Southwest Fair Housing Council v. WG Chandler Villas SH LLC

1 WO — 2 — — 3 — — 4 — — 5 — 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA — 8 — 9 Southwest Fair Housing Council, No. CV-19-00178-TUC-RM 10 Plaintiff, ORDER 11 v. 12 WG Chandler Villas SH LLC, 13 Defendant. — 14 — 15 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Southwest Fair Housing Council’s Motion for 16 Attorneys’ Fees, Costs, and Litigation Expenses. (Doc. 116.) Defendant responded in 17 opposition (Doc. 121), and Plaintiff replied (Doc. 128). For the reasons that follow, the 18 Motion will be partially granted. 19 I. Background 20 Plaintiff is an organization that seeks to ensure equal access to housing in Arizona. 21 (Doc. 106 at 15, 54, 132; Doc. 110 at 2.) Defendant WG Chandler Villas SH LLC is a 22 residential apartment complex located in Chandler, Arizona that provides private 23 apartments for active seniors. (Doc. 48 at 1; Doc. 54 at 2.) Plaintiff sued Defendant and 24 numerous other entities, alleging violations of the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), 42 U.S.C. 25 § 3602, et seq.; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (“Rehabilitation Act”), 29 26 U.S.C. § 794 ; Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. § 27 12181, et seq.; Section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), — 28 — 42 U.S.C. § 18116 ; and the Arizona Fair Housing Act (“AZFHA”), A.R.S. § 41-1491, et 1 seq. (Doc. 2.) The Court severed the action on March 27, 2019, and Plaintiff’s claims 2 against Defendant proceeded in the above-entitled case. (Docs. 1, 2.) Plaintiff’s First 3 Amended Complaint alleges that, during an exchange with one of Plaintiff’s testers, 4 Defendant refused to provide an American Sign Language (“ASL”) interpreter and a 5 flashing doorbell to a prospective deaf resident. (Doc. 2 at 13.) 6 On March 22, 2021, the Court granted summary judgment in Defendant’s favor on 7 Plaintiff’s Rehabilitation Act and ACA claims, as well as on the ADA, FHA, and 8 AZFHA claims to the extent they alleged a failure to provide an ASL interpreter. (Doc. 9 62.) The Court granted summary judgment in Plaintiff’s favor on the issue of standing 10 and denied summary judgment on the ADA, FHA, and AZFHA claims to the extent they 11 alleged a failure to provide a flashing doorbell accommodation. (Id.) The parties held 12 unsuccessful settlement conferences on July 29, 2021 (Doc. 73), November 5, 2021 (Doc. 13 79), and March 30, 2022 (Doc. 91). 14 After a two-day bench trial held on October 25-26, 2022, the Court found that 15 Defendant violated the ADA, FHA, and AZFHA by refusing to provide a potential deaf 16 resident with the reasonable accommodation of a flashing doorbell, thereby denying 17 equal access to Defendant’s safety check service and other services requiring a staff 18 member to enter a resident’s apartment. (Doc. 110.) The Clerk of Court thereafter 19 entered judgment in Plaintiff’s favor on the ADA, FHA, and AZFHA claims. (Doc. 111.) 20 II. Legal Standard 21 The ADA, FHA, and AZFHA each permit a prevailing plaintiff to recover 22 attorneys’ fees and costs. See 42 U.S.C. § 12205 , 42 U.S.C. § 3613 (c)(2), A.R.S. § 4123 1491.36. In civil rights cases where an award of attorneys’ fees is authorized by statute, 24 “a prevailing plaintiff should ordinarily recover an attorney’s fee unless special 25 circumstances would render such an award unjust.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424 , 26 429 (1983) (internal quotation marks omitted). 27 Courts employ a two-step “lodestar method to determine a reasonable attorney’s 28 fees award.” Kelly v. Wengler, 822 F.3d 1085, 1099 (9th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation 1 marks omitted)). First, to calculate the lodestar figure, the court must determine “the 2 number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly 3 rate.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at 433 . “Second, the court determines whether to modify the 4 lodestar figure, upward or downward, based on factors not subsumed in the lodestar 5 figure.” Kelly, 822 F.3d at 1099 . 6 In determining what constitutes a reasonable hourly rate, courts look to the 7 prevailing market rates in the relevant community “for similar work performed by 8 attorneys of comparable skill, experience, and reputation.” Schwarz v. Sec’y of Health & 9 Human Servs., 73 F.3d 895, 908 (9th Cir. 1995); see also Gates v. Deukmejian, 987 F.2d 10 1392, 1405 (9th Cir. 1992) (courts generally look to the rates of attorneys practicing in 11 the forum district). The party seeking an award of attorneys’ fees bears the burden of 12 producing “satisfactory evidence—in addition to the attorney’s own affidavits—that the 13 requested rates are in line with those prevailing in the community for similar services by 14 lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and reputation.” Camacho v. 15 Bridgeport Fin., Inc., 523 F.3d 973, 980 (9th Cir. 2008). “[A]ffidavits of the plaintiffs’ 16 attorneys and other attorneys regarding prevailing fees in the community, and rate 17 determinations in other cases are satisfactory evidence of the prevailing market rate.” Id. 18 (internal quotation and alteration marks omitted). 19 Counsel for the prevailing party should exclude hours that are “excessive, 20 redundant, or otherwise unnecessary,” and “billing judgment is an important component 21 in fee setting.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at 433–34 (internal quotation marks omitted). “Where 22 the documentation of hours is inadequate, the district court may reduce the award 23 accordingly.” Id. at 434. 