Kier v. Steer

HUNT, Circuit Judge (after stating the facts as above). It is ar- ■ gued in behalf of the trustee that Steer should be held responsible for the increase of the debt due by Mason & Owen to Bogan & Bryan; that such increase was made possible to the extent of $4,775 by the [204] Midvale shares, which were included in the stock pledged to Logan & Bryan; and that it was Steer’s act which enabled Mason & Owen to create the added charge, and that Steer should take the stock “subject to the indebtedness incurred in its purchase.” It is clear to us that the identification of the stock was sufficiently made, for at the time of the bankruptcy Logan & Bryan had in their hands to the credit of Mason & Owen 100 shares of Midvale, and no claimant other than Steer appeared. In Gorman v. Littlefield, 229 U. S. 19, 33 Sup. Ct. 690, 57 L. Ed. 1047, it was said that, where shares of the same kind are in the hand's of a broker, being held to satisfy his claim, it is unnecessary for a customer to “be able to put his finger upon the identical certificates of stock purchased for him.” “It is enough,” said the court, “that the broker has shares of the same kind which are legally subject to the demand of the customer. In this respect the trustee in bankruptcy is in the same position as the broker.” The rule in Gorman v. Littlefield, supra, has recently been followed in Re Solomon & Co. (C. C. A.) 268 Fed. 108, and was also recognized in Re Wilson (D. C.) 252 Fed. 639. Many of the cases cite Thomas v. Taggart, 209 U. S. 385, 28 Sup. Ct. 519, 52 L- Ed. 845, where it was held that where a broker holds shares of stock as collateral for the account’ of a customer upon which the latter is not indebted to the broker, the shares belong to the customer, and the trustee in bankruptcy, having no better right to the shares than the bankrupt, is entitled to the possession of the shares without relation to the fact that the broker has hypothecated the shares. Under such circumstances the customer is entitled to the shares or their proceeds when returned to the trustee, if the loan has been paid by proceeds of other securities pledged therefor. Application of the law of the cases cited leads to the conclusion that Steer, who was trading with. Mason & Owen, having fully paid for his stock, and having, prior to bankruptcy, demanded delivery thereof from Mason '& Owen, who were then insolvent, is entitled to the stock and to a delivery thereof. It appears in the record that the securities held by Logan & Bryan consisted partly of stock purchased1 on margin and partly of stocks paid for in full to Mason & Owen, and that the proceeds of the securities held on margin were more than sufficient to pay the Logan & Bryan indebtedness in full, and were the only stocks sold by Logan & Bryan to liquidate their claim, and that certain securities were not sold, and survived' the liquidation, including 100 shares of Midvale claimed by Steer, and that prior to December 1, 1920, Mason & Owen had been fully paid for all of the other securities, and that no trades were pending at that time. In Re Bolling (D. C.) 147 Fed. 786, after a careful citation of the cases, it was held that, where a stockbroker buys and carries shares of stock on account of a customer on margins furnished by such customer, he holds the same as pledgee, and in the event of bankruptcy the customer is entitled to the stock on payment of the amount due thereon, or to the surplus realized on its sale by the trustee to the exclusion of the bankrupt’s creditors. This view was sustained hy the Court of Appeals of the Fourth Circuit, in Kean v. [205] Dickinson, 152 Fed. 1022, 82 C. C. A. 667, where the court adopted the opinion of Judge Wadd'ill. In the present case the marginal traders do not appear to have paid for their shares; all stocks were sold to pay the indebtedness to the pledgee, and the marginal stocks more than paid the amounts of such debt. Marginal traders, who may Have desired to save themselves any loss, could have paid up the amount due on their purchases and demanded their stock, and thus put themselves in a preferred class, on an equality with those who paid for their stock in full before bankruptcy. Such a position is discussed in Re Wilson (D. C.) 252 Fed. 635, and was involved in Hollins’ Case, 241 U. S. 523, 36 Sup. Ct. 615, 60 L. Ed. 1143, and generally the rule of decision is that, where stock certificates have been delivered to a broker as security for trades, but without authority to pledge, and where there is no trade pending and the stock has been pledged by the broker, if the loan has been liquidated, and it has not been necessary to sell the stock in order to satisfy the debt for which it was pledged, the customer may recover. See also In re McIntyre, 181 Fed. 955, 958, 104 C. C. A. 419; In re Graff (D. C.) 117 Fed. 343. It is a fair presumption that Mason & Owen remitted the money paid by Steer to their correspondent, and that they kept 100 shares of MidVale stock on hand at all times for the customer. Gorman v. Little-field, supra. Mason & Owen did not own and could not rightfully pledge stocks which had been paid for in full. In re Wilson, supra (D. C.) 252 Fed. 649. While it does not appear exactly how much money Mason & Owen owed to Logan & Bryan on March 20, 1920, nor what amount of stocks were pledged in the hands of Logan & Bryan, it does appear that the marginal traders paid Mason & Owen a percentage of the purchase price of their stocks, and that the pledge of the stock so purchased was necessary in order to borrow money to carry the unpaid balances. Thus it is inferable that the credit of these pledged stocks enabled the bankrupts to speculate, and in such speculation they lost. Under such circumstances it would be inequitable to hold that Steer, who paid his money in full and who had no pledge or loan,' should be required to pay more, and thus reduce the losses of the marginal traders, who were speculating on the market. Our opinion being that the order of the District Court was right, the decree will be affirmed.