Pittsburgh, C. & St. L. Ry. Co. v. Baltimore & O. R.

LURTON, Circuit Judge (after stating the facts). A preliminary question is made by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. Tt insists that the decree appealed from was not the final decree; that a final decree was pronounced June, 1890, and a supplemental decree — 708 — June, 1893; that the appeal was from this last decree, and that the questions settled by the former decree of June, 1890, cannot be reviewed, because there was no appeal from it within the time allowed-by law. The decree of June, 1890, was purely interlocutory. The cause was then heard upon the pleadings and proof, and the principles upon which the account should be taken determined, and a reference made to a master to take and state an account upon the basis therein directed. Upon the coming in of the account so ordered, exceptions were filed. These were then considered by the court. Some were sustained, others overruled. The account was restated in accordance with these rulings, and a final decree pronounced, from which a broad appeal was prayed and granted. This appeal opens up the whole case. A decree determining the right of a complainant to an account, and settling the principles upon which the account should be taken, is an interlocutory decree from which no appeal lies. A decree of like character was appealed from in Perkins v. Fourniquet, 6 How. 206. The appeal was dismissed as premature. The opinion was by Taney, C. J., who said: “This clearly is not a final decree in any respect. It is the common and ordinary interlocutory order or decree passed by courts of chancery in cases of this kind, and is absolutely necessary to prepare the ease for a final hearing and final decree, wherever the complainant is entitled to a partition of property or an account. For the principles upon ‘which an account is to be stated by the master, or a partition made, cannot bo prescribed by the court until it first determines the rights of the parties by an interlocutory order or decree; and the case cannot proceed to final hearing without it. And the appellant is not injured be denying him an appeal in this stage of the proceedings, because these interlocutory orders and decrees remain under the control of the circuit court, and subject to their revision, until the master’s report comes in and is finally acted upon by the court, and the whole of tho matters in controversy between the parties disposed of by a final decree. And, upon an appeal from that decree, every matter in dispute will be open to the parties in this court, and may all be heard and decided at the same time.”' Upon tbe coming in of tbe account so ordered, it was entirely in tbe power of tbe circuit court to change its opinion from that expressed in the interlocutory opinion, and dismiss tbe bill. This question was expressly decided on a second appeal in the case of Perkins v. Fourniquet, above cited. See, also, Fourniquet v. Perkins, 16 How. 82. Another preliminary question remains to be decided before tbe merits of the casé can be considered. Did tbe circuit court have jurisdiction of tbe controversy arising on tbe pleadings? Is tbe real controversy wholly between tbe complainant on one side and tbe two defendant corporations on the opposite side? Tbe complainant corporation is a citizen of tbe state of Maryland. Tbe two defendant corporations are citizens of the state of Ohio. Was tbe Central Railroad Company, as reorganized, either a proper or necessary party? Tbe final decree would seem to indicate that the interest of tbe Baltimore & Ohio Company and those of tbe Central Company were common interests,—that tbe rights of each depended upon tbe same questions. In determining a question of jurisdiction, where it depends upon citizenship,' it is unimportant — 709 — that the pleader has put a particular party upon the one or the other side of the case. Jurisdiction in such cases depends, not upon an arbitrary arrangement of the parties made by tbe pleader, but upon their Arrangement according to interest. If, when arranged by interest in the litigated question, all on one side are citizens of a state other than that of those on the other side, then jurisdiction exists. Removal Cases, 100 U. S. 457. In Railroad Co. v. Ketchum, 101 U. S. 289, the construction placed on the second section of the ad; of March 3, 1875, in regard to the removal of causes, was declared to be applicable to the first Section concerning suits originally brought in the courts of the United States. In that case the court said: “The same general language is used in the second section of the same act in respect to the removal of suits from the state courts, and in Removal Cases, 100 U. S. 457, we held it to mean that, when the controversy about which the suit was brought was between citizens of different, states, the courts of the United Stales might take jurisdiction without regard to the position the parties occupied in pleadings as plaintiffs or defendants. Dor the purpose of jurisdiction the court had power to ascertain the real matter in dispute, and arrange the parties on one side or the other of that dispute. If in such arrangement it appeared that those on one side were all citizens of different states from those on the other, jurisdiction might be entertained a.nd the cause proceeded w h. 