Central Trust Co. of New York v. Evans

SEVERENS, District Judge. This is an appeal taken by the Central Trust Company of New York from a decretal order made by the court below upon a petition (therein stated to be in the nature of an amended and supplemental bill) fill'd in the case of The Central Trust Company of Yew York v. The Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Company and The Bavannah & Western Railroad Company; a suit then pending in said court, and which was instituted for the foreclosure of certain mortgages hereinafter mentioned, executed lnr the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Company. This petition named H. Clay Evans and James and Key(zenstein, who had joined with him, as creditors of tlie Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Company, and Hloau, Lyerly, and Ban* & McAdoo, the sureties in certain replevin bonds, as defendants therein, and prayed for an injunction against the issuing of execution upon the decree in favor of H. Clay Evans et al. entered in the court below upon the coming down of the mandate from this court in the case of Railroad Co. v. Evans, reported in 14 O. O. A. 11(5, 66 Fed. 869. The circuit court denied the petition for the injunction prayed, and the petitioner has brought the case here on appeal. — 564 — The facts in the main case, upon which the decision of this court was rendered, were stated by Judge Lurton, who delivered the opinion of the court filed therein. It is only necessary to give a synopsis of them here: The Chattanooga, Eome & Columbus Eailroad Company, on the 1st day of September, 1887, having a railroad extending from Carrollton, in the state of Georgia, to Chattanooga, in the state of Tennessee, executed a mortgage to the Central Trust Company of Yew York, as trustee, upon the entire road and its equipment, to secure its bonds in the sum of $2,240,000, and on the following day executed to the same party, as trustee, a like mortgage secure another issue of bonds in the sum of $1,400,000. All the 'bonds above mentioned were issued and negotiated. In that state of things, the company became indebted to H. Olay Evans, one of the appellees in this proceeding, for materials furnished and work done in his machine shops upon locomotives, and for railroad supplies of different kinds. Evans brought suit on these liabilities in one of the chancery courts of Tennessee, under the peculiar statutory jurisdiction of those courts in that state, and, in due course, duly obtained judgment against the Chattanooga, Eome & Columbus Eailroad Company for the sum of $4,311.09. Upon the return unsatisfied of an execution issued to collect that judgment, Evans, on January 16, 1892, filed a general creditor’s bill in the state court in chancery against the Chattanooga, Eome & Columbus Eailroad Company, the Central Trust Company of Yew York, the Savannah & Western Eailroad Company, the Central Eailroad & Banking Company of Georgia, and the Eiclunond & Danville Eailroad Company. Subsequently, James and Kratzenstein, other creditors of the Chatianooga, Eome & Columbus Eailroad Company, joined as complainants. The object of Evans’ bill was to obtain a decree establishing a lien for his debt which would be prior to the mortgages, and declaring null, as against creditors, a sale which his debtor had made to the Savannah & Western Eailroad Company, upon grounds one of which was that the sale was made to defraud creditors; and the bill prayed for the subjection of the railroad property in Tennessee to the payment of his debt. Upon the filing of this bill an attachment w7as sued out under the laws of the state in that behalf, and wras levied upon that part of the line of the railroad lying in Tennessee, some locomotive engines, some coaches, machinery, tools, fixtures, etc. The Central Trust Company, and certain railroad companies which were concerned in the affairs of the Chattanooga, Eome & Columbus Eailroad Company, replevied the attached property by giving bonds with A. Y. ¡¿loan, C. A. Lyerly, and Barr & McAdoo as sureties, and thereupon the property was released. The condition of the bond was: “Now, if said principal obligors herein shall pay the debt, interests, and costs of the complainant, if the court shall adjudge the same against them, or either of them, or shall adjudge the property attached and herein replevied is subject to the payment of same, they shall either pay said debt, interests, and costs, or return said property, then this obligation to be void and of no effect.” A like attachment and replevy of the property upon a bond with Lyerly as surety were made upon the coining into the suit of the — 565 — other creditors as above mentioned. The case was subsequently removed into the circuit court of the United States, where, upon the final hearing, a general decree was rendered for complainants; and it was further ordered and decreed that the obligors in the replevy bonds should pay the debts of the attaching creditors, respectively, with no alternative. All the defendants appealed to this court, where it was held: First, that the claim of priority by Evans over the mortgages held by the Central Trust Company of New York could not be sustained; but, secondly, that the sale of the road and other assets by the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Company to the ¡Savannah & Western Railroad Company in May, 1891, was fraudulent and void as to Evans and the other creditors, complainants, who therefore had the right to seize the property upon attachments. In respect to that pari, of the decree below relating to the obligors in the replevy bonds, this court held, upon consideration of the Tennessee statute in relation to such, bonds, and its construction by the supreme court of Tennessee, that the decree should have given the obligors in the bonds the privilege of the alternative of returning the attached property, or paying the value thereof. A mandate was accordingly sent down to modify the decree in that regard by decreeing that the property might be returned and placed in the custody and possession of (he circuit court within 20 days, or otherwise that the obligors should pay one-half of the penalty of rhe bond, wiiich was assumed to be The value of the property, and should thereupon be discharged. Upon the receipt of the mandate by the circuit, court, that court entered its decree, and, in respect to the matter of the bond, ordered that within 20 days after the entry of the decree the defendants might place in (he custody and possession of the court, all of the property replevied and described in the bond, and in that (went ¡i. O. Ewing, deputy clerk of the court, was appointed special commissioner to receive, bike charge of, and hold the same to await the further order of the court; and, further, that in ease all the property attached and replevied should not be restored to the control and possession of the court, as above provided, at the end of 30 days, then execution might issue for the sum of $4,500,--tha t being one-half the penalty of the bond, — with interest from the 20 th day of January, 1892, amounting to the sum of $891.85. Other directions about costs are not material to the present controversy. This decree was entered on the 16th day of May, 3.895. On the 5th day of June, following, the complainant', the Central Trust Company of New’ York, filed in its original case, in the office of the clerk of the circuit court, as above stated, this petition, praying that a,n injunction should issue against, Evans and the other creditors, restraining them from enforcing the said order for the return of the property to the custody and possession of 11. O. Ew’ing as special commissioner; and asking that they be required to show’ cause why they should not be required to come into the cause and present their claims against the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Company in the proceedings pending for the foreclosure of the mortgage against the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Company and another, and have all their rights* — 566 — as against the property, and among themselves, there adjudicated; and praying for a temporary restraining order. This petition stated, as its substantial ground, that all the property covered by the replevy bonds was then in the possession of Eugene E. Jones, as receiver, under the order of the circuit courts of the United States for the Northern district of Georgia and the Eastern district of Tennessee, made in the case of the Central Trust Company of New York against the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Company and the Savannah &' Western Railroad Company, instituted on the 15th day of December, 1893, for the purpose of foreclosing the mortgages hereinbefore mentioned, and that, therefore, the said property was not subject to the control of the obligors in the replevy bonds, but was subject to the order and control of the court, which had authority to make such order respecting the same as the rights and interests of the parties might require. The motion for a preliminary injunction on this petition was brought on for hearing, and was denied by an order made June 15, 1895. From that order the Central Trust Company of New York has prosecuted' this appeal, under the provisions of the recent act of congress authorizing an appeal to be taken from an order of the court refusing an injunction. 28 Stat. 666. It must be noted, in the outset, that the appeal we are now considering is not an appeal from the decree which was made by the circuit court, which stands without any proceeding to reverse or change it in any way, but it is based on the subsequent order of the court denying the appellant’s petition. No ground appears for 1he assumption that while that decree stands the circuit court would have authority to entertain this proceeding, taken for the purpose of defeating its substantial purpose and effect. Here was a decree affording to the complainants, Evans and others, in that suit, distinct and'unconditional relief, viz. that of having the attached property. brought into court and subjected to the complainant’s demands, or, in the alternative of that, the payment into court, for the same purpose, of the value thereof. The enjoining of the complainants from taking the usual remedies for the enforcement of the decree would amount to a nullification of. the decree itself, pro tanto. The right of the complainants,' Evans and the creditors who joined him in this suit, as against the obligors on these bonds, was fully considered by this court on the appeal in the former case, and definitely ascertained and determined by the decree which it directed to be entered. The decree of the court below was, in substance and effect, that which this court ordered and directed.. Its conformity to the mandate of the court is not disputed by any proper challenge, and no reason is perceived for doubting that it was authorized by the opinion and mandate of this court. The suggestion that that decree may be defeated in this way cannot be entertained. Upon the entry of it, the complainants in the suit were entitled to a direct and immediate performance of it. It did not leave them in a position where it' would be necessary, in order to realize the benefits of it, for them to institute some new proceeding in that court, or any other; nor were they under any liability to be brought into a. fur — 567 — ther controversy, at the instance of any party to that suit, for the purpose of having their rights in respect to the subject-matter of the decree overhauled and readjudica ted. There would be no finality in the judgment and decrees of courts, if, when the rights of parlies are settled by' express adjudication, they can be thus reexamined, modified, or made conditional upon further litigalion. As will be seen upon reference to the opinion of this court in the case of Railroad Co. v. Evans, 14 C. C. A. 116, 66 Fed. 809, Judge Lurton, in delivering the opinion of the court, examined and considered the legal character and effect of the replevy bonds under the statutes and decisions in Tennessee, and, quoting the cases of Kuhn v. Spellacy, 3 Lea, 278; Ward v. Kent, 6 Lea, 131; Green v. Lanier, 3 Heisk. 662; Larry v. Frayser, 10 Heisk. 217, — expressly declared (page 826, 66 Fed., and page 116, 14 C. C. A.): “We hold that this bond must be regarded as a bond ol‘ the second class, and that Us penalty Is for double the value of the property attached. The proper decree is for 1ho peimlgv of the bond, to be discharged upon the delivery of the property replevied. Inasmuch as the value is not; specifically stsited in the bond, it may, as was done in Kuhn v. Spellacy, supra (no reference having been asked below), be assumed that the value was one-half the penalty of the bond, or §4.500. By the payment ot that sum, with interest from the date of the bond, the decree may be discharged.” And further: “It was intimated in Kuhn v. Spellacy, supra, that it was perhaps unnecessary to recite in the decree that it might be satisfied by a return of file property, as the right accrues under the statute itself. However this might he if tills proceeding was in the state court, it is clearly right that the decree should be so modified as to permit the appellants to satisfy the decree by returning the property replevied. This they may do, provided the property shall be placed In the custody and possession of the circuit court within thirty days after that court shall modify the decree as hereby directed.” And the decree of the court below was subsequently modified accordingly, and the rights of the parties became thereby fixed, and it was not competent to take any action in the circuit court which would contravene or further modify them. This has always been the rule in the supreme court of the Kniled Stales, and lias always been acted upon, not only in that court, but in the Knifed States circuit courts of appeals, which have succeeded to a pan of the jurisdiction of the supreme court. Bee, among other cases, Humphrey v. Baker, 103 U. S. 736; Caines v. Rugg, 148 U. S. 238, 13 Sup. Ct. 611; Railway Co. v. Anderson, 149 U. S. 237, 13 Sup. Ct. 843. Many of the cases are collected In the opinion of this court delivered by Judge .Lurton on the second appeal of a cast' (Bissell Carpet-Sweeper Co. v. Goshen Sweeper Co. of Grand Rapids, 72 Fed. 345), where the rule was held to apply to (he case of a mandate sent down to the circuit court upon the affirmance of an interlocutory decree for an injunction. But it is contended that the court below having the properly which had been replevied in the Evans Case already in ii.s possession and control, by' virtue of its authority over the receiver in the foreclosure ease brought by the Geni ral Trust Company of Xew York, (he obligation of the replevy bond was substantially per — 568 — formed, for that, in effect, the property was so situated that it could be transferred by mere direction of the court. But this proposition is wholly unsound. The possession of the property which the court’s receiver had in the Central Trust Company's Case was a possession for the purposes and objects of that suit. It had been seized by virtue of the lien of the mortgages, and the possession which had been taken was for the purpose of enforcing the lien; and so long as that possession is maintained, and for such purpose, it is a fallacy to say that it has been returned and exposed to an execution on Evans’ judgment. No action whatever has been taken by the court, or moved by any party, for the purpose of turning the property over; but, on the contrary, it is claimed and insisted by the receiver in the foreclosure case, who undoubtedly represents the interest of the Central Trust Company in this respect, that this replevied property now in his possession is indispensably necessary to the operations of the road, with which he is charged, and that an irreparable injury would be caused if he were to be dispossessed of that property. It comes to this: that the replevied property has not been returned into the custody and possession of the court for the purposes of the Evans suit, and for the satisfaction of his decree; that no attempt has been made to. bring this about, and there is plainly no purpose to do it. Under the statute of Tennessee describing the character of replevy bonds in attachment cases, as construed by the supreme court of the state, the obligors are bound to surrender the property itself, and are not in a position to say, when called upon to do so, that the property was, at the time of the giving of the bond, subject to a lien in their own favor, in virtue of which they have since seized, and will now hold, it. In order to assert the rights which they had by way of lien, they must resort to other remedies than that of giving a replevy bond. Having taken this course, they must abide their obligation. It has been distinctly held that they cannot set up in answer to their obligation a right to the property in some third person, or in themselves (Smyth v. Barbee, 9 Lea, 173; Cheatham v. Calloway, 7 Heisk. 678; Stephens v. Iron Co., 11 Heisk. 712); and the stipulation in these bonds could not be satisfied by the tender of a mere right of redemption, which has, in substance and effect, already expired, or ceased to be of any value. It is unnecessary to pursue the subject further. The order of the court denying the injunction was clearly right, and it must be affirmed. It is so ordered.