Outley v. Moir

1 WO MW — 2 — — 3 — — 4 — — 5 — 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA — 8 — 9 Michael Dewayne Outley, Jr., No. CV-19-00019-PHX-JAT (JFM) 10 Plaintiff, ORDER 11 vs. 12 Charles L. Ryan, et al., 13 Defendants. — 14 — 15 Plaintiff Michael Dewayne Outley, Jr., who is confined in the CoreCivic Red Rock 16 Correctional Center (“RRCC”) in Eloy, Arizona, has filed a Motion for Preliminary 17 Injunction (Doc. 69) and Motion for Protective Order (Doc. 71). As follows, Plaintiff’s 18 Motions will be denied. 19 I. Background 20 Plaintiff brought this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on January 2, 21 2019. On January 31, 2019, he filed a First Amended Complaint (Doc. 12) in which he 22 asserts, in part, claims of excessive force, inadequate medical care, and invasion of privacy 23 against Defendants City of Tempe, Tempe Police Department Chief Sylvia Moir, Tempe 24 Police Department Public Liaison Jane/John Doe, and Tempe Police Officers Joseph 25 Kracjer, Joseph Rowan, Tyler Robinson, and Daniel Gaughan.1 26 In a September 24, 2019 Order (Doc. 23), the Court stayed this case pending 27 resolution of Plaintiff’s criminal proceedings in Maricopa County Superior Court, Case 28 1 Plaintiff later filed a Motion to Amend (Doc. 50) and lodged a Second Amended Complaint (Doc. 51), which are currently under advisement. 1 No. #CR2019-001937. Following Plaintiff’s conviction and sentencing in that case, in 2 September 2020, the Court lifted the stay in this action and called for an answer to the First 3 Amended Complaint. (Doc. 30.) Plaintiff’s instant motions for a preliminary injunction 4 and a protective order followed. 5 II. Motions 6 Plaintiff alleges that following his transfer from the Maricopa County Jail to RRCC, 7 he had over 200 photos, as well as video and audio materials that were stored as inmate 8 property. On October 27, 2020, Plaintiff submitted an Inmate Informal Complaint 9 Resolution requesting access to “all [his] discovery photo, video, [and] aud[]io,” and to 10 have a portable DVD player to review the materials. (Doc. 71 at 10.) A November 4, 2020 11 response stated that the items would be stored in property and Plaintiff should “set up a 12 date and time with [his] COIII and [he would] have access to these items in the law library.” 13 (Id. at 12.) 14 On November 5, 2020, Plaintiff submitted an Inmate Grievance stating that his lack 15 of “unfettered access to not just [his] photos, but video [and] audio discovery” would 16 “unequivocally . . . cause [him] severe delays.” (Doc. 71 at 14-15.) He requested 17 authorization to retain a device to review “all [his] audio/video evidence” and to have daily 18 access to a device. (Id.) A November 16, 2020 response stated: 19 A DVD player w[ould] not be provided to [Plaintiff]. This applies to all inmates. Per the change notice effective 20 10/12/2020, legal documents that are sent in for viewing on DVDs, CDs, or flash drives may be viewed on a computer in 21 one of the two Libraries. Property staff will notify [Plaintiff] in writing when they receive the item. [Plaintiff] may then 22 submit an inmate letter to the Property room requesting to view the content. The Library Aide will schedule an appointment in 23 the Library that is consistent with [Plaintiff’s] housing compound. Once the content is viewed, the device will be 24 returned back to the Property room. 25 (Id. at 17-18.) 26 In December 2020, Plaintiff submitted several inmate letters concerning receiving, 27 screening, accessing, and copying legal mail. (Doc. 71 at 22-25.) In response, Plaintiff 28 was advised that his investigator report would be treated as legal mail, but his CDs would 1 not be treated as privileged and would be released to Plaintiff if cleared on screening for 2 potential contraband. (Id. at 27.) 3 On January 14, 2021, Plaintiff submitted a Request/Authorization for Qualified 4 Legal Copying, requesting four copies of his Motion for Protective Order. (Doc. 71 at 31.) 5 A reviewing paralegal found the copies were for a “non-qualified personal lawsuit,” and 6 on that basis, the request was denied. (Id.) The same day, Plaintiff submitted an inmate 7 letter stating that the denial of legal copies was “preventing [him] from seeking relief from 8 the abusive, oppressive, frustrating, impeding, [and] unlawful practices being 9 implement[ed].” (Id. at 32.) He requested “relief in the form of making copies of all 10 documents being submitted in connection with [his] civil suit: No. CV-19-00019-PHX11 JAT (JFM).” (Id.) 12 In the instant motions, Plaintiff maintains that he “is enduring a severe level of 13 frustration, annoyance, impediment, [and] irr[i]tation[] in relation to pursuing [and] 14 litigating [this] matter.” (Doc. 71 at 1.) Plaintiff claims the Arizona Department of 15 Corrections (“ADC”) and RRCC have irrationally and arbitrarily withheld his photos and 16 other materials “in a blanket matter” without screening and releasing items that are allowed 17 by prison policy. (Doc. 69 at 5.) Plaintiff states that his photos are “very vital to [his] 18 ability to litigate the instant litigation,” and without them, he will not be able to meet 19 deadlines, write and respond to future motions, or otherwise “present factual evidence to 20 support his claims.” (Id. at 1-2, 7.) His inability to access his video and audio materials, 21 or a device to review them, is also interfering with his preparation of discovery requests. 22 He further argues that being afforded only “one opportunity a week to make copies is not 23 reasonable” and is “impeding [and] frustrating Plaintiff’s current litigation.” (Doc. 71 at 24 5.) 25 Plaintiff asks the Court to issue an injunction or a protective order requiring ADC 26 and RRCC to allow him to have: (1) any photos that comport with ADC and RRCC policy; 27 (2) any video or audio CDs sent from the City of Tempe or Plaintiff’s expert accident 28 reconstructionist; (3) a DVD player, or in the alternative, access to “a DVD player in a 1 room ensuring privacy when its available, but no less than once weekly for up to 3 hours;” 2 and (4) access to copying three times a week, with copies provided the same day. (Id. at 3 33-34.) 4 A. Preliminary Injunction 5 A plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction under Rule 65 of the Federal Rules of 6 Civil Procedure must show that: (1) he is likely to succeed on the merits; (2) he is likely to 7 suffer irreparable harm in the absence of injunctive relief; (3) the balance of equities tips 8 in his favor; and (4) an injunction is in the public interest. Winter v. Natural Resources 9 Defense Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). “[I]f a plaintiff can only show that there are 10 ‘serious questions going to the merits’—a lesser showing than likelihood of success on the 11 merits—then a preliminary injunction may still issue if the ‘balance of hardships tips 12 sharply in the plaintiff’s favor,’ and the other two Winter factors are satisfied.” Shell 13 Offshore, Inc. v. Greenpeace, Inc., 709 F.3d 1281, 1291 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Alliance 14 for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1135 (9th Cir. 2011)). 15 Where a plaintiff seeks a mandatory injunction, rather than a prohibitory injunction, 16 injunctive relief is “subject to a higher standard” and is “permissible when ‘extreme or very 17 serious damage will result’ that is not ‘capable of compensation in damages,’ and the merits 18 of the case are not ‘doubtful.’” Hernandez v. Sessions, 872 F.3d 976, 999 (9th Cir. 2017) 19 (quoting Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc. v. Mucos Pharma GmbH & Co., 571 F.3d 873 , 879 20 (9th Cir. 2009)). Further, under the Prison Litigation Reform Act, injunctive relief, 21 prohibitory or mandatory, must be narrowly drawn and be the least intrusive means 22 necessary to correct the harm. 18 U.S.C. § 3626 (a)(2); see Gilmore v. People of the State 23 of Cal., 220 F.3d 987, 999 (9th Cir. 2000). 24 First, the Court lacks authority to order the injunctive relief requested because ADC 25 and RRCC are not parties to this case nor are alleged to have acted in concert with any 26 enjoined defendant. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(2) (a preliminary injunction binds only 27 parties, their officers, agents, servants, employees, attorneys, and “other persons who are 28 in active concert or participation” with an enjoined party who receive actual notice); see 1 also Zepeda v. INS, 753 F.2d 719, 727 (9th Cir. 1985) (a federal court “may not attempt to 2 determine the rights of persons not before the court”); Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine 3 Research, Inc., 395 U.S. 100, 110 (1969). 