Strojnik v. WMH Enterprises LLC

1 WO [5] 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA [8] 9 Peter Strojnik, No. CV-20-08232-PCT-JJT 10 Plaintiff, ORDER 11 v. 12 WMH Enterprises LLC, 13 Defendant. [14] 15 At issue in this matter are four motions filed by Plaintiff Peter Strojnik: a 16 Conditional Motion to Amend Count 6 in his Complaint (Doc. 14); a Motion to Remand 17 that same Count 6 of the Complaint (Doc. 16); a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on 18 Count 2 of the Complaint (Doc. 20); and a “Motion that Defendant Prove Removal 19 Jurisdiction” (Doc. 23). In reviewing the motions, the Court inescapably concludes that 20 Plaintiff is without standing to proceed with his sole federal claim. The Court thus has no 21 jurisdiction over the claim. It also lacks pendent jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s state law 22 claims. The Court thus will remand the matter to the Superior Court of Arizona in and for 23 Navajo County. 24 I. Posture and Necessary Background 25 In and around 2016, Strojnik, then a licensed attorney in Arizona, filed over 1,700 26 lawsuits against small businesses in Arizona alleging violations of the Americans with 27 Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. (ADA) and related state law claims. In that time 28 period, Strojnik also filed 160 similar ADA actions with associated state law claims in this 1 Court. In the state court cases, Strojnik represented nominal plaintiffs David Ritzenthaler, 2 an individual with a disability, and an entity known as Advocates for Individuals with 3 Disabilities LLC. Strojnik brought all 160 matters before this Court in the name of 4 Fernando Gastelum, another individual alleging a disability. Judges of this Court, the 5 Superior Court of Arizona, and the Presiding Disciplinary Judge of the Supreme Court of 6 Arizona, found these actions to be “cookie cutter lawsuits” with generally inadequate 7 allegations, and those that were not quickly settled were dismissed en masse by judges of 8 this Court and the state Court. As a result of his representation of the above plaintiffs in 9 these approximately 1860 actions, the State Bar of Arizona sought disciplinary action 10 against Strojnik. The Presiding Disciplinary Judge of the Supreme Court of Arizona issued 11 an Order of Interim Suspension in July 2018, and a Judgment of Disbarment in May 2019. 12 The notice of Strojnik’s disbarment stated Strojnik typically “demanded approximately 13 $5,000 in attorney’s fees regardless if the business remedied the purported violations,” and 14 labeled his misconduct “‘extortionate’ and ‘ethically suspect.’” State Bar of Ariz., 15 https:/azbar.legalserviceslink.com/attorneys-view/PeterStrojnik (last visited July 23, 16 2021). 17 Undeterred, Strojnik began filing volume ADA lawsuits pro se in federal courts 18 beyond Arizona within two months of his disbarment in Arizona. The United States District 19 Courts for the Northern and Central Districts of California found the same inadequacies in 20 those actions as the state and federal courts in Arizona had found, dismissed his actions 21 and declared him a vexations litigant in 2020. See, e.g., Strojnik v. IA Lodging Napa First 22 LLC, 2020 WL 2838814 at *13 (N.D. Cal. June 1, 2020); Strojnik, ACG Am. Constr., Inc., [23] 2020 WL 4258814 at 7-8 (C.D. Cal. April 19, 2020)(noting Strojnik had filed “numerous” 24 pro se ADA actions in district courts in the Ninth Circuit since his disbarment, including 25 many in the Central District). 26 And yet, he continued. Between January and at least November of 2020, Strojnik, 27 again representing himself, filed dozens of new but substantively identical ADA actions 28 with accompanying state law claims in Arizona state court against hotels. Defendant hotel 1 operators in Arizona removed 37 of those actions to this Court in the ensuing months. In 2 one of the 37 removal cases, Judge Humetewa found Plaintiff to be a vexatious litigant and 3 ordered in relevant part that any action thereafter removed to this Court must be screened 4 and accompanied by a $10,000 bond paid within 21 days of removal. Strojnik v. Driftwood 5 Hospitality Management LLC, No. 20-00343-DJH, 2021 WL 50456 at *11 (D. Ariz. Jan. 6, 6 2021). Judge Humetewa’s January 6, 2021, Order has addressed all of Plaintiff’s 7 Complaints removed thereafter, as Plaintiff has not posted the required bond for any of 8 those actions. And every member of this Court that has thus far addressed the standing 9 issue with regard to cases removed prior to the vexatious litigant order—all of whose 10 Complaints contain identical or near-identical allegations—has concluded Plaintiff lacks 11 standing.1 The undersigned’s analysis yields the same conclusion in this matter.2 12 Plaintiff alleges on or about May 23, 2020, he visited Defendant’s hotel to test its 13 compliance with the ADA. (Doc. 1-1, “Complaint” at 22.) On August 3, 2020, Plaintiff 14 filed the instant Complaint in the Superior Court of Arizona in and for Navajo County, 15 alleging six causes of action: 1) violations of the ADA; 2) negligence; 3) negligent 16 misrepresentation; 4) failure to disclose; 5) fraud and consumer fraud; and 6) consumer 17 fraud—brand deceit. (Complaint at 1.) On September 2, 2020, Defendant removed the 18 matter to this Court based on federal question jurisdiction over the ADA claim, and 19 supplemental or pendent jurisdiction over the related five state law claims. (Doc. 1 at 2.) 