Ashley v. Samuel C. Tatum Co.

HAND, District Judge (after stating the facts as above). The first question is want of invention. No design had appeared in any way resembling the complainant’s before he designed his inkwell. The parties introduced in evidence 30 or 40 inkwells.to show the, prior art, and neither the combination nor the proportional relation in dimension appears in any one of them. The complainant was the first to conceive of an inkwell with a flat, broad, base surmounted by a low dome. There had been domed inkwells, and square inkwells, and low bases of one material with a low dome fitting into them. / There had been forms of the old safety inkwells in which the base was thickened and made square. This was the nearest approach,, but it was neither [842] flat, nor lów, and the dome was a drum bent sharply at the top in a reverse curve, nor were the proportions at all alike. Vide complainant’s Exhibit No. 30, in which the total height is 2% inches and the width 3% inches. Nor did it depend; like the complainant’s, strictly upon its proportions, but had a base of irregular horizontal section in an inferior manner, designed apparently at once to reduce the area covered by the base and to give a pleasing appearance. ' The complainant has invented a wholly new scheme of element and proportion, resulting in a.cheap inkwell of real artistic value which, deliberately or not, follows the excellent canon that beauty depends rather upon perfect adaptation to use and pleasing proportion. It is fitted for its purpose, in that its weight and low height insures it against accident, and keeps it near the table’s level. It makes no shallow appeal to the senses by an effort at inconsequent ornament. The complainant has achieved' a meritorious and novel design by resort only to the most legitimate" artistic means. The prior art presents nothing which, to my eye, in the least suggests it. I have no trouble in finding his patent valid. The defendant’s well is no doubt distinguishable, and that, too, without the aid of an expert. It may be urged that under Gorham v. White, 14 Wall. 511, 20 L. Ed. 731, that distinction is enough to prevent infringement, but such would be, I believe, a misunderstanding of that decision. Friedberger-Aaron Mfg. Co. v. Chapin, 151 Fed. 264. A glance at the silver designs on page 521 of that case shows that,, when put side by side, they were readily enough distinguishable by á person who was not an expert. The reason why that was an infringement is that in use they were not put side by side, but that the defendant’s design was near enough to copy the essential novelty of the complainant’s except to an .eye so accustomed to the precise details of each as in memory to carry one into comparison with the other. . In short, the fancy of the purchaser, whose attention cannot be supposed to have a photographic accuracy, would, in fact, have been caught by those fundamental elements of charm and novelty in White’s silver thai Gorham had devised. Scofield v. Browne, 158 Fed 305, 85 C. C. A. 556 (C. C. A., 3rd Cir.). So in the case at bar, if I am right in believing that the eye is pleased in the complainant’s well by the proportion and combination he has devised, his design depends upon it, since it can depend upon nothing else, there being no ornamental addition. The defendant’s well has indeed .such an addition, and .is, to. my eye at any rate, thereby greatly damaged, but it nevertheless contains every element of . the complainant’s design. Certainly no mere, ornamentation would be enough to prótect one who had borrowed all the complainant’s design. No one would say that a row of raised dots ór a countersunk Grecian border around the base of the dome would be enough to avoid infringement. This." border is, in fact, no mo'fe than either of these, though ft does more effect the contour of the dome. It seems to me unreasonable to 'suppose .that any one not attracted to the combination ■ and proportions 'of the defendant’s- well, viould be induced to.buy it, because it contained afoufid the dome the band of facets which is the sole difference appre’btitile'td the lay eye.- The defendant has-taken over bodily every ele [843] ment of the complainant’s design "and he has added just enough, and that too injuriously, to make a colorable claim to differentiation. The analogy is strong between the case and the usual case of trade-mark in which the defendant imitates everything, and then relies upon some irrelevant detail of distinction to justify his exploitation of another man’s brains and originality. The complainant’s design appears to me to have been imitated, and I therefore find that the defendant’s wells are an infringement. The question of the construction patent after this conclusion becomes academic. Let the usual interlocutory decree pass.