State v. Vine

This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports. Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the filing date. 1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellee, 4 v. NO. 32,253 5 ELGIN VINE, 6 Defendant-Appellant. 7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY 8 Mark Terrence Sanchez, District Judge 9 Gary K. King, Attorney General 10 Santa Fe, NM 11 for Appellee 12 Bennett J. Baur, Acting Chief Public Defender 13 Will O’Connell, Assistant Appellate Defender 14 Santa Fe, NM 15 for Appellant 16 MEMORANDUM OPINION 1 CASTILLO, Judge. 2 Defendant appeals from the amended judgment and sentence. This Court’s first 3 calendar notice proposed to affirm the district court. Defendant filed a memorandum 4 in opposition to the proposed disposition. We are not persuaded by Defendant’s 5 arguments, and affirm the judgment and sentence. 6 Defendant continues to argue, pursuant to Franklin and Boyer, that the State 7 failed to present sufficient evidence on the cause of death because the State failed to 8 qualify an expert pathologist to testify concerning the autopsy of the deceased and the 9 cause of death. See State v. Franklin, 78 N.M. 127, 129 , 428 P.2d 982, 984 (1967); 10 State v. Boyer, 103 N.M. 655, 658-60 , 712 P.2d 1, 4-6 (Ct. App. 1985) (stating that 11 on appeal, defense counsel has the duty to advance a defendant’s non-meritorious 12 contentions). [MIO 10] As stated in the first calendar notice, we do not agree with 13 Defendant’s interpretation of State v. Sosa, 2000-NMSC-036 , 129 N.M. 767 , 14 P.3d 14 32, and are not persuaded by Defendant’s arguments. Defendant failed to point to any 15 factual or legal errors with this Court’s proposed disposition. See State v. Mondragon, — 16 — 107 N.M. 421, 423 , 759 P.2d 1003, 1005 (Ct. App. 1988) (stating that a party 17 responding to a summary calendar notice must come forward and specifically point 18 out errors of law and fact, and the repetition of earlier arguments does not fulfill this 19 requirement). Therefore, we affirm on the sufficiency of the evidence to support — 2 — 1 Defendant’s conviction for second degree murder. 2 Defendant also continues to argue that the district court erred in denying his 3 tender for a jury instruction on imperfect self-defense. “Imperfect self-defense occurs 4 when an individual uses excessive force while otherwise lawfully engaging in 5 self-defense.” State v. Henley, 2010-NMSC-039, ¶ 20 , 148 N.M. 359 , 237 P.3d 103 . 6 Therefore, to be entitled to an instruction on imperfect defense, Defendant has to 7 present sufficient evidence to warrant an instruction on self-defense. This Court’s 8 first notice proposed to hold that no reasonable man could believe that Defendant was 9 in such immediate danger that it would justify him in approaching the door where the 10 deceased was standing and firing his gun at the door. See State v. Reneau, 111 N.M. 11 217, 219, 804 P.2d 408, 410 (Ct. App. 1990) (“The inquiry in a self-defense claim 12 focuses on the reasonableness of [the] defendant’s belief as to the apparent necessity 13 for the force used to repel an attack.”); see also State v. Abeyta, 120 N.M. 233, 239 , — 14 — 901 P.2d 164, 170 (1995) (enumerating the requirements of self-defense), abrogated 15 on other grounds by State v. Campos, 1996-NMSC-043 , 122 N.M. 148 , 921 P.2d 16 1266. 17 Defendant does not dispute the facts relied upon in this Court’s first notice of 18 proposed disposition, but emphasizes the fact that the deceased had shot at him the 19 week before when the two exchanged heated words. [MIO 1] Defendant argues that — 3 — 1 what occurred the day of the shooting, coupled with the deceased’s recent armed 2 attack on him, supported his statement that he believed he was the victim of an 3 ambush. [MIO 5] Nevertheless, the claim of self-defense may fail if the defendant 4 was the aggressor or instigator of the conflict. UJI 14-5191 NMRA (stating that self5 defense ordinarily is not a defense available to the first aggressor); see State v. 6 Chavez, 99 N.M. 609, 611 , 661 P.2d 887, 889 (1983). 