20 1 E.g., Strojnik v. B&L Motels Inc., No. 20-CV-08306-SPL, 2020 WL 7350897 at *4 (D. Ariz. Dec. 15, 2020); Strojnik v. Ashford Scottsdale LP, No. 20-CV-02352-DWL, 2020 21 WL 2002977 at *8 (D. Ariz. May 19, 2021); Strojnik v. Driftwood Hospitality Management LLC, No. 20-CV-03343-DJH, 2021 WL 50456 at *5 (D. Ariz. Jan. 6, 2021); Strojnik v. 22 Ogle dba Buck Springs Resort, No. 20-CV-08194-JAT, 2020 WL 1250345 at *3-4 (D. Ariz. Apr. 5, 2021); Strojnik v. C&H Kingman LLC, No. 20-CV-08313-MTL, 2020 WL 23 1381354 at *3-4 (D. Ariz. Apr. 13, 2021). 24 2 The Court notes that its Orders in three other ADA cases brought by Plaintiff and now pending before the undersigned—all of which will be disposed of by Orders entered 25 contemporaneously with this Order, and all remanding on the same finding of lack of standing—will look remarkably similar to this Order and contain the identical analysis. 26 This is so because Plaintiff’s Complaints in all four matters are operatively identical, varying only in the identification of the respective defendants, the dates Plaintiff alleged 27 he visited their hotels and or websites, the alleged ADA violations specific to the locations, and the attached photographs of those locations. The Court, in concluding all four 28 Complaints suffer from the same fatal defect, also finds the Complaints live up to previous judges’ descriptions of Plaintiff’s work as “cookie-cutter complaints.” 1 For purposes of the Court’s analysis below, it will focus only on the federal ADA claim to 2 begin with. 3 II. Legal Standard 4 “[T]o invoke the jurisdiction of the federal Courts, a disabled individual claiming 5 discrimination must satisfy the case or controversy requirement of Article III by 6 demonstrating his standing to sue at each stage of the litigation.” Chapman v. Pier 1 7 Imports (U.S.) Inc., 631 F.3d 939, 946 (9th Cir. 2011). The doctrine of standing requires a 8 party to “prove that he has suffered a concrete and particularized injury that is fairly 9 traceable to the challenged conduct, and is likely to be redressed by a favorable judicial 10 decision.” Carney v. Adams, 141 S. Ct. 493, 498 (2020) (internal quotes and citations 11 omitted). “A ‘concrete’ injury must be ‘de facto’; that’s is, it must actually exist.” Spokeo, 12 Inc. v. Robins, 136 S. Ct. 1540, 1548 (2016). And “[f]or an injury to be ‘particularized,’ it 13 must affect the plaintiff in a personal and individual way.” Id. (internal citation omitted.) 14 In his Complaint, Plaintiff seeks only injunctive relief in connection with his ADA 15 claim.3 Relevant to the claim at bar, then, an ADA plaintiff can establish standing to sue 16 for injunctive relief either by demonstrating 1) injury-in-fact coupled with an intent to 17 return to a non-compliant facility or 2) deterrence. Chapman, 631 F.3d at 944 . The 18 Complaint alleges no injury-in-fact, but focuses on the “deterrent effect doctrine,” under 19 which the Ninth Circuit has held that where a disabled individual is currently deterred from 20 patronizing a public accommodation due to a defendant’s failure to comply with the ADA, 21 that individual has suffered actual injury. Pickern v. Holiday Quality Foods Inc., 293 F.3d 22 1133, 1138 (9th Cir. 2002). However, as observed by Judge Teilborg of this Court in 23 another of Plaintiff’s cases, “the mere existence of an ADA violation does not give any 24 disabled person standing to sue.” Ogle, 2020 WL 1250345 at *3. A plaintiff has no standing [25] 26 3 Indeed, Plaintiff is so limited. All statutory and regulatory authority Plaintiff invokes in his prayer for relief in Count 1 of the Complaint—42 U.S.C. §§ 2000a-3 and 12188(a) and 27 (b), as well as 28 C.F.R. § 36.501 (a) and (b)—makes clear that in bringing a private right of action, not through the Attorney General, Plaintiff is only entitled to injunctive relief 28 and attorneys’ fees. And as there is no attorney representing Plaintiff in this matter, he may not seek attorneys’ fees. 1 for an ADA claim “if the barriers he seeks to enjoin do not pose a real and immediate threat 2 to him due to his particular disability.” Chapman, 631 F.3d at 953 (emphasis added). 3 III. Analysis 4 Plaintiff identifies no concrete or particularized injury to him under the deterrent effect 5 doctrine here—or in any of the cases before the undersigned. He alleges he is disabled 6 based on a list of medical conditions to include prostate and renal cancer, genitourinary 7 impairment, stenosis with neuropathy, a missing right knee, limitations on the use of 8 shoulders, wrists and elbows, pleurisy and high blood pressure. (Doc. 1-1 at 3.) He then 9 goes on to list several conditions at Defendant’s hotel that he documented photographically 10 as violative of ADA requirements, including 1) uneven surface and excessive steepness in 11 the accessible parking space; 2) the accessible parking not being the closest to the hotel 12 entrance; 3) the accessible parking sign being lower than required by regulation; 4) absence 13 of markings in the passenger loading zone; 5) the absence of a ramp to a bench in the 14 loading zone; 6) a pool and spa inaccessible to a person in a wheelchair; 7) a toilet flush 15 handle on the wrong side of the toilet in the pool bathroom and therefore inaccessible to a 16 person in a wheelchair; and 8) a pool restroom door that closes in only three seconds, which 17 renders the restroom inaccessible to a person in a wheelchair. (Doc. 1-1 at 11-22.) 