Mississippi Valley Fuel Co. v. Watson Coal Co.

SEAMAN, Circuit Judge (after stating the facts as above). Under the writ of error no question is presented whether a meritorious controversy arose between the parties over liability upon the bond in suit, and it goes without saying" that tender of defense thereto was not needful, if reversible error appears in overruling both of the pleas interposed, respectively by one and the other defendant below. Whether want of jurisdiction over, the defendant Mississippi Valley Fuel Company (hereinafter mentioned as the Fuel Company), principal in the joint and several bond, if well pleaded, would require disturbance of the verdict as against the surety defendant, American Surety Company (hereinafter referred to as the Surety Company), as contended, may not rightly be assumed. See Minor v. Mechanics’ Bank, 1 Pet. 46, 73, 7 L. Ed. 47; 1 Freeman [124] on Judgments, § 136, and cases cited. The sufficiency, however, of both pleas is involved for determination under the assignments of error, and the questions for solution are: (1) Was personal jurisdiction over the defendant Fuel Company vested in the trial court? and (2) Was reversible error committed in overruling the plea in abatement, founded on the pendency of the equity suit described therein ? [1] 1. The contentions under the plea of want of jurisdiction over the Fuel Company are twofold: (a) That it was a foreign corporation, not located nor doing business in the state of Illinois and not subject to suit therein, under the settled rule in the federal jurisdiction, whatever may be the rule in respect thereof governing the state courts in Illinois; and (b) that the alleged service of process in the suit (commenced in the state court),'was made upon its nonresident president, while he was attending the federal court (which became the trial court through removal of the suit), as the necessary representative of the Fuel Company, in a hearing of its bill in equity pending therein as described in the plea, was not within the jurisdiction for any other purpose, and was entitled to immunity from such service, as ruled by various authorities’cited, federal and general. Each of these propositions set forth in the plea and argument as to the tests of valid service for federal jurisdiction is predicated on two assumptions, without which neither becomes material, namely: First, that the jurisdiction of the trial court over the Fuel Company, for the purpose of the suit, rested alone on the sufficiency of such service; and, second, that the validity of the service in the state court must be ascertained through the rules referred to, applicable to service of process in federal courts, irrespective of any rule thereupon which may have been controlling in the jurisdiction from which the suit was removed. The first premise thus assumed involves the paramount inquiry to be considered, and the second may be dismissed with this remark: That upon each proposition of the plea decisions of the Supreme Court of Illinois are brought to our attention wherein rules appear to be adopted in reference to amenability to service of civil process, which may be at variance, respectively, with one and the other rule invoked for the plea, so that the effect thereof would necessarily enter into determination of the issue, were jurisdiction 'otherwise well challenged under the averments. We are of opinion, however, that the trial court possessed jurisdiction over the Fuel Company, for all purposes of the suit, irrespective of either question raised by its plea. It was plainly within such jurisdiction for complete relief between the parties, under its bill filed and pending therein (on the equity side of the court) against the Watson Coal Company for specific performance of an alleged contract for deliveries of coal, inclusive of the deliveries involved in the present suit. It had obtained therein a mandatory in junctional order for such deliveries, under an express requirement to make payments promptly as provided in terms, and to furnish the bond (in suit) to secure performance thereof on its part. For [125] such cases the doctrine is well settled, as upheld in the leading authority (Russell v. Farley, 105 U. S. 433, 26 L. Ed. 1060), that federal courts in equity are vested, not only with complete jurisdiction over the parties for all issues arising under the bill, but that jurisdiction thus acquired extends as well for enforcement, in favor of a defendant therein, of any bond which may have been required of and executed by the complainant under an injunctional order for his benefit, and that such jurisdiction for needful relief, if not directly exercisable under the issues, may be exercised by ancillary proceedings, either in equity or on the law side of the court, against both principal and sureties in a bond so executed. Meyers v. Block, 120 U. S. 206, 7 Sup. Ct. 525, 30 L. Ed. 642; Leslie v. Brown, 90 Fed. 171, 32 C. C. A. 556; Empire State, etc., Co. v. Hanley, 136 Fed. 99, 69 C. C. A. 87. Thus, had application been made therein by the Coal Company for enforcement of such liability under the bond against principal and surety, it is unquestionable that proceeding's to that end would have been authorized, either in the equity suit or at law, as advised. Whether the course adopted of instituting the suit in the state court, for enforcement as well against the surety was well advised, may have been treated by the trial court as beside the inquiry of jurisdiction over the Fuel Company for all the purposes thereof. However regarded, we believe such procedure could not disturb the existing jurisdiction over its person through the equity suit. So, when the suit at law was removed to the trial court, on petition of the Fuel Company, such jurisdiction rightly extended for entertainment thereof, with the parties present in fact, irrespective of the issues tendered by the plea as to valid service; and we believe error is not well assigned for overruling such plea. [2] 2. The plea setting up the equity suit by way of abatement was interposed by the Surety Company, and we are at loss tp understand the theory upon which error is assigned for denial of abatement on its behalf. It is not averred that proceedings were then pending or tendered in any form for enforcement of the bond, and whatever may have been assumed as the groundwork of the plea we are impressed with no view thereof which would authorize disturbance of the judgment. As above mentioned, the prior proceedings in equity were within the jurisdiction of Judge Wright, and thus within his judicial knowledge for administration. His ruling upon the plea is presumptive, therefore, of an understanding that enforcement of the bond, in the proceedings at law, was neither inconsistent therewith, nor would be permitted to disturb equities arising therein; and no doubt is entertainable that the paramount jurisdiction in equity extends to that end and will be so exercised. The several assignments of error are overruled accordingly, and the judgment of the court below is affirmed.