P Wanco v. Dairyland Ins

1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 PETER WANCO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellant, 4 v. NO. 29,009 5 DAIRYLAND INSURANCE COMPANY, 6 Defendant-Appellee. 7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SANTA FE COUNTY 8 James A. Hall, District Judge 9 Alexander Wold & Associate, PC 10 Alexander A. Wold, Jr. 11 Albuquerque, NM 12 for Appellant 13 Miller Stratvert PA 14 Scott P. Hatcher 15 Christopher Tebo 16 Santa Fe, NM 17 for Appellee 18 MEMORANDUM OPINION 19 CASTILLO, Judge. 20 Plaintiff appeals an order denying his motion for summary judgment and 1 granting summary judgment in favor of Defendant. [DS 3, RP 111] Our notice 2 proposed to affirm based on the absence of a genuine question of material fact. 3 Plaintiff responded with a memorandum in opposition. We have considered 4 Plaintiff’s arguments but are not persuaded. We affirm. 5 Summary judgment under Rule 1-056 NMRA is appropriate when the moving 6 party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law upon clear and undisputed facts. Rule 7 1-056. On appeal, we examine the whole record for any evidence that places a 8 genuine issue of material fact in dispute, and balance our determination in support of 9 the parties’ right to a trial on the issues. Rummel v. Lexington Ins. Co., [10] 1997-NMSC-041, ¶ 15 , 123 N.M. 752 , 945 P.2d 970 (internal quotation marks and 11 citation omitted). If genuine controversy as to material facts exists, the case should 12 proceed to trial. State ex rel. Udall v. Colonial Penn Ins. Co., 112 N.M. 123, 128 , 812 13 P.2d 777 , 782 (1991). The standard of review on appeal from summary judgment is 14 de novo. See Martin v. W. Am. Ins. Co., 1999-NMCA-158, ¶ 11 , 128 N.M. 446 , 993 15 P.2d 763 . 16 Plaintiff was riding his motorcycle and had to change lanes quickly because of 17 an abrupt lane closure due to road construction. [DS 1] When he changed lanes, he 18 encountered gravel in the road, causing him to lose control of his bike and crash. [RP 19 57-61] He was injured and his bike was damaged. [RP 57-61] Plaintiff surmised the [2] 1 only way the gravel could have gotten onto the road is from an unknown vehicle’s 2 unsecured load and sought coverage from his insurance company under the Uninsured 3 and Unknown Motorist Act. NMSA 1978, § 66-5-301 (1983). [RP 2] 4 Plaintiff argues on appeal that the genuine issue of material fact is whether an 5 unknown motorist deposited the gravel in the road. [DS 3] Plaintiff testified in a 6 deposition that at the time of the accident, gravel was present on the road in one lane, 7 and his testimony was corroborated by the investigating officer. [DS 2] The evidence 8 that gravel was present is undisputed. 9 Plaintiff claims the only possible source of the gravel is an unknown vehicle. 10 [DS 3] However, there is no evidence of any such vehicle. In our cases, we have 11 required that for a plaintiff to recover, there must be some evidence that another 12 vehicle was the cause of the injury. Britt v. Phoenix Indem. Ins. Co., 120 N.M. 813 , 13 817-18, 907 P.2d 994, 998-99 (1995). The New Mexico Uninsured and Unknown 14 Motorist Act does not give rise to liability without fault. Id. at 818 , 907 P.2d at 999 . 15 Although the language of the act is interpreted liberally, it is not intended to provide 16 coverage in every uncompensated situation and, absent a clear statutory provision to 17 the contrary, it may not negate reasonable and unambiguous policy limitations. State 18 Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Marquez, 2001-NMCA-053, ¶ 6 , 130 N.M. 591 , 28 P.3d 19 1132 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). [3] 1 Plaintiff argues that Defendant has not provided any evidence to conclusively 2 disprove the argument that the gravel was spilled onto the road by a passing motorist. 3 [MIO 4] We review the whole record in the light most favorable to support the right 4 to trial on the merits. Hutcherson v. Dawn Trucking Co., 107 N.M. 358, 360 , 758 5 P.2d 308, 310 (Ct. App. 1988). However, once a defendant movant meets the initial 6 burden of negating at least one of the essential elements upon which a plaintiff’s 7 claims are grounded, the burden shifts to plaintiff to come forward with admissible 8 evidence to establish each required element of the claim. Blauwkamp v. Univ. of N.M. 9 Hosp., 114 N.M. 228, 231-32 , 836 P.2d 1249, 1252-53 (Ct. App. 1992). Here, 10 Defendant has shown Plaintiff cannot prove the essential element of fault, [RP 84-90] 11 and it is now up to the Plaintiff to provide some evidence that a negligent, unknown 12 or uninsured driver was the source of the gravel. 