Reddall v. Bryan

Mr. Chief Justice TANEY delivered the opinion of the Court. . This is a writ of error to revise the decree of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, affirming-a decree of the Circuit Court for Montgomery county, in that State.: -This case, as it appears on the record, is this: The bill in equity of the plain tiffjn error, filed in the Cir-. cuit Court:for Montgomery county, in Maryland,, alleges that the defendants have trespassed.on land of hisJn Montgomery county, in Maryland, digging, it. up and .^erecting abutments nnd structures for an.aqueduct, and so breaking up and dividing the land.as to render it incapable, of tillage, andJnfllcting great- and irreparable damage upon the complainant; and that the defendants meditate,-for -completing the aqueduct, still further damage, of the samé aggravated character, to the land} by digging to .great depths of twelve to fifteen feet, and. at-other points' raising embankments and building walls, and in conducting through-the land a.large-and constant stream of water, .for the. sole use of the aqueduct. The bill further states that the defendants claim to thus act under authority of the Executive of the United States, unsanctioned, however, as the bill alleges, by any action of-Congress, and for supplying water to the cities of Washington and Georgetown, and under color of a tract of the Legislature ot Maryland, (session of the year 1863, chapter 179,) purporting .to authorize the-United States “to purchase land in Maryland *422 for so supplying water, through construction of dams, reservoirs, buildings, and other works,” and -in case of sale not being agreed by owners, to allow the United States to adversely appropriate to herself the land, by condemnation and on valuation, to be effected in manner as provided in case of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company’s occasions for land and materials for that company’s works. The bill,also avers that no such purchase was authorized by Congress, nor any attempt ever made on behalf of the United States toward an agreement for the purchase of complainant’s lands, and insists that these, pretended sanctions of the act of the Maryland Legislature, and of the United States Executive, are repugnant to the Constitution of the United States and of Maryland, and that the land is thus intruded on for no. public purpose of Maryland, no'r for any connected with the United States as such, and of a Federal character, nor even so declared in the Maryland act of Legislature, or. in any action of. Congress. And the bill prays injunction, to prevent the trespass and encroachments complained of from being carried on. The Circuit Court refused the injunction, and from the order of refusal, the plaintiff' appealed to the Court of Appeals. That court affirmed the order of the. Circuit Court and remanded the case. ' From this decision of the Court of Appeals, the case is here upon writ of error. It is evident, from this statement, that the appeal to this court cannot be sustained. In the first place, the decree of the Court of Appeals merely affirms the decree of the inferior court, and remands the case. It is, therefore, still pending, and there is no final decree. And although the State of Maryland in her own courts may authorize an appeal from such an interlocutory order, it- cannot affect the jurisdiction of this, which is governed by the act of Congress, and that act authorizes the writ of error only in cases where there is a final decree or judgment.' In the seeond place, we do-not see in the plaintiff’s bill any right claimed under the laws of the United States. On the contrary, the claim is against the rights asserted by the United *423 States, and exercised by the agents of tlie Government under its authority; and even if there had been a final decree by the dismissal of the bill, in addition to the refusal of the injunction, we perceive no ground upon which the writ of error could be maintained under the -25th section of the act of 1789. It is therefore dismissed for want of jurisdiction.