'k hat. ruling, we dimk, applies as well to the first section as to the second.” What is the matter in dispute? The questions all arise out of a contract originally between (he Central Ohio Railroad Company on the one side and the Steubenville & Indiana Railroad Company on the other. The bill shows that the defendant the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company has succeeded to all the property interests and contract rights of the latter company. It sets out that: “Under the terms of the lease executed by the said the Central Ohio Company, as reorganized, it took possession of the said Central Ohio Railroad, and the said Columbus and Newark Division thereof, subject to (lie terms of the said contract, * * and -was entitled to all the privileges and subject to all of the terms thereof, the same as its lessor had previously been.” It further alleged that: “By the terms of the said lease, tlie said Central Ohio Railroad Company, as reorganized, was entitled to receive 35 per cent, of the gross earnings of the said the Central Ohio Railroad, including 1he Columbus and Newark Division thereof, and including a proper proportion of the earnings of the said Columbus and Newark Division under said contract with reference to the local freight and local passengers.” It then states that the obligations of the said contract had been recognized by complainant and by the defendant the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad Company, and acted under until June, 1872, when the said defendant commenced the business of carrying local freight, contrary io said agreement, and has continued to do so ever since, notwithstanding objections and protests by complainant, and that it has refused to account for the business so done and the earnings so arising. From all of which the complainant insists it is “entitled io have an accounting between the defendant herein, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, and its codefendant, the Central Ohio Railroad Company, — 710 — as reorganized, and your orator, in order that the total amount of local freights provided for in articles thirteen and fifteen of the said Exhibit B shall be ascertained, and the amount which is due' to the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Compafiy, and to the defendant the Central Ohio Railroad Company, as reorganized, as the lessor of your orator.” It concludes with a prayer for an account as follows: “And your orator prays that an. account be taken under the order and direction of this honorable court, with reference to the local freights so as aforesaid carried, and that your orator be allowed eighty-two and one-half per cent, of the total amount of freights carried by both of said parties, and that the defendant herein, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad Company, be allowed seventeen and one-half per cent, of the total amount thereof, and that thirty-five per cent, of the amount allowed to your 'orator be awarded to be paid as rental to the said defendant herein, the Central Ohio Railroad Company, as reorganized, and that, upon the taking of said accounts, the amount which is found due either of said parties defendants or your orator be directed to be paid within a time to be specified by the court, and, in default of such payment, that execution issue as at law, and your orator prays for such other and further relief as may be deemed best and proper in the premises.” Tbe Central Ohio Company, thus made a defendant, waived service of process, and entered its appearance by an indorsement on the original bill signed by the solicitor for the complainant company as president of the said Central Ohio Company. Its answer was subsequently prepared by the same solicitor, and signed by him as president. This answer admits all the statements of the complainants bill, and sets up that, under the said contract and lease, “it was entitled to receive as rental 35 per cent, of the entire earnings of said Columbus and Newark Division, in carrying local freights thereon, less seventeen and one-half per cent., which, under the said contract contained in Exhibit B, attached to complainant’s bill, was to be paid to the said Steubenville & Indiana Railroad Company, ánd its successor, the defendant herein, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company.” It admitted the receipt of 35 per cénit, of the local freights carried on said division by the complainant company, but asserted that since June, 1872, it had received no part of the earnings for local freights carried by the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, and averred that it was “now entitled to receive from the plaintiff thirty-five per cent, of the freight so earned by the said Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Company,” and it asks that “the said complainant be required to account to it for the same.” It charges that the lease was subject to the said contract, and avers “that- the said complainant had not any authority or power to make any change in said contract, and if said contract was changed, or to be changed, it could be done only by this defendant, by and through its president, properly authorized.” It denies knowledge that the Pitts-, burgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company had been engaged in carrying local freights, and that it was not accounting for same, and averred that until within “two or three years it did not know that its rental embraced nothing on account of freight carried by the said Pittsburgh Company;” and denied that it had ever “agreed — 711 — or assented to said company engaging in carrying said local freight, and in this manner impair the usefulness of said division, and deprive it of a part of the revenues which belonged to it, and of which it is the exclusive OAvner under its charter, as set out in the complainant’s bill of complaint.” This answer was indorsed as an answer and cross petition, bib one seems to have been made defendant thereto, and no process issued, none being asked. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company alone answered it as if a formal cross bill. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, in its answer, look issue upon every proposition of importance, denied any liability to (lie said Central Ohio Company, and set out the defenses made in its answer to the original bill. The chief of the defenses thus presented Avas that in June, 1872, the clauses in regard to the local freight business had been by agreement with the complainant company abrogated and set aside, and an agreement entered into that said local freight business should be done by either company, and revenue derived therefrom be retained by each company; that this agreement had been put in force by an official order issued in June, 1872, by the complainant company, and that from that time each road had done local business, and retained the revenue. That no objection, protest, or question had been made to this modification of the original agreement until after the agreement had been in force for more than 10 years. The defense of ultra vires was also set up as to the clauses which prevented either company from carrying local freight Avhen tendered, or from offering to carry such freight. Still another defense denied that the contract had ever been signed or legally executed by the original contracting parties. If valid, that: corporation insisted that the successor companies had the power to modify or abrogate the clauses in question, and this poAver had been exercised with the knoAvledge and assent of the Central Ohio Company. Upon this jurisdictional question the learned counsel for appellees contends that the original bill presents two distinct subjects of controversy,—one wholly between the complainant and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Company, and the other wholly between the complainant and the Central Ohio Company. That in the accounting asked with the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company the Central Ohio Company has no interest; and that in the accounting as to rentals since 1872, betAveen complainant as lessee and the Central Ohio Company as lessor, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company has no interest. That all the issues in regard to the due execution of the original agreement of 1805, and in regard to the power of the successor company to modify same, and in regard to the validity of clauses 13 and 15 of that contract, as well as the issue as to the fact of modification, are issues wholly between complainant and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, with which the Central Ohio Company has no concern. To save the jurisdiction, counsel in effect argue that the bill Avas multifarious. We are unable to concur with the contention that the Central Ohio Company has no concern in the issue between the companies succeeding to the rights — 712 — and obligations of the contract of 1865. If the contract of 1865 was never validly executed, then the successor companies did not, by mere succession, become obligated. If clauses 18 and 15 were void, as beyond the power of the contracting companies, then the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company' cannot be compelled to account for freights earned by it in contravention of a void contract; and, for the same reason, the claim of the Central Ohio Company to 35 per cent, of the gross receipts from freights carried by the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company must fail. So, if the successor companies had the power to abrogate, abandon, or modify clauses 13 and 15, and did in fact lawfully abandon, abrogate, or modify those provisions, then the claim of the Central Ohio against either of the successor companies falls to the ground. The Central Ohio was, perhaps, an unnecessary party. Still, in view of its interest in the maintenance of clauses 13 and 15, as affecting the amount of its income as rentals from its lessee, and of its contention that those clauses could not be abandoned, abrogated, or modified by the successor companies, unless it should assent, it was clearly proper, «that it should be a party to a controversy so vitally affecting its interests. By bringing it before the court a decree could be obtained which would conclude its claims as lessor or owner, and establish, once for all, the soundness or unsoundness of its contention as to the original validity and irrevocable character of the agreement of 1865 by any arrangement between the successor companies to which it did not assent. In view of this attitude of the Central Ohio toward the issues presented, we cannot say that it was an immaterial party. It certainly was not so regarded by the other litigants nor by the circuit court. Being a proper party,'and a party whose interests in the controversy were identical with those of the Baltimore & Ohio Company, it makes a cause in which a corporation of Maryland and a corporation of Ohio are on one side of the controversy, while another corporation of Ohio is a party upon the opposite side. This arrangement operates to deprive the federal court of jurisdiction. The very late case of Wilson v. Oswego Tp., 14= Sup. Ct. 259, is a case much in point. There federal jurisdiction was held to be defeated as to a defendant whom the court thought an unnecessary party to the relief sought by the complainant, yet a proper party because of its interest in the controversy. We are clearly of opinion that, while the Central Ohio was not a necessary party to the accounting between the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, yet it was, in view of its interest in the issues arising upon that account, a proper party. The decree must be reversed, with directions to the circuit court to dismiss the- bill with costs.