Stotesbury v. United States

Me. Justice Bee wee, after stating the case, delivered the opinion of the court. The Court of Claims decided that the action of Commissioner Pleasonton did not constitute a final award binding the government; and whether it was so or not is the question presented to us for decision. The law under which the Commissioner acted is found in *199 Rev. Stat. § 3220: 1 “ The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, subject- to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, is authorized, on appeal to him made, to remit, refund and pay back all taxes erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, all penalties collected without authority, and all taxes that appear to be unjustly assessed or excessive in amount or in any manner wrongfully collected.” Regulations were prescribed by the Secretary of' the Treasury, the only ones of importance in this case being the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 7th, as follows: “ 3d. When the appeal has been fully heard and examined, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue must put into the case a certificate of his decision or judgment, with the amount in writing which should be paid back. “ 4th. A proper book or docket must be carefully kept in the office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, in which should be entered, under its proper date, the name of the claimant, with the amount of the tax which is the subject of appeal, and the final decision of the said Commissioner. “ 5th. When from time to time and as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in the course of his public duties shall complete his examination and give his judgment on these appeal cases, hé will transmit a weekly list of them to the First Comptroller of the Treasury, together with all the vouchers upon which, as evidence, he rests his decision, as a matter of account,' giving upon the list the proper date, the name of the claimant, and the amount found due each claimant.” “ 7th. Where the case of an appeal involves an amount exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, and before it is finally decided, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue will transmit the case, with the evidence in support of it, to the Secretary of the Treasury for his consideration and.advisement.” It is contended by appellants that the duty of determining whether any, and, if so, how much, shall be returned to claim *200 ants, is committed by section 3220 to the Commissioner; that the Secretary has no revising power; and that the regulations which he may prescribe are in respect to the manner of payment, and cannot determine the procedure to be followed by the Commissioner in hearing and deciding upon claims. It may be conceded that the power of final decision is vested in the Commissioner, and that there is no appeal from him to the Secretary of the Treasury; but without inconsistency the power of decision may be vested in one person, and the ordering of rules of procedure in another. Indeed, in’ ordinary litigation the one is given to the judiciary, -while the other is largely prescribed by the legislature. Here the authority to the Secretary to prescribe regulations is given in full and general terms, and certainly it is a very reasonable regulation that the chief financial officer of the government shall be heard by the Commissioner before a final decision is made. Further, the original internal revenue act, in which by section 44 “the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury,” was authorized to pay back duties erroneously and illegally collected by the government, etc., was enacted on June 30, 1864. 13 Stat. c. 173, pp. 223, 239. These regulations were prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury on January 12,1866, and on July 13, 1866, the internal revenue act was amended, (14 Stat. c. 184, 98, 111,) section 44 being amended by striking out all after the enacting clause, and inserting in lieu thereof that which now appears as section 3220 of the Revised;- Statutes. It might well be held that Congress, having knowledge of the Secretary’s regulations of January, 1866, by reenacting in modified form section 44, approved these regulations, among them the seventh, the one in question. If that be so, of course there could have been no final action by the Commissioner, but only a transmission of the matter to the Secretary for his consideration and advice. But if this be not so, and the regulation be considered as in excess of the authority vested in the Secretary of the Treasury, in that it is an attempt to regulate the procedure before the Commissioner, still it cannot be held that there was a final *201 determination by1 the Commissioner. Whether these regulations were valid or invalid, the Commissioner acted under them, and,, therefore, the meaning and scope of his action must be interpreted'by them. The schedule purports to be transmitted to the Secretary for consideration and advisement, in accordance with the regulations. The certificate .made to. the Secretary repeats the statement. ■ Read in the light of the .seventh regulation, it is as though the Commissioner said: “ I have examined- this claim,'and think it. should be allowed,-but before final decision I. await, your consideration and advisement.” Certainly, if the Commissioner was -waiting- for such consideration and advisement,, he was not making or intending to make a final,decision." Not only is this the plain import of. the language of the schedule, but the further fact that the Commissioner did not comply with either the third, fourth, or fifth regulations emphasizes the correctness of such, construction. He made no formal certificate of his decision' or judg.mént, with the amount in-writing which' should be paid back; no entry of a decision appears in any dockét; - and no list, including this awa-rd, was ,ever transmitted by him to the First Comptroller of the Treasury; and the fifth regulation, surely, is within the competency of the Secretary of ;the Treasury. The facts that he ignored those three provisions, and, that he expressly, adopted the sóventh .regulation as the guide to his procedure, make it perfectly clear that -no final determination was made or intended by Commissioner Pleasonton. . There-* ' fore, the matter was one still pending until the action of Com- • missioner Douglass, on November 9, 1871, rejecting the claim.. ■ The decision of the Court of Claims was right, and its judgment is - - Affirmed. Footnotes [1] See the act of July 13, 1866, 14 Stat. 98, c. 184, p. 98, “ to reduce Internal Taxation and to amend ‘ an act to provide Internal Revenue,’ ” etc. The provision incorporated ’ into Rev. Stat. § 3220 will be found on p. Ill, in section 9.