24 In the second part of the analysis—determining whether the lodestar figure should 25 be adjusted upward or downward—courts consider the following: 26 (1) the time and labor required; (2) the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved; (3) the skill requisite to perform the — 27 — legal service properly; (4) the preclusion of other employment 28 by the attorney due to acceptance of the case; (5) the customary fee; (6) whether the fee is fixed or contingent; (7) 1 time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances; (8) the amount involved and the results obtained; (9) the — 2 — experience, reputation, and ability of the attorneys; (10) the 3 “undesirability” of the case; (11) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client; and (12) awards in — 4 — similar cases. — 5 — Carter v. Caleb Brett LLC, 757 F.3d 866, 869 (9th Cir. 2014); see also LRCiv 54.2(c)(3). — 6 — A mere statement that the court has considered these factors is insufficient; the court must — 7 — “articulate with sufficient clarity the manner in which it makes its determination.” — 8 — Carter, 757 F.3d at 869 (internal quotation marks omitted). — 9 — The factor of “the results obtained . . . is particularly crucial where a plaintiff is — 10 — deemed prevailing even though he succeeded on only some of his claims for relief.” — 11 — Hensley, 461 U.S. at 434 (internal quotation marks omitted). When a plaintiff has — 12 — achieved only partial success, the court must ask whether the plaintiff “fail[ed] to prevail — 13 — on claims that were unrelated to the claims on which he succeeded,” and whether the — 14 — plaintiff “achieve[d] a level of success that makes the hours reasonably expended a — 15 — satisfactory basis for making a fee award.” Id. The lodestar figure may be excessive if a — 16 — plaintiff achieved only partial success, “even where the plaintiff’s claims were — 17 — interrelated, nonfrivolous, and raised in god faith.” Id. at 436 . — 18 — Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2(c) requires that a motion for award of — 19 — attorneys’ fees be supported by a memorandum of points and authorities that discusses — 20 — the party’s eligibility and entitlement to the award and the reasonableness of the amount — 21 — sought, based on the listed factors. The party seeking fees must also provide an itemized — 22 — statement setting forth: “(A) The date on which the service was performed; (B) The time — 23 — devoted to each individual unrelated task performed on such day; (C) A description of the — 24 — service provided; and (D) The identity of the attorney, paralegal, or other person — 25 — performing such service.” LRCiv 54.2(e)(1). Rule 54.2(e)(2) provides that “[t]he party — 26 — seeking an award of fees must adequately describe the services rendered so that the — 27 — reasonableness of the charge can be evaluated.” The Rule provides examples of — 28 — sufficient service descriptions, including (1) telephone calls “must identify all 1 participants and the reason for the telephone call”; (2) legal research “must identify the 2 specific legal issue researched and, if appropriate . . . the pleading or document”; and (3) 3 preparation of pleadings and documents must identify the document and “the activities 4 associated with its preparation.” LRCiv 54.2(e)(2). 5 III. Discussion 6 Plaintiff moves for an award of $161,432.501 in attorneys’ fees and $3,255.052 in 7 non-taxable expenses pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12205 , 42 U.S.C. § 3613 (c)(2), and A.R.S. 8 § 41-1491.36. (Doc. 116.) Plaintiff seeks fees for work performed by lawyers and legal 9 support staff employed by Richards & Moskowitz PLC, Baskin Richards PLC, and 10 Eisenberg & Baum, LLP. (Doc. 116 at 4.)3 Plaintiff provides an itemized statement 11 of time and expenses incurred by Eisenberg & Baum, LLP timekeepers, reflecting 260.80 12 hours billed for a total attorneys’ fee request of $76,030.00. (Doc. 116-1 at 13-36.) 13 Plaintiff also provides billing records reflecting 136 hours billed by Baskin Richards PLC 14 timekeepers, for a total of $47,375.00 billed by that firm, and 139.10 hours billed by 15 Richards & Moskowitz PLC timekeepers, for a total of $38,027.50 billed by that firm. 16 (Doc. 116-1 at 43, 59-68, 70-78.) Plaintiff argues that the requested attorneys’ fees are 17 reasonable considering the results obtained in this lawsuit, the customary fees charged by 18 attorneys of similar experience; the time and labor involved in obtaining resolution of this 19 case; the complexity of the work; counsel’s skill, ability, experience, and reputation; the 20 preclusion of other employment by counsel; the undesirability of civil rights cases such 21 as this; the contingent fee charged by counsel;4 and the nature of counsel’s professional 22 1 Plaintiff’s Motion requests $38,027.00 in fees charged by Richards & Moskowitz PLC, but the billing records submitted by that firm reflect $38,027.50 in charged fees. 23 (Compare Doc. 116 at 4, with Doc. 116-1 at 43, 68.) Accordingly, the Court assumes that Plaintiff’s Motion contains a typo and that Plaintiff is requesting $38,027.50 in fees 24 charged by Richards & Moskowitz PLC, for a total requested fee award of $161,432.50. 2 At varying points, Plaintiff’s Motion requests “expenses in the amount of $3,255.05,” 25 travel-related expenses of $3,698.70 and expert witness fees of $800 (for a total expense award of $4,498.70), and “costs and expenses in the amount of $3,803.14.” (Doc. 116 at 26 13-15.) The attached documentation delineates expenses of $3,255.05 (Doc. 116-1 at 80), and the Court assumes the other figures listed in Plaintiff’s Motion are erroneous. 27 3 Richards & Moskowitz PLC was formerly known as Baskin Richards PLC. (See Doc. 116-1 at 39, 56-57.) 28 4 Plaintiff provides engagement letters for Eisenberg & Baum, LLP and Richards & Moskowitz PLC, reflecting contingent fee arrangements. (Doc. 116-1 at 49-57.) 1 relationship with Plaintiff. (Doc. 116 at 3-12.) 2 Defendant does not contest Plaintiff’s entitlement to an award of attorneys’ fees 3 under the ADA, FHA, and AZFHA. (See Doc. 121 at 6.) However, Defendant argues 4 that Plaintiff failed to comply with Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2(d)(1)’s meet-and5 confer requirement and that Plaintiff’s requested fee award is unreasonably high. (Id. at 6 8-17.) Plaintiff’s Reply reduces the requested attorneys’ fees by $1,860.00 in response to 7 Defendant’s objections concerning duplicative entries, but Plaintiff argues that 8 Defendant’s objections are otherwise meritless. (Doc. 128; see also Doc. 128-1 at 2.) 9 A. Meet-and-Confer Requirement 10 Defendant argues that Plaintiff’s fee request should be denied or reduced because 11 Plaintiff failed to comply with Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2(d)(1)’s meet-and12 confer requirement. (Doc. 121 at 5-6, 8-9.) The Local Rules of Civil Procedure provide: 13 No motion for award of attorneys’ fees will be considered unless a separate statement of the moving counsel is attached 14 to the supporting memorandum certifying that, after personal consultation and good faith efforts to do so, the parties have 15 been unable to satisfactorily resolve all disputed issues relating to attorneys’ fees or that the moving counsel has 16 made a good faith effort, but has been unable, to arrange such conference. The statement of consultation shall set forth the 17 date of the consultation, the names of the participating attorneys and the specific results or shall describe the efforts 18 made to arrange such conference and explain the reasons why such conference did not occur. — 19 — 20 LRCiv 54.2(d)(1). 21 Attached to Plaintiff’s Motion for Attorney Fees is a Certificate of Attempted 22 Good Faith Consultation. (Doc. 116-1 at 91-94.) The Certificate avers that Plaintiff’s 23 counsel emailed Defendant’s counsel at 4:24 p.m. on the day the Motion for Attorney 24 Fees was filed. (Id. at 92; see also id. at 97, 99.) Plaintiff argues that “[g]rounds exist to 25 find” that it “sufficiently complied” with LRCiv 54.2(d)(1). (Doc. 128 at 11.) 26 Emailing opposing counsel minutes before close-of-business on the day a motion 27 is due does not constitute a good-faith effort at personal consultation. See Shupe v. 28 Kroger Co., No. CV-17-00496-TUC-DCB, 2018 WL 9708467 , at *1 (D. Ariz. Mar. 6, 1 2018) (finding good-faith personal consultation requires telephonic or in-person contact 2 rather than merely written contact). Due to Plaintiff’s failure to comply with LRCiv 3 54.2(d)(1), the Court will reduce Plaintiff’s fee award by the amount Plaintiff’s counsel 4 billed for the preparation of the Motion for Attorneys’ Fees. See Jarman v. Am. Fam. 5 Ins. Co., No. CV-18-00526-PHX-SMB, 2021 WL 1947509 , at *3 (D. Ariz. May 14, 6 2021) (reducing fee award by amount spent on preparing fee application due to party’s 7 non-compliance with LRCiv 54.2’s personal consultation requirements); In re Arb. 8 Proceeding Between Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. John Deere Ins. Co., No. CV-15-00671-PHX9 PGR, 2016 WL 3951740 , at *1 (D. Ariz. July 22, 2016) (same). This results in a 10 reduction of $3,025.00.5 11 B. Reasonable Hourly Rates 12 Plaintiff supports its Motion with declarations by attorneys Andrew Rozynski 13 (“Rozynski”), a partner at the law firm Eisenberg & Baum, LLP (Doc. 116-1 at 2-11), 14 and William Richards (“Richards”), a managing member of Richards & Moskowitz PLC 15 and former managing member of Baskin Richards PLC (Doc. 116-1 at 38-47). Rozynski 16 describes his qualifications and those of Eisenberg & Baum, LLP timekeepers Reyna 17 Lubin (“Lubin”), David Hommel (“Hommel”), Andrew Clark (“Clark”), William Juhn 18 (“Juhn”), and Colton Wakefield (“Wakefield”). (Id. at 2-10.)6 In Southwest Fair — 19 — 5 The eliminated entries are as follows: 20 1.00 hours billed by RL on 3/9/23 ($275.00) 0.50 hours billed by AR on 3/9/23 ($175.00) 21 1.20 hours billed by AR on 3/10/23 ($420.00) 0.40 hours billed by SMM on 2/28/23 ($50.00) 22 0.20 billed by GJE on 3/1/23 ($45.00) 0.70 billed by WAR on 3/2/23 ($297.50) 23 1.10 hours billed by GJE on 3/2/23 ($247.50) 0.30 billed by NMR on 3/2/23 ($37.50) 24 0.50 hours billed by SMM on 3/2/23 ($62.50) 0.20 hours billed by SMM on 3/3/23 ($25.00) 25 2.00 hours billed by NMR on 3/9/23 ($250.00) 1.50 hours billed by WAR on 3/10/23 ($637.50) 26 0.30 hours billed by SMM on 3/10/23 ($37.50) 3.00 billed by NMR on 3/10/23 ($375.00) 27 0.40 hours billed by GJE on 3/10/23 ($90.00) (Doc. 116-1 at 34-35, 65-66.) 28 6 Rozynski describes the qualifications of Eric Baum and Cort McDonough, but the Court has located no timekeeping entries attributable to either individual in this case. 1 Housing Council v. WG Scottsdale LLC, No. 4:19-cv-00180-RM (“CV 19-180”), this 2 Court found the following rates reasonable for Eisenberg & Baum, LLP timekeepers: 3 $350 per hour for Rozynski, $275 per hour for Lubin, $275 per hour for Hommel, $225 4 per hour for Clark, and $125 per hour for paralegals and law clerks, including Wakefield. 5 (Doc. 170 at 11 in CV 19-180.) The Court finds those rates reasonable in the above6 captioned case as well, based on the qualifications discussed in Rozynski’s declaration. 7 The Court finds that the requested rate of $225 per hour is reasonable for Juhn, who 8 graduated from Georgetown University in 2016, who has co-authored summary judgment 9 briefs and appellate briefs with a focus on representation of deaf individuals, and whose 10 work in this matter involved editing dispositive motions. (See Doc. 116-1 at 9.) 11 In his declaration, Richards describes his qualifications and those of Baskin 12 Richards PLC and Richards & Moskowitz PLC timekeepers Peter Silverman 13 (“Silverman”), Shayna Stuart (“Stuart”), Austin Miller (“Miller”), David Wood 14 (“Wood”), Gideon Esakoff (“Esakoff”), and Kaitlyn Smith (“Smith”). (Doc. 116-1 at 3915 42.) In Southwest Fair Housing Council v. WG Scottsdale LLC, the Court found the 16 following rates reasonable for Baskin Richards PLC and Richards & Moskowitz PLC 17 timekeepers: $425 per hour for Richards, $350 per hour for Silverman, $275 per hour for 18 Stuart,7 $225 per hour for Miller, $300 per hour for Wood, and $125 per hour for 19 paralegals and law clerks. (Doc. 170 at 10 in CV 19-180.)8 The Court finds those rates 20 reasonable in the above-captioned case as well, based on the qualifications discussed in 21 Richards’s declaration. The Court finds that the requested rate of $225 is reasonable for 22 Esakoff, who graduated from Arizona State University Sandra Day O’Connor College of 23 Law in 2021 and first worked for Richards & Moskowitz PLC in 2020 as a law clerk, — 24 — 7 The Court will award $275 for the work Stuart performed at Richards & Moskowitz 25 PLC and $225 per hour for the work she performed at Baskin Richards PLC, as requested by Plaintiff. (See Doc. 116-1 at 41.) 26 8 The billing records of Richards & Moskowitz PLC include entries by timekeepers Maria Luque Villa, Nicole M. Rynearson, Gabriela Garcia, and Suzanna M. Morales, 27 who are not discussed in Richards’s declaration. (Doc. 116-1 at 68.) These individuals appear to be paralegals. The billing records of Baskin Richards PLC include an entry by 28 an individual with the initials SRP, who also appears to be a paralegal. (Doc. 116-1 at 70.) 1 gaining familiarity with the firm’s practice and clients. (Doc. 116-1 at 42.) 2 Defendant disputes the reasonableness of the rate charged for work performed by 3 Smith. (Doc. 121 at 14-15.) Richards’s declaration states that Smith worked on the 4 above-captioned case while a law student and seeks a rate of $125 per hour for work 5 performed by law clerks. (Doc. 116-1 at 42.) However, the billing records submitted in 6 conjunction with Richards’s declaration charge a rate of $225 per hour for Smith’s work. 7 (See id. at 63-65 .) In its Reply, Plaintiff argues that the rate of $225 per hour applies to 8 work Smith performed after becoming an attorney and that the rate is reasonable for a 9 young attorney. (Doc. 128 at 9.) Plaintiff submits evidence reflecting Smith’s admission 10 to the Arizona bar on October 31, 2022. (Doc. 128-1 at 4.) 11 The billing records attached to Plaintiff’s Motion reflect that Smith’s work on this 12 case was performed after her October 31, 2022 admission to the bar. (See Doc. 116-1 at 13 63-65.) Richards’s declaration, however, fails to adequately describe Smith’s 14 qualifications as an attorney; Richards notes only that Smith served as an extern while a 15 third-year law student. (Doc. 116-1 at 42.) The Court accordingly does not find that 16 Plaintiff has shown that a rate of $225 per hour is reasonable for the work Smith 17 performed as a new attorney. Based on the limited information about Smith that Plaintiff 18 has provided, the Court finds that a rate of $175 per hour is reasonable, which reduces the 19 total amount billed by Smith to $5,337.50. 20 C. Hours Reasonably Expended and Adjustment of Lodestar 21 Defendant argues that Plaintiff’s requested fee award is unreasonably high and 22 should be reduced because (1) Plaintiff seeks to recover fees attributable to multiple 23 lawsuits, including fees already recovered; (2) Plaintiff achieved only limited success; (3) 24 Plaintiff seeks recovery for administrative tasks that are not customarily charged for or 25 recovered in this jurisdiction; (4) Plaintiff seeks recovery for duplicative hours expended 26 on internal conferences and reviews; and (6) Eisenberg & Baum LLP’s billing 27 descriptions are inadequate and appear to have been enhanced post-hoc to make them 28 compliant with the descriptive requirements of Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2. (Doc. 1 121 at 6, 9-17.) 2 In reply, Plaintiff argues that the claims on which it succeeded are related to and 3 intertwined with the claims on which it did not succeed, such that a reduction of fees is 4 unwarranted. (Doc. 128 at 1-7.) Plaintiff disputes Defendant’s argument regarding 5 duplicative billing but adjusts its fee request downward by $1,860.00 to account for 6 potentially duplicative time entries. (Id. at 7-8.) Plaintiff argues that it properly billed for 7 tasks Defendant argues are clerical or related to internal conferences, and that the billing 8 records of Eisenberg & Baum LLP are appropriate. (Id. at 8-10.) 9 1. Duplicative Entries 10 A court may allow for the recovery of fees for work done on other cases if the 11 party seeking the fee award proves that the fees “incurred in the other litigation resulted 12 in work product that was actually utilized in the instant litigation, that the time spent on 13 [the] other litigation was ‘inextricably linked’ to the issues raised in the present litigation, 14 and that the [party] has not previously been compensated for those fees.” Gulfstream III 15 Assocs., Inc. v. Gulfstream Aerospace Corp., 995 F.2d 414 , 420 (3d Cir. 1993); see also 16 Bender v. Newell Window Furnishings, Inc., 560 F. App’x 469, 474 (6th Cir. 2014). 17 Plaintiff’s attorneys performed inextricably linked work that benefited multiple 18 related cases. However, the Court has located numerous timekeeping entries that appear 19 to be duplicative of entries for which Plaintiff has already recovered fees in CV 19-180. 20 See Gulfstream III Assocs., 995 F.2d at 420 (party seeking fees must prove it has not 21 previously been compensated for the fees). Plaintiff’s explanation for these apparently 22 duplicative entries is unsatisfactory. Plaintiff claims that the entries were split into thirds 23 and billed in three cases. (Doc. 128 at 7-8 (explaining that, “[i]n some cases,” work was 24 split “into thirds” and “one-third of the total effort” was billed to each of three cases); see 25 also Doc. 116-1 at 46 (“to the extent any time entry here relates to an overlapping effort, 26 it has been tailored to a portion of the effort that can reasonably be related to this specific 27 case”).) However, nothing in the timekeeping records themselves indicates these entries — 28 — 1 have been split between cases.9 Plaintiff appears to concede that some of the entries are 2 indeed duplicative and has reduced its fee request accordingly. (See Doc. 128-1 at 2.) 3 However, a review of the docket indicates that entries that Plaintiff has not eliminated 4 from its fee request are duplicative. For example, Plaintiff requests reimbursement of 5 3.60 hours for Rozynski’s attendance at a November 5, 2021 settlement conference and 6 3.80 hours for his attendance at a March 30, 2022 settlement conference. (Doc. 116-1 at 7 28-29.) Plaintiff also requested and received reimbursement for identical timekeeping 8 entries in CV 19-180. (Doc. 128-1 at 33-34 in CV-19-180.) The settlement conference 9 on November 5, 2021, lasted approximately 3.60 hours (Doc. 79) and the settlement 10 conference on March 30, 2022, lasted approximately 3.80 hours (Doc. 91). Accordingly, 11 it appears that Plaintiff charged the full amount of Rozynski’s time for attending those 12 conferences in both CV 19-180 and the above-captioned case, rather than charging only a 13 portion of his time in each case. 14 Plaintiff’s Reply avers that Richards’s April 19, 2018 and May 2, 2018 entries,10 15 Silverman’s May 24, 2019 entry, and a law clerk’s July 9, 2021 and July 14, 2021 entries 16 reflect times split between cases. (Doc. 128 at 7-8.) Accordingly, the Court will not 17 reduce Plaintiff’s attorneys’ fee award based on the apparent duplication of those entries. 18 However, because Plaintiff has not adequately explained other apparently duplicative 19 entries that seem to request reimbursement of fees already obtained in CV 19-180, the 20 Court will eliminate the fees reflected in the following charts from Plaintiff’s attorneys’ 21 fee award, resulting in a total reduction of $18,587.50. See LRCiv 54.2(e)(2) (court may 22 reduce award if party fails to adequately describe the services rendered such “that the 23 reasonableness of the charge can be evaluated”).11 — 24 — 9 Plaintiff highlighted certain pre-consolidation entries to indicate they were split between 25 cases. (See Doc. 116-1 at 70.) None of the apparently duplicative entries listed below were highlighted. 26 10 Plaintiff’s Reply refers to a May 2, 2019 entry (Doc. 128 at 7), but the year appears to have been a typo (see Doc. 116-1 at 70). 27 11 To the extent some of the entries reflected in the following charts were excluded from the attorneys’ fee award in CV 19-180 because the corresponding entries filed in that case 28 were insufficiently descriptive, the Court finds Plaintiff is not entitled to a second chance at recovering attorneys’ fees for those entries in this case. 1 Eisenberg & Baum LLP: 2 Date Timekeeper Time Abbreviated Citation Description 3 4/18/18 AR 0.30 Confer with Jay Compare Doc. and Erica re: 116-1 at 14, 4 Complaint with Doc. 128-1 at 16 in CV 195 180 5/31/19 AR 0.30 Review/edit Compare Doc. 6 Rule 26(f) 116-1 at 16, Report with Doc. 128-1 7 at 21 in 19-180 9/18/19 AR 0.10 E-mail Compare Doc. — 8 — opposing 116-1 at 17, counsel re: with Doc. 128-1 — 9 — settlement at 21 in 19-180 11/1/19 AR 0.10 Review Compare Doc. — 10 — stipulation to 116-1 at 17, amend with Doc. 128-1 — 11 — scheduling at 22 in 19-180 order — 12 — 11/11/19 AR 0.20 Confer with Compare Doc. 13 Oller re: 116-1 at 17; settlement with Doc. 128-1 14 at 22 in 19-180 1/2/20 AR 0.10 Stipulation and Compare Doc. 15 Motion to 116-1 at 17, Amend with Doc. 128-1 16 Scheduling at 23 in 19-180 Order 17 5/10/21 RL 2.0 Draft sections Compare Doc. of Daubert 116-1 at 27, 18 Motion with Doc. 128-1 at 32 19 5/11/21 RL 1.70 Draft sections Compare Doc. of Daubert 116-1 at 27, 20 Motion with Doc. 128-1 at 32 21 11/5/21 AR 3.60 Settlement Compare Doc. conference 116-1 at 28, 22 with Doc. 128-1 at 33 23 3/30/22 AR 3.80 Settlement Compare Doc. conference 116-1 at 29, 24 with Doc. 128-1 at 34 25 . . . . 26 . . . . 27 . . . . 28 . . . . 1 Richards & Moskowitz PLC: 2 Date Timekeeper Time Description Citation 6/1/21 MLV 0.20 Prepare pretrial Compare Doc. 3 conference 116-1 at 60, binder for with Doc. 128-2 4 Richards and at 22 in 19-180 Stuart 5 7/26/21 MLV 1.00 Pull exhibits for Compare Doc. settlement 116-1 at 60, 6 position with Doc. 128-2 statement; at 25 in 19-180 7 finalize and email statement 8 to Judge Ferraro — 9 — 1/6/22 MLV 0.70 Rename and Compare Doc. organize trial 116-1 at 60, — 10 — exhibits with Doc. 128-2 at 28 — 11 — 1/13/22 MLV 0.50 Upload Compare Doc. Plaintiff’s trial 116-1 at 60, — 12 — exhibits to lpro with Doc. 128-2 at 28 in 19-180 — 13 — 3/9/22 LCP 4.90 Draft response Compare Doc. 14 to Motion to 116-1 at 61, Transfer Venue with Doc. 128-2 15 at 31 in 19-180 . . . . — 16 — . . . . — 17 — Baskin Richards PLC: — 18 — 19 Date Timekeeper Time Description Citation 11/30/17 WAR 0.10 Confer with Compare Doc. 20 Rozynski and 116-1 at 70, Southwest Fair with Doc. 12821 Housing Council 2 at 43 personnel 22 8/10/18 AJM 0.50 Review case Compare Doc. documents for 116-1 at 70, 23 MIDP responses; with Doc. 128draft MIDP 2 at 43 in 1924 responses 180 8/13/18 AJM 0.30 Draft MIDP Compare Doc. 25 responses; review 116-1 at 70, client documents with Doc. 12826 for same 2 at 43 in 19180 27 10/10/18 DEW 0.20 Review Complaint Compare Doc. and notes from 116-1 at 70, 28 meet and confer with Doc. 128conference; review 2 at 43 in 191 and revise joint 180 report 2 11/5/18 DEW 0.10 