United States v. Seattle Brewing & Malting Co.

HANFORD, District Judge. The question whether the government, after having been defeated in the prosecution of a criminal case against a defendant for the doing of a prohibited act, may, by waging a civil action against him, enforce the provisions of a penal statute by condemnation of property as forfeited, and compelling the defendant to pay a fine, was. learnedly discussed and finally determined by the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Coffey v. United States, 116 U. S. 436, 444, 6 Sup. Ct. 437, 29 L. Ed. 684. In later decisions by the Supreme Court the Coffey Case has been referred to, but without modifying or departing from the rule which it established. See Stone v. United States, 167 U. S. 178, 196, 17 Sup. Ct. 778, 42 L. Ed. 127. The affirmative allegations of the answer bring this case fairly and fully within the rule of the Coffey Case, and this court cannot hesitate in its duty to overrule the demurrer interposed in behalf of the government. The learned attorney for the United States appears to have understood this court as expressing an opinion that a civil action might be maintained against the defendant to recover the penalty for having transported beer under a false description, at the time of rendering its decision upon the trial of the criminal case, when the court directed the jury to render a verdict of not guilty. It was then said by the court that: “There Is an abundance of evidence to support a verdict that the defendant sold and shipped the beer, and as a corporation, it is chargeable with all the civil liability from the business transaction. The criminality, however, charged in this indictment, is in marking the beer and shipping it under a false description; and, as to the fact of shipping in that manner, there is no evidence to charge the corporation with that as a corporate act” That decision was based upon uncontradicted evidence proving that the false marking of the casks which were removed for transportation from the defendant's brewery was the unauthorized and clandestine act of one of the defendant’s employés, and there was no intention to violate the law on the part of the defendant as a body corporate, as no officer or agent invested with the corporate powers participated in or had knowledge of the transaction. The court did not say, nor intend to indicate, that a mistake had been made in the form of procedure, nor that a civil action could be maintained-to collect the fine or any forfeiture. If the defendant incurred • liability to the government for any loss or subtraction of revenue by means of the transaction, the verdict and judgment in the criminal proceeding constitute no bar to the recovery in a civil action of money equivalent to the loss, but an action by the government--to recover compensation for-the loss of property is quite [599] different from an action to collect a fine, as a mere punishment for the doing of an unlawful act. A civil action by the government to recover the value of its property wrongfully converted was sustained by this court, and a judgment in favor of the government was rendered against a defendant who had been previously acquitted in a criminal prosecution against him for a violation of law in unlawfully cutting and removing timber from the public lands of the United States, and that judgment was affirmed by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and by the Supreme Court of the United States; the case being Stone v. United States, above cited. In the progress of the. civil action, the Coffey Case was pressed upon the attention of the different courts, but they all concurred in holding that the cases were distinguishable by the fact that in the civil case the government was not prosecuting to punish a criminal, but merely to recover compensation for a loss of property. The distinction between an action to recover compensation and a proceeding to punish for the doing of a prohibited act was in the mind of the court at the time of directing a verdict in favor of this defendant, and I consider that it was suggested, and that nothing else was indicated in the remark above quoted. Demurrer overruled.