Wisconsin Furniture Co. v. Blumberg

BAKER, Circuit Judge (after stating the facts as above). By looking at Figure 2 of the drawings it will be observed that the main supports, the four corner legs marked A', are fastened not to the ultimate but to the penultimate pairs of guide-bars. By this construction the table is extensible not only by the spreading of the legs but also by the spreading of the permanent top boards independently of the legs. This last feature, namely, the extensibility of the top while the legs remain stationary, is exhibited in Figure 1. If in Figure 2 the four corner legs A' were bridged and fastened. upon the outer pairs of guide-bars, the table would be extensible only as the legs were spread apart. That is the old style extension table. From a reading of the specification we think it very clear that Klein believed that he was the inventor of the extension-top feature and that this was the important part of his application. This feature, in combination with the other parts necessary to its use, is expressed in claim 1, which covers the three forms of construction shown in the drawings. But Klein was mistaken in his belief. If the appellant’s withdrawal of the claim in the face of appellee’s proof may not be taken as an admission of the fact, the proof itself with respect to the prior use of a so-called Christiansen table and also the exhibition of the Pratt patent No. 5,905, November 7, 1848, indisputably establish that the extensibility of the top while the legs remain stationary was not the invention of Klein. [1] Appellant contends that, inasmuch as claim 1 was withdrawn, that claim cannot now be considered as in the case for any purpose. But the claim itself and particularly that part of the applicant’s description of his invention on which the claim is based are parts of thé patent and may properly be examined for the purpose of determining exactly what the applicant had in mind in framing claim 2 and what invention, over and above the invention set out in claim 1, he was intending to cover by claim 2. [2] Referring to the description of Figure 3, it will be noted that the applicant said that “the four center legs A are connected by cross-rails B and guide-bars C in the same manner as is shown in Figure 1.” That is, the central portion of the table shown in Figure 3 is exactly the self-contained and self-supporting framework on which the sliding top boards are placed in Figure 1. But, since in Figure 3 the permanent top boards are to be spread very much farther apart, “two additional pairs of legs A' A' are also provided.” Now, inasmuch as tables with extensible frames were old and tables with extensible tops had been made by Pratt and by Christiansen prior to Klein’s time, there could be no invention in claim 2 over and above the invention set out in claim 1 except the union in one structure of the extension-frame table and the extension-top table with “a central set of four legs rigidly united by connecting cross-rails and fixed horizontal guide-bars.” Appellee’s alleged infringing table does not have the self-contained [742] and self-supporting central structure of claim 2. But on behalf of appellant it is urged that, since by bringing the four legs A nearer and nearer together they could be made to merge into one central supporting leg, appellee by so doing has obtained the benefit of the invention covered by claim 2. An inventor is entitled of course, against in-fringers, to a range of equivalents that will give him protection fully as broad as the scope of his invention. And if in this case Klein were the originator of the idea and of the general means of providing a central support to guard against the sagging that is more or less inevitable in structures where the side members are not rigid, but only slid-ably connected, it might be easily possible to hold that the central support in appellee’s table was the equivalent of the central support of the patented structure. But in extension tables of the old style it was a well known and common practice, long before Klein’s time, to bridge the central pair of sliding guide-bars and to fasten a leg at the center point of such bridge. If claim 2 of the patent-in suit were to be reconstructed so as to claim the central support of the ancient extension table, we could not uphold the claim, because in a table having both an extensible frame and an extensible top the purpose of supplying the single central supporting leg would be exactly the same as in old style tables having only the extensible frame. It is only by differentiating the old and commonly used central support of the old style extension tables .from the central support exhibited in Figure 3 that claim 2 can be sustained. And under that construction of claim 2 it is impossible to hold that appellee has infringed by using upon an extension-top and extension-frame table the old and well known single central supporting leg. The decree is affirmed.