7 Defendant provoked an encounter with the deceased by stopping in front of the 8 house when beckoned by the neighbor, Mr. Ester, and getting out of the car even 9 though Defendant suspected it was an ambush. [MIO 1, 5] Because Defendant got 10 a gun, approached the house where the deceased was standing behind the door, and 11 fired shots toward the door, he instigated a confrontation. Cf. State v. Emmons, 200712 NMCA-082, ¶ 13, 141 N.M. 875 , 161 P.3d 920 (holding that the defendant instigated 13 the encounter with repo men who had already left the property with his truck when the 14 defendant got a gun, got in his truck, and drove to look for the repo men). Before 15 Defendant got out his car and armed himself with a gun, there was no appearance of 16 immediate danger of death or great bodily harm to him by the deceased. See State v. 17 Lucero, 1998-NMSC-044, ¶ 9 , 126 N.M. 552 , 972 P.2d 1143 (holding that the 18 defendant was not entitled to a self-defense instruction despite the fact that he had 19 been shot at by one in a group of three people earlier that day, where his provocative — 4 — 1 acts of later that day obtaining a gun, waiting for, then following the group to a vacant 2 lot, brandishing a deadly weapon, and shooting into the air instigated a confrontation 3 with the group). All that Defendant observed was that Mr. Ester waved them over, 4 then quickly walked away, and that the front door to Mr. Ester’s house had been left 5 ajar. [MIO 2] Nevertheless, despite his suspicions from the beginning that it was an 6 ambush, it was Defendant who made the choice to get out of his car and get a gun, 7 walk toward the house, and shoot toward the door where the deceased was standing. 8 “This is not defensive, rather, an offensive use of deadly force which is not justified.” 9 Emmons, 2007-NMCA-082, ¶ 13 . Therefore, we hold that Defendant was not entitled 10 to a jury instruction on imperfect self-defense. See State v. Brown, 1996-NMSC-073 , 11 ¶ 34, 122 N.M. 724 , 931 P.2d 69 (stating that a defendant is only entitled to jury 12 instructions on his theory of the case if there is evidence to support the instruction). 13 Lastly, Defendant continues to argue that the State’s laser photographs were 14 irrelevant and overly prejudicial because the jury could not interpret them without 15 speculation. [MIO 11] Defendant did not raise factual or legal errors with this 16 Court’s proposed disposition. See Mondragon, 107 N.M. at 423 , 759 P.2d at 1005 17 (stating that a party responding to a summary calendar notice must come forward and 18 specifically point out errors of law and fact, and the repetition of earlier arguments 19 does not fulfill this requirement). Nor has Defendant shown how this evidence — 5 — 1 prejudiced him, particularly in light of the evidence from eye witnesses who saw 2 Defendant shoot at the door where the deceased was standing. See In re Ernesto M., 3 Jr., 1996-NMCA-039 , ¶ 10, 121 N.M. 562 , 915 P.2d 318 (“An assertion of prejudice 4 is not a showing of prejudice.”). Defendant failed to demonstrate how the 5 photographic evidence prejudiced him resulting in an erroneous conviction for second 6 degree murder. “In the absence of prejudice, there is no reversible error.” State v. 7 Fernandez, 117 N.M. 673, 677 , 875 P.2d 1104 , 1108 (Ct. App. 1994). 8 For the foregoing reasons, and those stated in the first notice of proposed 9 disposition, we affirm the judgment and sentence. 10 IT IS SO ORDERED. 11 __________________________________ 12 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Chief Judge 13 WE CONCUR: 14 __________________________________ 15 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge — 6 — 1 __________________________________ 2 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge — 7 —