4 Plaintiff has also not shown there is a likelihood of success on, or serious questions 5 going to, the merits of his access-to-courts claims, or that he is likely to suffer irreparable 6 harm in the absence of injunctive relief.2 The right of meaningful access to the courts 7 protects “the opportunity to prepare, serve and file whatever pleadings or other documents 8 are necessary or appropriate in order to commence or prosecute court proceedings affecting 9 one’s personal liberty,” Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 384 (1996) (Thomas, J., concurring) 10 (quotation omitted), such as those challenging criminal sentences or conditions of 11 confinement, id. at 356 . To maintain an access-to-courts claim, a prisoner must submit 12 evidence showing an “actual injury,” in that the alleged deprivation hindered, or is 13 hindering, his efforts to pursue a legal claim. Id. at 351 . 14 Here, Plaintiff does not explain why his photos, videos, and audio recordings are 15 “vital” to litigating the claims in this case or show that these materials are relevant to any 16 claim challenging his prison conditions or criminal sentence. See Lewis, 518 U.S. at 351 , 17 355 (the right of “meaningful access to the courts” requires inmates have the tools they 18 “need in order to attack their sentences, directly or collaterally, and in order to challenge 19 the conditions of their confinement”; “[i]mpairment of any other litigating capacity is 20 simply one of the incidental (and perfectly constitutional) consequences of conviction and 21 incarceration.”). Similarly, Plaintiff fails to allege any specific instance in which his ability 22 to engage in discovery, meet case deadlines, or file any motion has been or will be 23 prejudiced by his limited ability to access materials or photocopying. Indeed, the docket 24 and the documents filed in this case indicate the contrary. 25 In short, Plaintiff’s generalized claim that unrestricted access to all his materials is 26 necessary to litigate this case is insufficient to show that in the absence of injunctive relief, — 27 — 2 Where a request for preliminary injunction relates to the movant’s access to the — 28 — court, a nexus between the injunction and the underlying merits of the case is generally not required. See Diamontiney v. Borg, 918 F.2d 793, 796 (9th Cir. 1990). 1 he has or will suffer an actual injury, or that his proposed remedy is tailored to address any 2 alleged harm. See Lewis, 518 U.S. at 351 ; Mazurek v. Armstrong, 520 U.S. 968, 972 (1997) 3 (a movant must provide “substantial proof” to demonstrate entitlement to a preliminary 4 injunction); see also 18 U.S.C. § 3626 (a)(2); Gilmore, 220 F.3d at 999 . Plaintiff’s Motion 5 for Preliminary Injunction will therefore be denied. 6 B. Protective Order 7 Plaintiff also fails to establish that he is entitled to a protective order. First, Rule 8 26(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure–the rule governing protective orders–does 9 not provide a pathway to the requested relief. Rule 26(c) operates to limit and protect the 10 disclosure of certain materials in the course of discovery; it is not an avenue for compelling 11 the disclosure of material when a person feels annoyed or oppressed by having to request 12 it. See Center for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Group, LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1101 (9th Cir. 13 2016); San Jose Mercury News, Inc. v. U.S. Dist. Ct., 187 F.3d 1096 , 1103 (9th Cir. 1999). 14 Second, insofar as he seeks to compel the release of materials from nonparties ADC 15 and RRCC, Plaintiff has not subpoenaed them for these materials, and therefore has not 16 made them subject to discovery in this case. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(c) (“As provided in 17 Rule 45, a nonparty may be compelled to produce documents and tangible things or to 18 permit an inspection”). Nor has Plaintiff met the threshold for warranting Court 19 intervention in such a discovery dispute. Plaintiff does not allege that his requests for 20 “discovery” materials have gone unanswered or show that he has been denied an 21 opportunity to inspect his materials. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 34, 37(a)(1), (3)(B)(iv). 22 Accordingly, Plaintiff fails to demonstrate that he is entitled to a preliminary 23 injunction or a protective order, and his motions will be denied. 24 . . . . 25 . . . . 26 . . . . 27 . . . . 28 . . . . 1 IT IS ORDERED that the reference to the Magistrate Judge is withdrawn as to 2| Plaintiffs Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Doc. 69) and Motion for Protective Order 3 | (Doc. 71), and the Motions are denied. 4 Dated this 15th day of April, 2021. — 5 — 6 ' g James A. C rg Senior United States District Judge — 9 — — 10 — — 11 — — 12 — — 13 — — 14 — — 15 — — 16 — — 17 — — 18 — — 19 — — 20 — — 21 — — 22 — — 23 — — 24 — — 25 — — 26 — — 27 — — 28 —