Review cases Compare Doc. referenced in draft 116-1 at 70, 3 for public orders with Doc. 128and holdings 2 at 44 4 5/30/19 PAS 0.10 Confer with Compare Doc. Lockner regarding 116-1 at 70, 5 joint report with Doc. 1282 at 44 in 196 180 5/31/19 PAS 0.10 Revise draft joint Compare Doc. 7 case management 116-1 at 70, report with Doc. 1288 2 at 44 6/4/19 PAS 0.20 Prepare for and Compare Doc. 9 attend Rule 16 116-1 at 70, telephonic with Doc. 12810 conference 2 at 44 1/21/20 PAS 0.60 Confer with Compare Doc. 11 Hardwick re: 116-1 at 74, depositions; with Doc. 12812 assemble records 2 at 46 for depositions 13 1/22/20 PAS 2.40 Prepare for, attend, Compare Doc. and confer re: 116-1 at 74, 14 depositions of with Doc. 128Beebe and Johnson 2 at 46 — 15 — 1/23/20 PAS 2.80 Prepare for, attend, Compare Doc. and confer re: 116-1 at 74, — 16 — depositions of with Doc. 128Young and 2 at 46 — 17 — Hardwick 1/24/20 PAS 0.90 Prepare for and Compare Doc. — 18 — attend deposition 116-1 at 74, of Pehlic; Rule with Doc. 12819 30(b)(5) deposition 2 at 46 notice and — 20 — discovery responses — 21 — 1/27/20 PAS 0.20 Research contact Compare Doc. 22 information for fact 116-1 at 74, witnesses with Doc. 12823 2 at 46 1/28/20 PAS 0.20 Schedule defendant Compare Doc. 24 depositions 116-1 at 74, with Doc. 12825 2 at 46 1/29/20 PAS 0.40 Prepare for Compare Doc. 26 depositions; confer 116-1 at 74, with Leslie with Doc. 12827 2 at 46 1/30/20 PAS 0.40 Confer with Baum Compare Doc. 28 and Rozynski; 116-1 at 74, deposition outlines with Doc. 1281 2 at 46 1/31/20 PAS 0.40 Confer with Baum Compare Doc. 2 and Rozynski; 116-1 at 74, 30(b)(6) deposition with Doc. 1283 notices 2 at 46 2/3/20 PAS 1.20 Confer with Baum, Compare Doc. 4 Leslie, and Oller; 116-1 at 74, review documents with Doc. 1285 and work on 2 at 46 logistics for 6 depositions 2/4/20 PAS 1.60 Confer with Compare Doc. 7 Baum; Rule 45 116-1 at 74, subpoenas and with Doc. 1288 deposition notices; 2 at 46 review records for 9 depositions 2/5/20 PAS 1.00 Confer with Baum, Compare Doc. 10 Leslie, Harris; 116-1 at 74-75, deposition with Doc. 12811 preparation 2 at 46 2/6/20 PAS 1.20 Deposition Compare Doc. 12 outline/preparation; 116-1 at 75, confer with Leslie; with Doc. 12813 revise Rule 2 at 47 30(b)(6) deposition 14 notice 2/7/20 PAS 1.30 Review Compare Doc. 15 supplemental 116-1 at 75, production; with Doc. 12816 deposition 2 at 47 logistics; confer 17 with Baum; deposition outlines 18 and exhibits 2/8/20 PAS 0.90 Deposition outline Compare Doc. — 19 — 116-1 at 75, with Doc. 12820 2 at 47 2/9/20 PAS 2.00 Deposition outlines Compare Doc. — 21 — 116-1 at 75, with Doc. 12822 2 at 47 23 2/10/20 PAS 0.40 Confer with Baum Compare Doc. and visit Griffin 116-1 at 75, 24 Group re: 30(b)(6) with Doc. 128deposition 2 at 47 25 2/11/20 PAS 1.60 Prepare for and Compare Doc. attend 30(b)(6) 116-1 at 75, 26 deposition of with Doc. 128Mejia; confer with 2 at 47 27 Baum 2/12/20 PAS 0.20 Confer with Leslie, Compare Doc. 28 Goodwin, 116-1 at 75, Hardwick with Doc. 1281 2 at 47 2/13/20 PAS 0.80 Confer with Compare Doc. 2 Hardwick, Baum, 116-1 at 75, Oller; email to with Doc. 1283 opposing counsel; 2 at 47 supplemental 4 discovery responses 5 2/14/20 PAS 0.80 Confer with Oller, Compare Doc. Baum; draft 116-1 at 75, 6 stipulation to with Doc. 128extend deadlines 2 at 47 7 2/18/20 PAS 0.20 Responses to Compare Doc. follow-up 116-1 at 75, 8 discovery requests with Doc. 1282 at 47 9 2/20/20 PAS 0.50 Confer with Compare Doc. Hardwick; 116-1 at 75, 10 responses to with Doc. 128follow-up 2 at 47-48 11 discovery requests 2/21/20 PAS 1.0 Follow-up Compare Doc. 12 discovery; research 116-1 at 76, regarding elements with Doc. 12813 of claims 2 at 48 2/22/20 PAS 0.30 Email exchange Compare Doc. 14 with Hardwick; 116-1 at 76, review documents with Doc. 12815 re: follow-up 2 at 48 discovery requests — 16 — 2/24/20 PAS 0.40 Confer with Compare Doc. Hardwick; review 116-1 at 76, — 17 — documents for with Doc. 128disclosure 2 at 48 — 18 — 2/25/20 PAS 1.60 Confer with Compare Doc. Rozynski and 116-1 at 76, — 19 — Hardwick; with Doc. 128supplemental 2 at 48 — 20 — MIDP responses 21 2/26/20 PAS 2.40 Supplemental Compare Doc. MIDP responses; 116-1 at 76, 22 additional with Doc. 128discovery 2 at 48 23 requests/disclosure; confer with 24 Rozynski 2/27/20 PAS 2.00 Confer with Compare Doc. 25 Hardwick, 116-1 at 76, Richards, Leslie; with Doc. 12826 review documents 2 at 48 and website; 27 supplemental MIDP responses 28 2/28/20 PAS 0.90 Supplemental Compare Doc. MIDP responses; 116-1 at 76, 1 confer with with Doc. 128Hardwick 2 at 48 2 3/3/20 PAS 1.90 Supplemental Compare Doc. discovery 116-1 at 76, 3 responses and with Doc. 128document 2 at 48 4 production; confer with Hardwick, 5 Young 3/4/20 PAS 0.80 Supplemental Compare Doc. 6 discovery 116-1 at 76, responses and with Doc. 1287 document 2 at 48 production 8 3/5/20 PAS 0.70 Supplemental Compare Doc. discovery 116-1 at 76, 9 responses with Doc. 1282 at 48 10 3/6/20 PAS 0.90 Confer with Leslie; Compare Doc. research case law 116-1 at 76-77, 11 and factual record with Doc. 1282 at 48-49 12 3/11/20 PAS 0.30 Review case law Compare Doc. for summary 116-1 at 77, 13 judgment motion with Doc. 1282 at 49 14 3/13/20 PAS 0.50 Review case law Compare Doc. for summary 116-1 at 77, 15 judgment motion with Doc. 1282 at 49 — 16 — 3/27/20 PAS 0.60 Research and Compare Doc. review file for 116-1 at 77, — 17 — summary judgment with Doc. 128motion 2 at 49 — 18 — 4/8/20 PAS 0.60 Review case law Compare Doc. and case records 116-1 at 77, — 19 — for summary with Doc. 128judgment motion 2 at 49 — 20 — 4/15/20 PAS 0.50 Review case Compare Doc. 21 records for 116-1 at 77, summary judgment with Doc. 12822 motion 2 at 49 4/20/20 PAS 0.10 Confer with Compare Doc. 23 Rozynski 116-1 at 77, with Doc. 12824 2 at 49 5/11/20 PAS 0.30 Draft joint Compare Doc. 25 settlement status 116-1 at 77, report; confer with with Doc. 12826 Leslie 2 at 49 27 . . . . 28 . . . . 1 2. Clerical Tasks 2 Depending on the prevailing practice in the relevant market, skilled paralegal work 3 may be billed at market rates. Missouri v. Jenkins, 491 U.S. 274, 288 (1989). “By 4 encouraging the use of lower cost paralegals rather than attorneys wherever possible, 5 permitting market-rate billing of paralegal hours encourages cost-effective delivery of 6 legal services and, by reducing the spiraling cost of civil rights litigation, furthers the 7 policies underlying civil rights statutes.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). 8 However, “purely clerical or secretarial tasks should not be billed at a paralegal rate, 9 regardless of who performs them.” Id. at 288 n.10. Rather, purely clerical tasks, such as 10 filing and document organization, should be “subsumed in firm overhead rather than 11 billed at paralegal rates.” Nadarajah v. Holder, 569 F.3d 906, 921 (9th Cir. 2009). 12 The Court finds the entries listed in the chart below to be purely clerical in nature 13 and therefore deletes them from Plaintiff’s attorneys’ fees award, resulting in a total 14 reduction of $1,637.50.12 15 Date Timekeeper Time Abbreviated Citation Description 16 4/3/17 AR 0.10 Set up meeting Doc. 116-1 at — 13 — 17 11/28/17 AR 0.20 Set up meeting Doc. 116-1 at — 13 — — 18 — 4/27/18 AR 0.20 Set up meeting Doc. 116-1 at — 14 — — 19 — 6/6/19 AR 0.30 Review and Doc. 116-1 at docket 16 — 20 — scheduling order — 21 — 5/20/20 PAS 0.30 Assemble and Doc. 116-1 at 22 email 77 documents 23 4/7/21 SGS 0.10 Identify bates Doc. 116-1 at numbers for 59 24 exhibits and circulate draft 25 pretrial order 10/13/22 GCG 0.10 Prepare Doc. 116-1 at 26 ShareFile link 62 with juror 27 questionnaires 10/20/22 NMR 0.30 Locate and Doc. 116-1 at — 28 — 12 Clerical entries that have already been deleted as duplicative are excluded. 1 organize 62 exhibits 2 10/21/22 GCG 2.10 Organize Doc. 116-1 at exhibits in trial 62 3 binder and copy onto flash drive 4 10/24/22 NMR 4.10 Print and Doc. 116-1 at organize 63 5 exhibits 10/24/22 GCG 3.20 Print and Doc. 116-1 at 6 organize 63 exhibits — 7 — 8 . . . . 9 3. Internal Conferences 10 It is not “necessarily unreasonable” for multiple timekeepers to request fees for the 11 same task, but “fee requests must not be duplicative or reflect an excessive amount of 12 time spent on a task.” RHN Inc. v. CNA Nat’l Warranty Corp., No. CV-19-02960-PHX13 GMS, 2021 WL 100858 , at *2-3 (D. Ariz. 2021). For example, it may be unreasonable to 14 bill for multiple attorneys attending the same internal meetings. See id. at *3 . 15 Defendant has not shown that Plaintiff unreasonably billed multiple times for 16 internal meetings. Accordingly, the Court declines to reduce Plaintiff’s attorneys’ fee 17 award on this basis. 18 4. Vague Entries 19 The entries in the following chart are too vague for the Court to ascertain their 20 reasonableness, and therefore the fees associated with the entries will be reduced or 21 eliminated from Plaintiff’s attorneys’ fee award, resulting in a total reduction of $822.50. 22 See LRCiv 54.2(e)(2) (court may reduce award if party fails to adequately describe the 23 services rendered such “that the reasonableness of the charge can be evaluated”).13 24 Date Timekeeper Time Abbreviated Citation Description 25 4/12/18 AR 0.20 Correspondence Doc. 116-1 at with Hardwick 14 26 re: evidence 10/19/19 AR 0.25 Review Doc. 116-1 at 27 discovery and 17 28 13 The Court herein lists the time values that are being removed, which do not necessarily correspond to the recorded hours. 1 take notes 11/5/19 AR 0.10 Review Court Doc. 116-1 at 2 Order 17 12/4/19 AR 0.20 Settlement Doc. 116-1 at 3 discussions 17 1/6/20 AR 0.10 Review Court Doc. 116-1 at 4 Order 18 1/14/20 AR 0.15 Review and Doc. 116-1 at 5 provide 18 feedback on 6 supplemental responses 7 5/28/20 AR 0.50 Conversation Doc. 116-1 at about change of 21 8 strategy on summary 9 judgment motion 10 5/11/21 AR 0.30 Draft/edit Doc. 116-1 at motion in 27 11 limine 5/12/21 AR 0.15 Advise on Doc. 116-1 at — 12 — strategy for 27 motion in — 13 — limine 12/16/21 AR 0.20 Advise on Doc. 116-1 at — 14 — proposed voir 28 dire — 15 — 2/11/22 AR 0.20 Advise on Doc. 116-1 at 16 proposed jury 28 instructions 17 . . . . 18 The elimination of fees associated with duplicative, clerical, and vague time 19 entries; the reduction in Smith’s hourly rate; the elimination of fees associated with the 20 preparation of Plaintiff’s Motion for Attorneys’ Fees; and the elimination of fees 21 removed by Plaintiff in its Reply results in a total reduction of $27,457.50 and a lodestar 22 figure of $133,975.00 23 5. Post-Hoc Enhancement of Eisenberg & Baum LLP Billing Records 24 Attorneys’ fees are generally not compensable when attorneys fail to maintain 25 contemporaneous time records. Ariz. Dream Act Coal. v. Brewer, No. CV 12-0254626 PHX-DGC, 2018 WL 6448395 , at *7-8 (D. Ariz. Dec. 10, 2018) (reducing fee award 27 because some timesheets appeared to have been “created or elaborated after the work was 28 performed”); see also Hensley, 461 U.S. at 438 n.13 (affirming across-the-board 1 reduction for lack of contemporaneous time records). “It is not enough to recreate the 2 records from documents, calendars, and other extrinsic evidence.” Ariz. Dream Act 3 Coal., 2018 WL 6448395 , at *7. 4 Plaintiff indicates that Eisenberg & Baum LLP kept contemporaneous 5 timekeeping records but removed information from them when it submitted them in CV 6 19-180, to avoid disclosing to Defendant strategies and attorney work product. (Doc. 128 7 at 9-10.) The Court finds this explanation lacking. If Plaintiff had removed information 8 when submitting the timekeeping records of Eisenberg & Baum LLP in CV 19-180 in 9 order to avoid disclosing strategy or work product, the Court would expect Plaintiff to 10 have provided that explanation in its Reply filed in CV 19-180 after Defendant 11 challenged the descriptive sufficiency of the timekeeping records in that case; however, 12 Plaintiff did not do so. (See Doc. 151 at 7-8 in CV 19-180.) Defendant’s explanation for 13 the descriptive differences in the timekeeping records submitted in CV 19-180 and the 14 present case—that Eisenberg & Baum LLP made post hoc enhancements to the 15 descriptions in their timekeeping records—appears more plausible based on the record 16 before the Court. Because post hoc enhancement likely occurred only to timekeeping 17 entries recorded prior to the filing of Defendant’s opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for 18 Attorneys’ Fees in CV 19-180 (see Doc. 136 in CV 19-180), the Court will subtract 20% 19 of Eisenberg & Baum LLP’s fees for entries reflecting work performed prior to June 14, 20 2022, resulting in a total additional reduction of $8,383.50 and a lodestar figure of 21 $125,591.50. The Court will entertain reconsideration of this reduction if Plaintiff 22 submits metadata showing there was no post hoc alteration of Eisenberg & Baum LLP’s 23 billing records. 24 6. Limited Success 25 Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s fee award should be reduced by $93,225.00, 26 reflecting fees not directly attributable to the doorbell issue on which Plaintiff prevailed. 27 (Doc. 121 at 9-12.) The Court declines to parse Plaintiff’s timekeeping entries to 28 determine whether they reflect tasks directly related to the doorbell issue, as doing so 1 would be unnecessarily burdensome and time-consuming. However, the Court agrees 2 that Plaintiff’s limited success in this matter warrants a slight adjustment to the lodestar 3 figure. See Harris v. Marhoefer, 24 F.3d 16, 18-19 (9th Cir. 1994) (affirming across-the4 board reduction for limited success); see also Ferland v. Conrad Credit Corp., 244 F.3d 5 1145, 1150 (9th Cir. 2001) (court may reduce the lodestar figure on an across-the-board 6 basis so long as it explains that choice). 7 The Court granted summary judgment in Defendant’s favor on Plaintiff’s claim 8 regarding Defendant’s alleged failure to provide an ASL interpreter. (Doc. 62.) That 9 claim formed a significant part of this litigation, but the work that Plaintiff’s attorneys 10 expended prosecuting that claim was in large part intertwined with the work expended on 11 the doorbell claim on which Plaintiff prevailed. Accordingly, the Court finds that an 12 overall downward adjustment of 10% of the lodestar figure sufficiently accounts for 13 Plaintiff’s limited success. The other factors—including the time involved in this case 14 and the resultant preclusion of other work, the nature of the case, the contingent fee at 15 issue, and the experience and ability of counsel—all support an award of the lodestar 16 figure without further adjustment. See Carter, 757 F.3d at 869 .14 A 10% downward 17 adjustment of the lodestar figure results in a reduction of $12,559.15. Accordingly, 18 Plaintiff’s total attorneys’ fee award is $113,032.35. 19 D. Expenses 20 Plaintiff requests an award of $3,255.05 in non-taxable expenses, including 21 $2,455.05 in travel-related expenses and $800.00 in expert witness fees. (Doc. 116 at 1222 14; see also Doc. 116-1 at 80, 82, 84, 86-87, 89.) Defendant objects to Plaintiff’s request 23 for expert witness fees, as Plaintiff’s expert only opined regarding the ASL interpreter 24 issue and did not testify at the bench trial in this matter. (Doc. 121 at 11 n.4.) Plaintiff 25 did not specifically respond to this argument. (See Doc. 128.) 26 Dr. Shepard-Kegel did not testify at the bench trial in this matter, and Plaintiff has — 27 — 14 To the extent Defendant argues that the lodestar figure should be adjusted downward 28 due to Plaintiff’s settlement negotiation tactics (see Doc. 121), the Court declines to make any adjustment on that basis. 1|| not shown that the $800.00 in expert witness fees charged by Dr. Shepard-Kegel || benefitted the claims on which Plaintiff prevailed in this litigation. Accordingly, the Court will reduce Plaintiff's award of non-taxable expenses by $800.00. The Court will award $2,422.25 in travel-related expenses.!° 5 IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiff's Motion for Attorneys’ Fees, Costs, and 6|| Litigation Expenses (Doc. 116) is partially granted. Plaintiff is awarded $113,032.35 in || attorneys’ fees and $2,422.25 in non-taxable expenses. 8 Dated this 7th day of July, 2023. — 9 — — 10 — 12 MNGUCHL Honorable Rosemary Mafquez 13 United States District □□□□□ — 14 — — 15 — — 16 — — 17 — — 18 — — 19 — — 20 — — 21 — — 22 — 15 Plaintiff requests $1,913.40 in Lubin’s travel-related expenses and attaches receipts reflecting $1,065.20 spent on plane tickets and $1,087.20 spent on lodging. (Doc. 116-1 241 at 80, 86-87.) Plaintiff indicates that Lubin did not stay the entire period reflected on the lodging receipt, and Plaintiff avers that it removed one-fourth of the lodging charge in 25 light of Lubin’s shortened stay. (Doc. 116-1 at 80 n.1.) By the Court’s calculation, the removal of one-fourth of the charge reflected on the lodging receipt results in a lodging 26 expense of $815.40. Plaintiff has not adequately described how it calculated its higher figure. See LRCiv *4.2()(3) (a party’s failure to adequately itemize and verily nontaxable expenses may result in their disallowance). Accordingly, the Court awards only $1,880.60 for Lubin’s travel-related expenses. The Court awards the full $470.96 28 requested for Richards’s lodging expenses and the $70.69 requested for food expenses during travel for the trial period. -23-