Ex parte Saraceno

WARD, Circuit Judge. Pasquale Saraceno came to this country in the year 1899 from the town of Reggio in Calabria, Italy, right opposite Messina. He remained here until January, 1909, when he returned to Italy on account of the earthquake which occurred at Mes-sina, to look up his relatives. His wife and three children followed him in about four months. September 27, 1910, he returned to this country alone arid was detained for examination. A board of special inquiry held the next day brought out the facts that the alien.has $25, is 29 years old, is going to his brother Frank Saraceno, is not subject to any mental or physical disability, is a barber by trade, and has followed that occupation in this city for years. It also appeared that he had been twice arrested, as he says on suspicion, being convicted on the second of these occasions October 23, 1907, of carrying a concealed weapon,, viz., a revolver, and sentenced to imprisonment for 15 days. It is said that he tried to forfeit his bail, but, if so, he did not succeed. Upon this state of facts, the finding of the board was as follows: “It is tbe unanimous opinion of the board that this alien is likely to become a public charge for the following, among other reasons: He arrives here with a small amount of money, has a family in his, native country dependent upon him for maintenance, and has no one here legally responsible for him in case of distress. According to his sworn statement, he has come in conflict with the police authorities of New York on at least two occasions, and admits having been convicted on a charge of carrying concealed, weapons as testified to by the detective who arrested him at that time. He is also excluded for the further reason of having been convicted of a crime, which in our judgment involves moral turpitude.” Upon appeal to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor the order of the board was affirmed. The authority of the board and of. the Secretary on appeal to order the deportation of alien immigrants is confined to such 'aliens as come within the classes excluded by section 2 of the immigration [957] law (Act March 3, 1891, c. ool, 26 Stat. 1084 [U. S. Comp. St. 1901, р. 1295]).' They have no more authority to deport one not so included than they would have to deport a citizen. Gonzales v. Williams, 192 U. S. 1, 24 Sup. Ct. 177, 48 L. Ed. 317. This alien is ordered to be deported because he falls within the class of “persons likely to become a public charge” and of “persons who have been convicted of or admit having committed a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude.” If there was any evidence competent or otherwise to sustain this finding, the court, though of a different opinion, should not disturb it. But it is impossible to avoid the conclusion that the real ground for the order is that the immigration authorities think the alien an undesirable citizen, which is a class not excluded by the immigration law. The proof, as we have seen, is that the alien is not without funds, is young, healthy, following the trade by which he has supported himself and his family for years in this country, and is going to his brother, who has lived here for years following the trade of tailor. The fact that he was arrested four years ago for carrying a concealed weapon is no evidence whatever that he is likely to become a public charge. Nor does that offense involve moral turpitude. Section 1897 .of the Penal Raw of the State of New York (Consol. Raws, с. 40) provides, inter alia: “Any person, over the age of sixteen years who shall have or carry concealed upon his person in any city, village or town of this state any pistol, revolver or other firearm without a written license therefor theretofore issued to him by a police magistrate of such city or village or by a justice of the peace of such town or in such manner as may be prescribed by ordinance of such city, village or town, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.” The right to keep or bear arms is secured by the second amendment to the Constitution from limitation by the United States, andl it is only the carrying of concealed weapons which is prohibited by the state. It cannot be held that an act licensed by the state of New York involves moral turpitude. While the powers intrusted to the immigration authorities are very great and important and should not be restricted by the courts, it is easy to see that upon the reasoning of the board in this case almost any immigrant might be deported. The alien is discharged; but, if the respondent appeals- within three days after notice of entry of order, the alien must give recognizance with surety in the sum of $250 conditioned to appear and answer the judgment of the appellate court in accordance with Supreme Court Rule 34 (6 Sup. Ct. III).