State v. Kaplan

CHIEF JUSTICE TURNAGE delivered the Opinion of the Court. Michal Kaplan was charged with seven counts of stalking, in violation of § 45-5-220, MCA, in the Fourth Judicial District Court, Missoula County. Pursuant to a stipulation between Kaplan and the *109 prosecution, the court found Kaplan not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. Kaplan appeals. We dismiss the appeal. We find the following issue dispositive on appeal: Whether Kaplan can appeal from a judgment finding her not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. On March 29, 1994, the Missoula County Attorney filed an information charging Kaplan with three counts of stalking in violation of § 45-5-220, MCA. On August 9, 1994, the county attorney filed another information charging Kaplan with an additional four counts of stalking. On November 18, 1994, the two causes of action were consolidated. The stalking charges all arose from Kaplan’s repeated contact with her former martial arts instructor. Kaplan has a long history of mental illness and has been repeatedly institutionalized in both Alaska and Montana. On December 19, 1994, Kaplan moved the District Court to dismiss the charges against her on the grounds that § 45-5-220, MCA, is unconstitutional. Following briefing, the court denied Kaplan’s motion. On March 13, 1995, the parties stipulated that Kaplan should be found not guilty by reason of mental disease of defect. Pursuant to the parties’ stipulation, the court found Kaplan not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. Kaplan was committed to the custody of the Superintendent of the Montana State Hospital. Kaplan now appeals the denial of her motion to dismiss. Section 46-20-104, MCA, entitled “Scope of appeal by defendant,” reads, in part: (1) An appeal may be taken by the defendant only from a final judgment of conviction and orders after judgment which effect the substantial rights of the defendant. [Emphasis added.] See also Rule 1(d), M.RApp.P. Kaplan was found not guilty of stalking by reason of mental disease or defect. Because Kaplan was not convicted, there is no judgment of conviction from which to appeal. The denial of her motion to dismiss, absent a judgment of conviction, is not itself an appealable order. Montana statutes provide remedies and avenues of appeal for individuals who are committed following a finding that they suffer from a mental disease or defect. Sections 46-14-301 through -303, MCA, provide methods for individuals who have been found to suffer from a mental disease or defect to challenge such a finding. Appealing the constitutionality of the statute under which they were found not guilty is not an option. *110 We conclude that Kaplan cannot appeal from a judgment that she was not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. We therefore dismiss her appeal. JUSTICES GRAY, HUNT, LEAPHART and ERDMANN concur.