State v. T Jernigan

1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellee, 4 v. No. 28,835 5 TREMAINE JERNIGAN, 6 Defendant-Appellant. 7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF OTERO COUNTY 8 James Waylon Counts, District Judge 9 Gary K. King, Attorney General 10 Santa Fe, NM 11 for Appellee 12 Robert E. Tangora, L.L.C. 13 Robert E. Tangora 14 Santa Fe, NM 15 for Appellant 16 MEMORANDUM OPINION 17 SUTIN, Chief Judge. 18 Defendant appeals an amended judgment and sentence. [RP 441] Defendant 19 relies on State v. Frawley, 2007-NMSC-057 , 143 N.M. 7 , 172 P.3d 144 , to argue that 20 the court could not aggravate his sentence. Our notice proposed to affirm. Defendant 1 has filed a memorandum in opposition. We are not persuaded that the analysis in our 2 notice is incorrect, and we affirm. 3 BACKGROUND 4 In 2002, Defendant was convicted of second degree murder (Count I), 5 attempted second degree murder (Count II), and tampering with evidence (Count III). 6 [RP 314] Ultimately, in 2006, our Supreme Court reversed his conviction on Count 7 II and remanded for a new trial on that count. See State v. Jernigan, 2006-NMSC- 8 003, ¶ 29, 139 N.M. 1 , 127 P.3d 537 . During that appeal, Defendant argued that the 9 court could not aggravate his sentence. The Court applied its decision in State v. 10 Lopez, 2005-NMSC-036 , 138 N.M. 521 , 123 P.3d 754 , and concluded that 11 Defendant’s sentence was properly enhanced. See Jernigan, 2006-NMSC-003 , ¶ 28. 12 In 2007, however, our Supreme Court changed its position and ruled that our 13 aggravation statute, NMSA 1978, § 31-18-15.1 (1993), was unconstitutional. See 14 Frawley, 2007-NMSC-057, ¶¶ 23-33 . 15 After remand, Defendant’s case was placed back on the docket for retrial of 16 Count II, but in December 2007 the State decided not to prosecute Count II. [RP 438] 17 On July 9, 2008, the court then entered an amended judgment and sentence on Counts 18 I and III. [RP 441] The court aggravated Counts I and III, using the same findings [2] 1 it had used in the original judgment and sentence filed in 2002. [Compare RP 315 2 with RP 442] Defendant argued that the court could not do so. He argued that 3 because the amended judgment and sentence was filed in 2008, he is entitled to the 4 benefit of Frawley and therefore his sentence cannot be aggravated by the court. 5 DISCUSSION 6 A. Supreme Court mandate 7 We hold that aggravation of Counts I and III is proper because the Supreme 8 Court affirmed those convictions and the aggravation of those counts. See Jernigan, [9] 2006-NMSC-003 , ¶¶ 1, 29. Accordingly, after the opinion and mandate issued in 10 Jernigan, the district court had no authority to rule otherwise. See Romo v. Raton 11 Coca Cola Co., 96 N.M. 765, 768 , 635 P.2d 320 (Ct. App. 1981) (“The district court 12 has only such jurisdiction as the opinion and mandate of the appellate court specifies.” 13 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)). For this reason alone, affirmance is 14 appropriate. 15 B. Prospective application of Frawley 16 There is an additional reason why we hold that the aggravation of Counts I and 17 III is proper. Frawley applies prospectively. See Frawley, 2007-NMSC-057 , ¶¶ 34- 18 44. Prospective application generally means the new rule applies only to cases [3] 1 pending on direct appeal or to cases pending in the district court. See Santillanes v. 2 State, 115 N.M. 215, 225 , 849 P.2d 358, 368 (1993) (stating that a new interpretation 3 of law would apply to cases pending on appeal in which the relevant issue had been 4 raised); State v. Ulibarri, 1999-NMCA-142, ¶ 24 , 128 N.M. 546 , 994 P.2d 1164 5 (limiting new ruling to cases currently pending and untried in the Second Judicial 6 District), aff’d, State v. Ulibarri, 2000-NMSC-007 , 128 N.M. 686 , 997 P.2d 818 . 7 In 2008, when the amended judgment and sentence was filed, Defendant’s case 8 was not pending on direct appeal. Even if we were to apply Frawley to cases pending 9 in district court, Defendant would not be entitled to the benefit of Frawley. Counts 10 I and III were final in 2006 and were not pending in the district court in 2007 when 11 Frawley was decided. Therefore, applying Frawley to those counts would constitute 12 an impermissible, retroactive application. Only Count II was pending in district court 13 in 2007. Defendant may be correct that if, on retrial, he had been convicted and 14 sentenced on Count II, that count could not be aggravated. That, however, is not the 15 issue before us. 16 In his memorandum, Defendant argues that his “case” was not final when 17 Frawley was decided. He relies on State v. Rogers, 93 N.M. 519, 521 , 602 P.2d 616 , 18 618 (1979), which states that cases are finalized only when “there has been a judgment [4] 1 of conviction, sentence, and exhaustion of rights of appeal.” (Internal quotation 2 marks and citation omitted). He argues that his case was not finalized because Count 3 II was pending on retrial. [MIO 3] 4 We reject Defendant’s argument because it ignores the important procedural 5 distinctions between Counts I and III, and Count II. In 2007, when Frawley was 6 decided, Counts I and III—the counts that were aggravated—were final. Those two 7 counts and the corresponding sentence had been affirmed by the Supreme Court, 8 mandate had issued, and the right of appeal as to those counts had been exhausted. 9 Consequently, we disagree with Defendant that, under Rogers, those two counts were 10 not final. 11 If Defendant is arguing that under Rogers his sentence was not final, and 12 therefore Frawley would apply, we also disagree. Defendant is correct that the 13 amended sentence had not been entered in 2007, but that was only because the case 14 was pending retrial on Count II. As a practical matter, an amended sentence would 15 only be entered after resolution of Count II. But we disagree that this practical 16 consideration would trump the procedural fact that the Supreme Court had affirmed 17 his convictions and sentence on Counts I and III. As we have discussed, those counts 18 were final and Defendant’s right to appeal those convictions and the corresponding [5] 1 sentence was exhausted. As to those two counts, nothing remained to be done except 2 to incorporate the affirmed convictions and corresponding sentences into any 3 judgment and sentence entered after Count II was resolved. The fact that Count II 4 remained pending and that an amended judgment and sentence could not be entered 5 until Count II was finally resolved, does not transform Counts I and III into counts 6 that were pending in 2007. Nor do we believe that it would transform the entire case 7 into a pending case, such that Frawley would apply prospectively. 8 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s amended judgment and 9 sentence. 10 IT IS SO ORDERED. 11 __________________________________ 12 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Chief Judge 13 WE CONCUR: 14 _________________________________ 15 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge 16 _________________________________ 17 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge