United States v. Consolidation Coal Co.

ORDER In United States v. Consolidation Coal Co., 560 F.2d 214 (6th Cir. 1977), vacated and remanded -— U.S.-, 98 S.Ct. 2841, 56 L.Ed.2d 783 (1978), this court reversed the district court’s suppression of evidence seized from the offices of a coal mine operator. We reasoned that the district court erred in applying conventional criminal probable cause tests in examining the sufficiency of the search warrants involved. We upheld the warrants based upon “a lesser showing of probable cause comparable to that required to obtain a warrant to perform a periodic, administrative inspection of a commercial establishment.” 560 F.2d at 218. Three defendants petitioned the Supreme Court for writs of certiorari. In response thereto, the Supreme Court vacated our judgment and remanded the causes to this Court “for further consideration in light of Marshall v. Barlow’s, Inc., 436 U.S. - [, 98 S.Ct. 1816, 56 L.Ed.2d 305] (1978) and Michigan v. Tyler, 436 U.S.-[, 98 S.Ct. 1942, 56 L.Ed.2d 486] (1978).” Inasmuch as the searches in question were conducted pursuant to search warrants and we have determined that the warrants met the same administrative search probable cause standard articulated in Marshall1 and Tyler,2 we see no reason to alter our original holding. Moreover, our holding that administrative search warrants were required under the facts of this case under the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 is fully consistent with the holding in Marshall that administrative search warrants are required under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Therefore, it is hereby ordered that the prior judgment of this court be reinstated for the reasons set forth in our original opinion, 560 F.2d 214, and the judgment of the district court is reversed and the causes are remanded for further proceedings consistent with that opinion. Judge Engel concurs, but for the more limited reasons expressed in his original concurrence. See 560 F.2d at 222. Footnotes [1] Marshall v. Barlow’s, Inc., 436 U.S. -, ---, 98 S.Ct. 1816, 56 L.Ed.2d 305 (1978). [2] Michigan v. Tyler, 436 U.S.-,-n. 5 & -, 98 S.Ct. 1942, 56 L.Ed.2d 486 (1978).