Peters v. Active Mfg. Co.

Mr. Justice Blatohford delivered -the opinion of the court. This is 'a suit in equity, brought in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of Ohio, by George M. Peters against The Active Manufacturing Company, a corporation, founded on the alleged infringement of letters patent No. 281,553, granted to said Peters, July-17, 1883, on ah application filed December 7,1880, for an “ improvement in dies for making dash-frames.” A dash-frame is made of metal, and is to be used in constructing a.- dash-board for a carriage or other vehicle. The defences set up -in the answer are want of novelty, non-infringement, and also that the devices described and claimed in the patent .were, before the alleged invention, thereof by Peters, old and well-known in forging, welding, and other metal-working, and that it required no invention to'apply or adapt such devices to the old form a r d construction of dash-frames. Issue was joined, proofs, were taken, and the Circuit Court, in its decree, found that the patent whs “ void for want *627 of invention,” and dismissed the bill. We concur in that conclusion. ( The-specification of the patent says: “The principal object of my invention is to provide an efficient and useful method of welding the end bars of a metal dash-frame to the bottom rail, and a method by which the bottom rail of the dash is strengthened at the weld and at the pqrtion of. said, rail to. which the dash-foot is to be attached. Another object of my invention is to provide a means by which a recess is- formed in the bottom rail, preparatory to punching said rail, to receive the bolt or other attachment which secures the • dash-foot to the bottom rail, the operation of forming the recess being performed at the same time that the end-bar is welded to the bottom rail.” The entire operation set forth in the specification, of welding the bars to the rail, of strengthening the bottom rail of-the dash, and of forming a recess in the bottom rail at the same time that the welding is done, is described in the specification as effected by one and the same simtiltanepus actiqn of two opposing dies, an upper die and a- lower die, placed face to face. The dies are provided with channels or .depressions, one, a, to receive the end-bar of the frame, and the other, a', to receive the bottom rail, the channels, a a', of -one die coinciding with like channels in the other die, when the two dies are placed together. From the bottom of the depressions a1 in the two dies .rise tongues, a2, which, like the depressions a, coincide with eachj other when the two dies-are placed together,, the tongues preferably not rising quite to the face, of the dies,so that, when the dies are placed together, a slight space, is left between the two tongues. The specification also states that, preferably, the tongues a2 are so formed that wheri the dies are placed together the tongues will approach closer to each other at that portion of themselves which forms that part of the web in the lower bar which is to be punched' through to receive the bojt or.other device by which the dash-frame is connected to the foot, or vehiclé, than at any other point; in other Words, the face of the tongues is. inclined. The object of such a formation of the tongues is stated in the. speck *628 fication.to be, to.gmake the web left in the bottom rail thinner in that portion of such rail where perforations are to be made to" récei'vé the bolts which secure the dash-foot to the frame, the web being in other portions preferably left óf a uniform thickness; and one of the objects of thus making the' web thin is to enable it to be • more readily punched or otherwise perforated. ' By means of those dies a recess, is formed in either side of the bottom rail, which recess' corresponds with the tongues a2 of the dies." : The four claims of the patent are as follows: “1. The combination, substantially as set "forth, of "the two dies having opposing angularly-joined depressions, a »', and a tongue, a2, in the depression a' of either or both dies. 2. The Combination, substantially as set forth, of the two dies having opposing angularly-joined depressions, a a', "and a tongue, a2, in the depression a2 of either or both dies, the depressions »• deepening toward their junctions with "the ’depressions ». 3.. The combination, Substantially as 'before set. forth, of the dies having opposing angularly-jbined depressions, » »', and a tongue, »2, in either’or both of the said depressions, the face of said tongue or tongues béing inclih'ed. 4. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the dies having opposing angularlyjoined'depressions, a a', and. a tongue, a2, 'in either or both of the said depressions,"the depressions a' deepening toward their junctions with the depressions.», and the face of the tongue or t Migues being inclined.” The whole' of this alleged invention is based upon the .idea, old and well known, that a. metallic "die, whether of a cameo or intaglio form, will, when impressed upon a 'piece of heated or yielding metal, leave the'.latter of the converse forth of the die, and that, when two dies aré brought together over a piece of heated of yielding metal, the latter will . take the shape of 'the.space existing between" the contours of. the two dies.- It as "an inevitable consequence of the use of two dies "in such a way, on two pieces of metal" of proper size, heated to. a weld,-ing heat, that swaging or wéldirtg will take place by the •impact of the dies; that, when the "dies have tongues and depressions in them, the metal acted on by such tongues and de *629 pressions'will take the shape, in form and thickness, of the space left between the tongues or the depressions; and that a greater or less thickness of metal will be the result as the face . of the tongues is more or léss inclined. • All this was old: and common knowledge, and the whole- of the operation resulting from such features is nothing but the welhknown action of two dies so shaped as to give the. desired -conformation to the article acted upon by them.' ... .If it was desired to preserve a channel'in the bottom, rail, of the dash-frame, when the. bottom rail was made of channelled iron, it was obvious, and not a matter of invention, that -the die must be provided with a tongue to fit into the channel, to prevent the filling up of- the channel by the forcing into it of metal by the action of the dies in welding the. two pieces together. So, too, if it was desirable to make the welded parts thicker, and thus stronger, at the angle formed by -the end-bar. and the bottom rail, it was obvious that, the bottoms, of the recesses in the dies must' be deepened at such angle. • That is all there is of the alleged invention of Peters. It appears from the testimony that it was not new, at the time of such alleged invention, to use channelled iron in making dash-frames'; or new to weld channelled iron to flat or oval • bars of iron; or new to use dies for. swaging lor welding together two pieces of iron. All that remained to. be. done in: the present case, as in other cases, was to adapt the form -of • the dies to the shape desired in the article to be acted upon by them. Dies which, act upon two pieces, of-metal which are capable of being welded to each other, and which are brought to a welding heat, necessarily, will weld • them together by the impact and action of the dies.. There is-.no. patentable inyention in securing such result of .welding or swaging, if ■ there be no patentable invention in the construction and use of the dies to produce a given shape in -the. article acted upon by them! The decree of- the Circuit Court is Affirmed.