Lord Electric Co. v. United States

Parentheticals

• "Interpreting 'commencement of infringement' as the time when the first act of infringement in a series of ongoing discrete infringements occurs ... would best promote the early registration of a copyright. It would strongly encourage prompt registration."

  Johnson v. Jones

• “Interpreting ‘commencement of infringement’ as the time when the first act of infringement in a series of ongoing discrete infringements occurs ... would best promote the early registration of a copyright. It would strongly encourage prompt registration.”

  Johnson v. Jones

• despite lack of evidence of direct source code copying, copyright infringement found because protection extends to structure, sequence, and organization of program

  Manufacturers Technologies, Inc. v. Cams, Inc.

• “Where there are various means of achieving the desired purpose, then the particular means chosen is not necessary to the purpose; hence, there is expression, not idea.”

  Runstadler Studios, Inc. v. MCM Ltd. Partnership

• copyright in computer program extends beyond literal codes to protect structure, sequence and organization

  Allen-Myland, Inc. v. International Business MacHines Corp.