13 In his memorandum in opposition, Plaintiff provides no New Mexico authority 14 to support his argument that he is entitled to recover under the New Mexico Uninsured 15 and Unknown Motorist Act. He cites to an Alabama case upholding a jury’s 16 determination that an insurance company was liable under an uninsured motorist 17 statute where an accident was caused by gravel and there was no direct testimony 18 concerning how the gravel came to be on the roadway. Alfa Mut. Ins. Co. v. Beard, [19] 597 So. 2d 664, 666 (1992). [4] 1 In Alfa, the court stated that although there was no evidence of how the gravel 2 got onto the road, the jury’s finding of defendant insurance company’s liability meant 3 that it had determined an unknown vehicle must have been responsible for the 4 presence of gravel on the road. Although there was evidence that trucks were carrying 5 asphalt in the vicinity on the date of the accident, the jury could have reasonably 6 concluded, based on the testimony, that an asphalt truck was not in fact the source of 7 the gravel. Id. 8 Our case is similar to Alfa in that there is no evidence of how the gravel got 9 onto the road, however, it differs in that we are not reviewing a jury’s determination 10 of the weight of the evidence. Here, Plaintiff has not, in the preliminary stages of 11 litigation, implicated any vehicle as possibly being at fault. There can be no question 12 of fact because there is no evidence presented. “[A]n adverse party may not rest upon 13 the mere allegations or denials of his pleading, but . . . must set forth specific facts 14 showing there is a genuine issue for trial.” Peck v. Title USA Ins. Corp., 108 N.M. 30 , 15 32, 766 P.2d 290, 292 (1988). 16 Plaintiff also cites to out-of-state authority to support his argument that he has 17 ruled out all possible sources of the gravel other than an unknown vehicle carrying an 18 improperly secured load of gravel. [MIO 3-4] Plaintiff points us to a Nebraska case 19 where the parties established a prima facie case that third parties must have opened [5] 1 a grain trailer by refuting theories that either they left it open themselves or cattle 2 opened the trailer. Ditloff v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 406 N.W.2d 101 , 105-06 3 (1987). Plaintiff in our case has neither presented evidence that an unknown vehicle 4 was the source of the gravel nor provided evidence that would preclude all other 5 possible sources of gravel on the road. 6 Plaintiff argues that the circumstantial evidence points to the involvement of a 7 vehicle. [MIO 2-3] He states that because gravel was in one lane and not the other, 8 it could not have been deposited by water; the volume of gravel rules out wind; and 9 the affidavit of the construction company precludes the construction vehicles as a 10 source. [MIO 3] However, the testimony shows only that gravel was present in one 11 lane. [DS 1-2, RP 60] There is no allegation of a vehicle at fault, and no evidence is 12 likely to be presented at trial to show the existence of a vehicle carrying an unsecured 13 load of gravel. Even viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to a trial on the 14 merits, we cannot say that there is a triable issue of fact that an unknown motorist was 15 at fault. 16 Repeated assertions by the Plaintiff that an unknown vehicle can be the only 17 source are insufficient to create a material issue of fact. No facts in the record can be 18 considered legally sufficient to establish fault on the part of a vehicle. As a result, 19 Plaintiff cannot, as a matter of law, establish fault under the Unknown or Uninsured [6] 1 Motorist Act, therefore, cannot establish liability, and the district court did not err in 2 granting Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. See State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. 3 Co. v. Baldonado, 2003-NMCA-096, ¶ 16 , 134 N.M. 197 , 75 P.3d 413 . 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 ________________________________ 6 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Judge 7 WE CONCUR: 8 ________________________________ 9 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge 10 ________________________________ 11 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge