Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n v. Hiestand

SEAMAN, Circuit Judge (after stating the facts as above). The bankrupt is an Illinois corporation, and the claim filed by the appellant for allowance against the estate in bankruptcy rests alone on purported contracts of the corporation, guaranteeing payment of specific debts of another corporation. All facts involved in the controversy are settled by stipulation, and the appeal from an order disallowing the claim ■presents a single question of law: Are the promises so made valid obligations against the estate? We are impressed with no doubt either of the true bearing of the material facts so súbmitted, or of the rule .of corporate limitation which theq applies for answer to this question. . As the bankrupt, Riquor Dealers' Supply Company, was a corporation organized.under the laws of Illinois, it had no powers except those which were conferred by charter, either in express terms or by neces [199] sary implication for the exercise of the powers named. It obtained none of the natural rights or capacities of its individual members. Central Transportation Co. v. Pullman’s Palace Car Co., 139 U. S. 24, 48, 11 Sup. Ct. 478, 35 L. Ed. 55, and cases cited; 7 Am. & Eng. Encyc. of Law (2d Ed.) 695. Under its corporate charter the grant of authority is “to engage in the wholesale liquor and rectifying business, and to supply liquor dealers, rectifiers and distillers with goods of every description at wholesale and to transact a general commission business.” The inquiry for powers which may be implied for the purposes of the business thus authorized is not free from confusion in opinions cited in the argument (from various jurisdictions), but comment here is unnecessary upon the considerations which have influenced departures from the above stated rule of strict limitation, for the reason that we believe such rule to be settled, for the instant case, by the Illinois decisions, not only through their adoption of the general rule, but by direct interpretation of like charter powers, to confer no implied authority to become answerable for the indebtedness of another party, without interest therein and for mere accommodation, declaring such promises ultra vires the corporation. National Home Building Association v. Bank, 181 Ill. 35, 39, 54 N. E. 619, 64 L. R. A. 399, 72 Am. St. Rep. 245; Wheeler v. Home Savings Bank, 188 Ill. 34, 37, 58 N. E. 598, 80 Am. St. Rep. 161. In partial recognition of these authorities (as we infer), it is conceded in the brief for appellant: "That a naked guaranty whereby a corporation enters into a contract of suretyship for another person or corporation in a matter in which it is in no maimer interested is outside of the powers of a corporation.” Nevertheless it is contended that a resolution of the corporation— reciting, in effect, that its guaranty is requested by a customer, for a loan desired by the customer to increase his own business, and that such increase of the customer’s business “tends directly to increase the business of this corporation” — is effective to escape the rule referred to and give validity to such promise. For this contention, the appellant relies upon a line of cases marking exceptions from the general rule above stated, with the following Illinois decisions cited as leading examples: Richelieu Hotel Co. v. Mil. Encampment Co., 140 Ill. 248, 263, 29 N. E. 1044, 33 Am. St. Rep. 227; Green Co. v. Blodgett, 159 Ill. 169, 42 N. E. 176, 50 Am. St. Rep. 146; Central Lumber Co. v. Kelter, 201 Ill. 503, 66 N. E. 543; Kraft v. West Side Brewery Co., 219 Ill. 205, 76 N. E. 372; Blue Island Brewing Co. v. Fraatz, 123 Ill. App. 26, 29. The Richelieu Hotel Co. and Green Co. Cases are satisfactorily distinguished from the case at bar, in the opinion by Mr. Chief Justice Cartwright, in National Home Building Ass’n v. .Bank, ante, and each of the other citations is alike distinguishable. In the first-mentioned case, a subscription made by the hotel company, jointly with numerous other subscribers, to procure the location in Chicago of a military encampment, was held to be within its corporate powers as an “expedient directly calculated to increase the number of patrons of the hotel”; and each of the others is of like nature, having for the single purpose of the subscription or agreement a benefit directly accruing [200] therefrom to the business of the promisor corporation in obtaining new customers. Assuming that power may be implied “to adopt-and promote all reasonable expedients directly calculated to increase the number of patrons of the business,” this resolution of the corporation to guarantee payment of its present customer’s loan neither states nor contemplates any such direct benefit to the guarantor. The pretense of benefit through increase of the customer’s business is indirect, not within either authority cited; and the utmost import of the resolution is to secure the good will of the customer, the usual inducement held out to guarantors, making it a case of “naked guaranty” of the debt of another, not within the corporate powers. The fact that Moyses owned most of the stock in both corporations may explain the transaction, but it gives the corporation no authority to exceed its powers wherein the interests of creditors, and the public are involved. The claim was rightly disallowed, and the order of the District Court is affirmed.