Burris v. J.P. Morgan Chase & Company

1 WO — 2 — — 3 — — 4 — — 5 — 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA — 8 — 9 Johnny E Burris, No. CV-18-03012-PHX-DWL 10 Plaintiff, ORDER 11 v. 12 JPMorgan Chase & Company, et al., 13 Defendants. — 14 — 15 On May 19, 2022, the Court issued an order granting Defendants’ motion for 16 attorneys’ fees. (Doc. 141.) Plaintiff was “ordered to pay $296,490.50 to Defendants, due 17 within 30 days of the issuance of this order.” (Id. at 18.) Afterward, Plaintiff filed a notice 18 of appeal with respect to the fee award (Doc. 143) and a motion to stay enforcement of the 19 fee award pending appeal (Doc. 145). The stay request is now fully briefed. (Docs. 146, 20 151.)1 For the following reasons, it is denied. 21 DISCUSSION 22 I. The Parties’ Arguments 23 Plaintiff seeks “an order staying enforcement of the Order on attorneys’ fees and 24 costs . . . pursuant to Federal Rule[] of Civil Procedure 62 [and] Federal Rule of Appellate 25 Procedure 8.” (Doc. 145-1 at 1.) Plaintiff contends that, under these authorities, the 26 applicable standard is the same as the standard for whether to grant a preliminary 27 injunction—that is, the Court must consider the likelihood of success on the merits, 28 1 Plaintiff’s request for oral argument is denied because the issues are fully briefed and argument would not aid the decisional process. See LRCiv 7.2(f). 1 irreparable injury, and the balance of hardships. (Id. at 3-4.) Applying these factors, 2 Plaintiff contends he is entitled to a stay because (1) the decision to award any attorneys’ 3 fees was incorrect, as the Court itself seemed to recognize in the order soliciting 4 supplemental briefing (id. at 4-9); (2) he has submitted a declaration establishing that he 5 has “limited financial resources” and that payment of the award would render him 6 “insolvent” (id. at 9-10); and (3) “Defendant is a large publically traded company that will 7 not be harmed if it has to wait to receive payment should the appellate court affirm the fees 8 and costs,” whereas Plaintiff “is a sole proprietor and does not have the resources or income 9 to pay the award” (id. at 10). 10 Defendants oppose Plaintiff’s request. (Doc. 146.) As an initial matter, Defendants 11 contend that “Plaintiff incorrectly relies on legal standards applicable to stays of an 12 injunction (addressed separately by Rule 62(c)), which are completely inapplicable to his 13 request to stay a monetary judgment (addressed by Rule 62(b)).” (Id. at 6.) Defendants 14 argue that a stay of enforcement with respect to a money judgment should only be imposed 15 under Rule 62(b) in “exceptional” cases, such as when there is no question the judgment16 debtor will eventually be able to satisfy the judgment, and that Plaintiff’s arguments 17 regarding his inability to pay therefore “conced[e] the very circumstances that necessitate 18 a bond.” (Id. at 5-6.) Alternatively, Defendants argue that even if the Court were to 19 evaluate Plaintiff’s stay request under the standards applicable to injunctions, his request 20 fails because (1) he has not shown a likelihood of success on the merits (id. at 7-8); (2) he 21 has not shown a likelihood of irreparable harm, as his declaration concerning his professed 22 inability to pay is “unsubstantiated, self-serving, and wholly conclusory,” fails to address 23 various considerations, and is “belied by the record” (id. at 8, 10-15); and (3) he has not 24 shown that the equities favor him, as he “placed himself in this situation and was his choice 25 to reject a settlement that would have allowed him to walk away without having to 26 reimburse Defendants the fees and costs caused by his bad-faith” (id. at 8). Finally, 27 Defendants contend these considerations also undermine any request for a stay of 28 enforcement under the Dillon factors, which are the traditional Rule 62(b) standards. (Id. 1 at 9-11.) 2 In reply, Plaintiff argues that his motion correctly identified the applicable standard 3 for seeking a stay of enforcement of a money judgment (Doc. 151 at 2-3); that Local Rule 4 65.1 requires the Court to apply Arizona state law when evaluating the size of any bond 5 and Arizona law authorizes a zero-dollar bond in this circumstance in light of his financial 6 condition (id. at 3-5); that he has shown a likelihood of success under the first relevant stay 7 factor (id. at 5-6); that he has shown a likelihood of irreparable harm under the second 8 relevant stay factor, as Defendants’ arguments regarding his purported trust assets are 9 based on various mistaken assumptions and false predicates (id. at 6-10); and that, under 10 Arizona law, the Court must hold a hearing before setting a bond amount (id. at 10-11). 11 II. Discussion 12 The general rule, as established by Rule 62(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil 13 Procedure, is that a party may seek to enforce a monetary judgment 30 days after it has 14 been entered. However, under Rule 62(b), “a party may obtain a stay by providing a bond 15 or other security.” The purpose of such a bond is to “protect[] the prevailing plaintiff from 16 the risk of a later uncollectible judgment and compensate[] him for delay” that may result 17 from the stay. N.L.R.B. v. Westphal, 859 F.2d 818, 819 (9th Cir. 1988). See also Rachel 18 v. Banana Republic, Inc., 831 F.2d 1503 , 1505 n.1 (9th Cir. 1987) (“The purpose of a 19 supersedeas bond is to secure the appellees from a loss resulting from the stay of execution 20 and a full supersedeas bond should therefore be required.”). 21 Although posting a bond is one way to obtain a stay of enforcement under Rule 22 62(b), it is not the only way. This is because “[r]eading Rule 62[(b)] to make filing a 23 supersedeas bond an indispensable prerequisite to a stay on appeal creates a potential 24 conflict with the language of [Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure] 8(b), which implicitly 25 recognizes the discretion of the appellate courts to issue stays not conditioned on bond. It 26 would make little sense to require an appellant who could qualify for an unsecured stay 27 from the appellate court to apply for it first in the district court, as Rule 8(a) requires, if 28 Rule 62[(b)] made such an application an exercise in futility in every case by denying the 1 district court the power to approve such a stay. That is, if the appellate court has power to 2 issue an unsecured stay, as Rule 8(b) clearly implies, then the district court must have that 3 power also, if Rule 8(a) is to make sense.” Federal Prescription Serv., Inc. v. Am. 4 Pharmaceutical Ass’n, 636 F.2d 755, 760 (D.C. Cir. 1980). Thus, a district court has 5 “discretionary power to grant a stay on whatever terms it deems appropriate, including a 6 partial bond or even no bond.” S. Gensler, 2 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rules and 7 Commentary, Rule 62, at 299-300 (2022). See also Matter of Combined Metals Reduction 8 Co., 557 F.2d 179, 193 (9th Cir. 1977) (“Under [Rule 62(b)], an appellant may obtain a 9 stay as a matter of right by posting a supersedeas bond acceptable to the court. Since no 10 bond was posted, the grant or denial of the stays was a matter strictly within the judge’s 11 discretion.”). 12 Here, the parties’ dispute largely turns on which standard the Court should apply 13 when deciding whether to exercise its discretionary power to order a stay without a bond 14 under Rule 62(b). Plaintiff argues the standard is essentially the same as the standard for 15 granting a preliminary injunction while Defendants argue the standard is entirely different. 16 Defendants have the better of this argument. In Oskowis v. Sedona Oak-Creek 17 Unified School District, 2019 WL 6250762 (D. Ariz. 2019), the Court confronted a similar 18 situation. There, as here, an unsuccessful plaintiff who had been ordered to pay the 19 prevailing defendant’s attorneys’ fees sought a stay of enforcement pending appeal. He 20 argued, as Plaintiff does here, “that ‘the standards applicable for entry in injunctive relief’ 21 support[ed] his request.” Id. at *1. Although the Court did not directly reach the issue, it 22 suggested that the plaintiff’s approach was misplaced because “courts have recognized that 23 the four-factor test applicable in [the preliminary injunction] context does not apply to a 24 request for a stay of a money judgment because it does not take into account the Rule 62 25 requirement of a supersedeas bond.” Id. at *1 n.1 (cleaned up). The Court further 26 explained that, “to the extent the Court’s discretion to issue a stay under Rule 62(b) is not 27 governed by the same principles as a request for relief under Rule 65, courts have 28 emphasized that unsecured stays under Rule 62(b) should be reserved for ‘exceptional’ 1 cases. Thus, courts have typically authorized unsecured stays under Rule 62(b) only ‘in 2 two sorts of case[s]: where the defendant’s ability to pay the judgment is so plain that the 3 cost of the bond would be a waste of money; and . . . where the requirement would put the 4 defendant’s other creditors in undue jeopardy.” Id. at *2 (citations omitted). The Court 5 acknowledged that “some courts have suggested a judgment debtor may seek relief under 6 Rule 62(b) by demonstrating that, due to a lack of financial resources, obtaining a full 7 supersedeas bond would pose an undue financial burden” but noted that “those courts have 8 insisted that the party seeking the stay identify some other mechanism, apart from a full 9 bond, to ensure the judgment creditor’s rights would be protected.” Id. (citations omitted). 10 Because the plaintiff had not made the required showings under any of these standards, the 11 Court denied his stay request. Id. at *2-3. 12 Although it was unnecessary to reach the issue in Oskowis, the Court now directly 13 reaches the conclusion it only hinted at there—when a judgment-debtor requests a stay of 14 enforcement of a money judgment under Rule 62(b) without a bond, the request is not 15 evaluated under the traditional four-factor test for evaluating a request for a preliminary 16 injunction but under an entirely different standard with different considerations. See also 17 FINOVA Capital Corp. v. Richard A. Arledge, Inc., 2008 WL 828504 , *5 (D. Ariz. 2008) 18 (“[Defendants] are seeking to stay a monetary judgment as Rule 62[(b)] allows. Thus, the 19 court declines to apply a preliminary injunction standard, as FINOVA urges. Instead, the 20 court will rely upon Rule 62[(b)] and the case law construing that Rule.”); Bolt v. 21 Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2005 WL 2298423 , *2 (E.D. Cal. 2005) (“The Federal 22 Rules of Civil Procedure impose distinct standards for stays of judgments involving 23 injunctions and stays of other judgments. Given these distinctions, it should come as no 24 surprise that courts evaluate unsecured stays of these categories of judgments under 25 different tests. Although the court could not find a single case straightforwardly 26 acknowledging the existence of two separate tests, an examination of the case law clearly 27 reveals a different method of analysis applicable to motions for unsecured stays when Rule 28 62[(b)], rather than Rule 62(c), applies.”) (citations omitted). And as discussed in Oskowis, 1 an unsecured stay is generally appropriate under Rule 62(b) only when (1) the judgment2 debtor’s ability to pay is so plain that the cost of the bond would be a waste of money2 or 3 (2) the bonding requirement would put the judgment-debtor’s other creditors in undue 4 jeopardy. See also Kranson v. Fed. Express Corp., 2013 WL 6872495 , *1 (N.D. Cal. 2013) 5 (noting that “[c]ourts in the Ninth Circuit regularly use the Dillon factors in determining 6 whether to waive the bond requirement” and summarizing the Dillon factors, which 7 identify ability to pay and prejudice to other creditors as two of the circumstances in which 8 the bond requirement may be waived). Neither circumstance is present here—indeed, 9 much of Plaintiff’s presentation is predicted on his professed inability to pay the existing 10 award, and he does not contend that any other creditors would suffer harm in the absence 11 of a stay. This undermines, rather than supports, his stay request. Cf. IA Labs CA v. 12 Nintendo Co., Ltd., 946 F. Supp. 2d 429, 431 (D. Md. 2013) (“IA Labs points to no Fourth 13 Circuit case authorizing a district court to stay a judgment in lieu of posting supersedeas 14 bond on the ground of ‘undue financial burden.’ Indeed, a review of the relevant case law 15 suggests that in the more than 30 years since the Fifth Circuit’s decision [identifying this 16 as a potential ground for relief], the Fourth Circuit has never adopted [that] reasoning . . . . 17 This Court is not prepared to chart a new course in this circuit, especially given the Fourth 18 Circuit’s longstanding silence on this issue.”). See also Kranson, 2013 WL 6872495 at *1 19 (summarizing the five Dillon factors, none of which is a bare inability to pay). 20 Alternatively, and as further discussed in Oskowis, although some courts have 21 concluded that a judgment-debtor’s inability to pay is a factor that can support (rather than 22 undermine) a request for an unsecured stay under Rule 62(b), those courts have still 23 required the party seeking relief to identify some mechanism apart from a full bond to — 24 — 25 2 See, e.g., Arban v. West Publishing Corp., 345 F.3d 390, 409 (6th Cir. 2003) (“At the hearing on West’s motion for stay without bond . . . counsel for West stated that ‘the 26 revenues of the group of which West is a part is approximately 2.5 billion.’ The Seventh Circuit has noted that ‘an inflexible requirement of a bond would be inappropriate . . . 27 where the defendant's ability to pay the judgment is so plain that the cost of the bond would be a waste of money.’ In light of the vast disparity between the amount of the judgment in 28 this case and the annual revenue of the group of which West is a part, the district court’s decision to grant a stay without a bond was not an abuse of discretion.”). || protect the judgment-creditor’s rights. JA Labs, 946 F. Supp. 2d at 432 (“Appropriate 2|| examples of alternative security may be a letter of credit, some combination of securities || and cash in an interest-bearing account, or even a smaller sum of money ... .”) (citations 4|| omitted). Plaintiff makes no effort to identify any such alternative mechanism here—he 5 || simply requests a waiver of the bond requirement because he cannot satisfy it. This, again, || undermines his position. Cf S.E.C. v. O’Hagan, 901 F. Supp. 1476, 1480 (D. Minn. 1995) 7\| (explaining that “when granting a stay without a supersedeas bond courts generally require 8 || the appellant to post partial bond or alternative security” and refusing to grant a stay 9|| because “the Defendant, asserting indigency, proposes no supersedeas bond or alternative 10 || security’). 11 Given these conclusions, it is unnecessary to wade into the details of the parties’ || dispute over whether Plaintiff has, in fact, established an inability to pay. Even assuming 13 || his submissions were sufficient to establish that point, he would not be entitled to an unsecured stay under Rule 62(b) for the reasons stated above. Finally, the Court also rejects 15|| Plaintiff's contention, raised for the first time in his reply (and therefore forfeited),° that the Court’s discretionary analysis of whether and to what extent to relax the bond 17 || requirement is somehow governed by Arizona state law. “The standards for setting a bond 18 || under Rule 62(b) are federal law standards, which trump any existing state law standards || that might be either more or less demanding.” 2 Gensler, supra, Rule 62, at 300. See also || Vacation Village, Inc. v. Clark County, Nev., 497 F.3d 902, 913-14 (9th Cir. 2007). 21 Accordingly, 22 IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for stay of execution (Doc. 145) is denied. 23 Dated this 11th day of August, 2022. 94 i 7 25 i CC —— Dominic W. Lanza 26 United States District Judge — 27 — 28} ° Zamani v. Carnes, 491 F.3d 990, 997 (9th Cir. 2007) (“The district court need not consider arguments raised for the first time in a reply brief.”’). -7-