Sims v. Jackson

WASHINGTON, Circuit Justice. As I entirely concur in the opinion given by the judge of the district court, upon this question, and for the reasons assigned by him, I deem it unnecessary to discuss the subject much at large. It is admitted, that no decision is to be met with in the English courts, precisely like the present; nor have we any municipal regulations, which govern the case. We must, therefore. resort to those marine laws, which have always been acknowledged as authority in England, as well as in most of the European commercial nations; unless, where they have been altered, or modified, by the laws of particular states; but which alterations are binding only on such states. The seventh article of the laws of Oleron declares; that, if a mariner be taken sick on the voyage, he ought to be put on shore, and care should be taken of him at the expense of the ship. When the vessel is ready to sail, she is not to wait for him; but, still, he is to be entitled to his full [184] wages, if hie recover; and if lie does not, his wife, or next of kin. is to have them; deducting only such charges as the master has been at for him. Now, the only questions in this case are, first; did the mariner die on the voyage? and, second; does the expression, “full wages,” in the above article, mean such as he had earned by his services, to the time of his .death, or such as he would have earned, had he lived and served out the whole voyage to Philadelphia? Most unquestionably, the deceased was bound by his contract to perform the whole voyage, which is described in the articles to be, from Philadelphia to Batavia, and back again; and he would have forfeited the whole, had he deserted the ship, at any time previous to the vessel’s return to Philadelphia. I agree with the judge of the district court, that the stipulation to pay wages by the month, does not break the entirety of the contract for the voyage, but only furnishes a rule to adjust the quantum for the voyage. It protects the owners against an overpayment in consequence of a short voyage; and the mariner against the risk of receiving too little, in case of a long one. It prevents either from speculating upon the other, by accommodating the reward to the length of service. 2d. Does the expression, “full wages,” apply to what would have been due, if the mariner had seived out the entire voyage; or, are we to limit it to such as have been earned by services performed? If a certain sum for the voyage be agreed upon, that sum would constitute the full wages, and is distinguishable from no wages at all [as in case of 6 Term B. 320, Cutter v. Powell], 2 as where they have been forfeited, by the misconduct of the mariner; or wages pro rata, where they have been partly earned, and are not forfeited. But, every doubt with respect to the meaning of these expressions, is cleared away by the decision in the case of Chandler v. Grieves, 2 H. Black. GOG. note. A mariner was engaged on a voyage from London to Honduras, from thence to Philadelphia, and back to London. The articles were drawn in the usual form, and such I take to be the articles in the case now before us. The mariner being disabled, and totally disqualified from rendering any future service on the voyage, was left at Philadelphia, and the vessel returned to London. The court determined that he was entitled to his full wages, and he accordingly recovered the same wages to which he would have been entitled, had he proceeded with the vessel to London. This ease not only determines a principle, which is, in all its parts, applicable to the present; but it decides, that full wages, mean the aggregate amounts of all the monthly sums, which would have accrued, upon the completion of the voyage. This decision is expressly founded upon the seventh article of the laws of Oleron, which entitles a sick sailor, who is left behind, to full wages; and the same article declares, that what such sick sailor would be entitled to, passes to his widow, or next of kin, in case of his death. I am, therefore, of opinion, that the decree of the district court ought to be affirmed. Footnotes [2] [From 1 Pet. Adm. 157.]