18 Plaintiff fails utterly to make the necessary connection between the issues he identifies, 19 even if they all prove to be ADA violations, and a “real and immediate threat to him due to 20 his particular disabilities,” as required by Chapman. He does not allege, nor could the Court 21 divine, how his disabilities stemming from cancers, stenosis, neuropathy, genitourinary 22 impairment, issues of limitation of wrists, elbows, shoulders, pleurisy or high blood 23 pressure render any of the identified conditions to be barriers to his use and enjoyment of 24 the hotel facilities. The only plausible alleged disability for which some of these conditions 25 could prove to be barriers is his missing knee joint (ameliorated with a prosthesis), and 26 again, Plaintiff fails to make such a connection. He alleges that his disabilities, “in their 27 unmitigated, active state, . . . require the use of a wheelchair.” (Complaint at 6.) But 28 Plaintiff does not allege that any of his conditions are in fact in their active unmitigated 1 state, or were so when he visited the hotel. Nor does he allege he used a wheelchair while 2 visiting the hotel, or at any relevant time. As a result, none of the violations Plaintiff 3 identifies as barriers connect to his alleged disabilities to deter him from use of the hotel, 4 and thus he states no concrete or particularized injury. Plaintiff has done nothing more than 5 allege “labels and conclusions,” which are insufficient under Bell Atlantic Corp. v. 6 Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). He has no standing for the ADA claim regarding the 7 physical barriers he notes in his Complaint. For the same reasons, the component of his 8 ADA claim regarding Defendant’s website’s alleged failures to identify and describe 9 accessible features at the hotel fails. 10 The removal procedure statute, 28 U.S.C. §1447 (c), provides in relevant part that 11 “[i]f at any time before final judgment it appears that the District Court lacks subject matter 12 jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded.” Absent jurisdiction over the ADA claim, the 13 Court retains no supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining pendent state law claims 14 alleged in Counts 2 through 6 of the Complaint. 15 The Court has considered whether, rather than remanding, it should dismiss the 16 ADA claim in Count 1, and potentially some or all of the state claims that might be 17 dependent on the success of the ADA claim, under the exception to the above remand rule 18 set forth in Bell v. City of Kellogg, 922 F. 2d 1418, 1424-25 (9th Cir. 1991). In Bell, the 19 Ninth Circuit held that where a federal court is “certain that a remand to state court would 20 be futile,” dismissal of those claims was appropriate to prevent any further waste of 21 valuable judicial time and resources. Id. Upon review over the claims in this matter, the 22 Court concludes that, while it is highly likely the state court would dismiss Plaintiff’s ADA 23 claim in Count 1 for failure to meet its own “rigorous standing requirement,” see Fernandez 24 v. Takata Seat Belts, Inc., 108 P.3d 917, 919 (Ariz. 2005), it cannot say that result is 25 “certain,” as required by the Ninth Circuit in Bell. See ASARCO Inc. v. Kadish, 490 U.S. 26 605, 617 (1989) (“We have recognized often that the constraints of Article III do not apply 27 to state courts, and accordingly the state courts are not bound by the limitations of a case 28 or controversy or other federal rules of justiciability even when they address issues of || federal law, as when they are called upon to interpret the Constitution or, in this case, a 2|| federal statute.’). For that reason, the Court will remand the ADA claim in Count I, and as aresult, the remaining state claims in Counts 2 through 6, for determination by the Arizona state court. 5 IT IS ORDERED remanding, sua sponte, this matter to the Superior Court of || Arizona in and for Navajo County. The Clerk of Court shall terminate this matter. 7 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED denying as moot Plaintiff’s Conditional Motion to 8 || Amend Count 6 of Complaint (Doc. 14), Motion to Remand Count 6 (Doc. 16), and Motion 9|| that Defendant Prove Removal Jurisdiction (Doc. 23). 10 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that upon remand, Plaintiff’s Motion for Partial 11 || Summary Judgment as to Count 2 (Doc. 20) shall remain pending before the Superior Court || and terminated on the docket in this matter. 13 Dated this 10th day of August, 2021. CN 14 “wok: [15] Unitgd State$District Judge [28] -7-