Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. v. Stanley Electric Mfg. Co.

EACOMBE, Circuit Judge. The act of March 3, 1897, provides that in suits brought for infringement of patent the circuit courts shall have jurisdiction in the district of which defendant is' an inhabitant, or in any district in which the defendant shall have committed acts of infringement, and have a regular and established place of business. The defendant company is a New Jersey corporation, therefore it is not an inhabitant of the Southern district of New York. It has á regular and established place of business here, but, in order to maintain its right to the relief prayed for from this court, complainant must show clearly the commission by defendant company of acts of infringement here. Where the defendant is an inhabitant of the district, and thus within the jurisdiction, it is sometimes sufficient to show threats of infringement, or a state of facts from which it is to be clearly inferred that unless a preliminary injunction is granted infringement will be committed. But when the commission of an act of infringement is essential to jurisdiction, the completed act must be proved. There must be proof either of a manufacture, a use, or a sale within the district, contracts to manufacture, threats to use, negotiations for a sale, will not be sufficient, for the reason that the statute requires proof of the completed act. There is no pretense of infringement in this district by any manufacture or use, and the testimony falls 642 short of proving an actual sale here. Representatives of the defendant company have entered into negotiations in this city for sales of the machines which it manufactures at Pittsfield, Mass., but none of these representatives have had power to bind complainant to terms of sale. The purchasers’ proposals have invariably been forwarded to Pittsfield, and there accepted by defendant and delivery made. The completed act of alleged infringement by sale is therefore not committed in the Southern district of New York, and this court is consequently, upon the proof as it stands, without jurisdiction to issue an injunction against the defendant corporation. With regard to defendant Barr the situation is different. He is an inhabitant of this district, therefore the court has jurisdiction of him wherever he may commit infringement. From the affidavits it would seem that, in the negotiation's as to the two specific sales which are testified to, Barr himself bore no part. That circumstance is hot of much moment. The proofs would fairly warrant the conclusion that he is threatening to participate in effecting similar sales. But whatever he has done, he has done not on his own behalf, but as a salaried employé of defendant company, and he is not the one of those employés whose final approval effects a sale. Injunctions have been issued by this court against an employé of a principal who could not be found, where there was no doubt that his own acts effected an infringement, as where he individually sold and delivered goods to a customer, having authority from his principal to pass the title and possession to the purchaser, but it is doubtful whether in a case like this separate injunctive relief should be granted against the employé. Certainly preliminary injunction under such circumstances would be no protection to the complainant; it would not put any stop to existing conditions, for Barr could be transferred to some other duty, and a different employé assigned to negotiate sales. Inasmuch as the court has no jurisdiction of the alleged infringing company, the motion is denied. The questions raised as to construction of the patent, infringement, and estoppel have therefore not been examined.