Villalta v. Superior Court of California County of Orange

[6] 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [9] 10 JOSE G. VILLALTA, No. 1:20-cv-01245-NONE-EPG 11 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, RECOMMENDING PLAINTIFF’S 12 v. COMPLAINT BE DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE FOR FAILURE TO STATE A 13 SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA, CLAIM WITHOUT LEAVE TO AMEND COUNTY OF ORANGE, et al., 14 (ECF NO. 1) Defendants. 15 TWENTY-ONE DAY DEADLINE [16] 17 Plaintiff Jose G. Villalta (“Plaintiff”) is a state inmate proceeding pro se in this civil rights 18 action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 . Plaintiff filed the Complaint commencing this action on 19 September 2, 2020. (ECF No. 1). The Complaint brings claims that relate to occurrences before 20 trial, immediately after trial, and at prison. Plaintiff names the Superior Court of California, 21 County of Orange as a defendant. On September 29, 2020, the Court screened Plaintiff’s 22 complaint, found that he failed to state a claim, provided relevant legal standards, and granted 23 leave to amend. (ECF No. 3). On October 26, 2020, Plaintiff filed a notice, stating that he chooses 24 to stand on his complaint rather than amend it. (ECF No. 5). 25 For the reasons that follow, the Court recommends that Plaintiff’s complaint be dismissed, 26 with prejudice, and without leave to amend. Plaintiff may file objections to these findings and 27 recommendations within twenty-one days of the date of service of this order, which will be 28 reviewed by the district judge. 1 I. SCREENING REQUIREMENT 2 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by inmates seeking relief against a 3 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The 4 Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the inmate has raised claims that are legally 5 “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seek 6 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). 7 As Plaintiff is proceeding in forma pauperis, the Court may also screen the complaint under 28 8 U.S.C. § 1915 . “Notwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may have been paid, 9 the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines that the action or appeal fails to 10 state a claim upon which relief may be granted.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915 (e)(2)(B)(ii). 11 A complaint is required to contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that 12 the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not 13 required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere 14 conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell 15 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Plaintiff must set forth “sufficient factual 16 matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id. (quoting 17 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570 ). The mere possibility of misconduct falls short of meeting this 18 plausibility standard. Id. at 679 . While a plaintiff’s allegations are taken as true, courts “are not 19 required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d 677 , 681 20 (9th Cir. 2009) (citation and quotation marks omitted). Additionally, a plaintiff’s legal 21 conclusions are not accepted as true. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 . 22 Pleadings of pro se plaintiffs “must be held to less stringent standards than formal 23 pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010) (holding that 24 pro se complaints should continue to be liberally construed after Iqbal). 25 II. ALLEGATIONS IN THE COMPLAINT 26 A. Claim I 27 Claim I begins by quoting California Penal Code § 1203.01(a) in full. That statute 28 concerns the views the judge or district attorney has about a person who has just been convicted 1 or sentenced. Then the complaint reads: [2] This never happen and wasn’t deliver to me, that’s why the counselor are denying 3 my request Privacy Act information and pointing to the CDCR BOP Sacramento. 4 The unprecedented sentencing with a multiple charges same & similar offenses violates U.S.S.G. Access to the Court, Double Jeopardy Cruel & unusual 5 punishment & Due Process, Equal Protection Destroyed my family by separating us. PC 269 – aggravated assault, GBI but no DNA evidence, offense date is [6] mystery 8-24-99 not born yet, my daughter born 10-10-99 They’d have the same 7 ages by the accuser. B. Claim II [8] Plaintiff, who used the civil rights complaint form for this district, stated his claims arose [9] under: “Amendment’s 5, 8, 14 Due Process, Equal Protection, Double Jeopardy, Cruel & Unusual [10] Punishment.” Plaintiff cites gives purported descriptions for two cases: Sanders v. English, 950 11 F.2d 1152 (5th Cir. 1992) and Sellers v. Bureau of Prisons, 959 F.2d 307 (D.C. Cir. 1992). [12] As his injury, Plaintiff wrote identified four groups: [13] 14 Investigator’s – Police misconduct Prosecutor’s – Prosecutorial misconduct 15 Judge – Judicial Abuse CDCR – BOP – Warden [16] Plaintiff the alleges that those groups were: “working together for mass incarceration [17] Prison Profit, easy Target for poor, middle income families, but not to rich, famous as Hon. [18] Justice Kavanaugh. No one is above the law for them.” [19] C. Claim III [20] The supporting facts for Claim III reads as follows (legal arguments omitted): [21] 22 But this J. Boyd correctional officer gave a false report. Report title 15 of Section 3017 failure to present at count time, then the Sgt. Eaton & Capotain Townsend 23 convicted me guilty lost of credit 30 days & the 12 weeks credit, without a procedural due process. [24] 25 In connection with those supporting facts, Plaintiff alleges the following injuries: [26] This J. Boyd correctional officer he will go online check your charges and destroy 27 your reputation and you can become a threat to the community for exposing your charges and giving continuous false report. No respect with elderly inmates under 28 ADA, his response that he doesn’t care. Don’t know the Armstrong Remedial 1 Plan. 2 III. SECTION 1983 3 The Civil Rights Act under which this action was filed provides: Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or [4] usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to 5 be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities 6 secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress . . . . [8] 42 U.S.C. § 1983 . “[Section] 1983 ‘is not itself a source of substantive rights,’ but merely 9 provides ‘a method for vindicating federal rights elsewhere conferred.’” Graham v. Connor, 490 10 U.S. 386 , 393-94 (1989) (quoting Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. 137 , 144 n.3 (1979)); see also 11 Chapman v. Houston Welfare Rights Org., 441 U.S. 600, 618 (1979); Hall v. City of Los Angeles, [12] 697 F.3d 1059, 1068 (9th Cir. 2012); Crowley v. Nevada, 678 F.3d 730 , 734 (9th Cir. 2012); 13 Anderson v. Warner, 451 F.3d 1063, 1067 (9th Cir. 2006). 14 To state a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that (1) the defendant acted under 15 color of state law, and (2) the defendant deprived him of rights secured by the Constitution or 16 federal law. Long v. County of Los Angeles, 442 F.3d 1178, 1185 (9th Cir. 2006); see also Marsh 17 v. Cnty. of San Diego, 680 F.3d 1148, 1158 (9th Cir. 2012) (discussing “under color of state 18 law”). A person deprives another of a constitutional right, “within the meaning of § 1983, ‘if he 19 does an affirmative act, participates in another’s affirmative act, or omits to perform an act which 20 he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which complaint is made.’” Preschooler 21 II v. Clark Cnty. Sch. Bd. of Trs., 479 F.3d 1175 , 1183 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting Johnson v. Duffy, [22] 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978)). “The requisite causal connection may be established when an 23 official sets in motion a ‘series of acts by others which the actor knows or reasonably should 24 know would cause others to inflict’ constitutional harms.” Preschooler II, 479 F.3d at 1183 25 (quoting Johnson, 588 F.2d at 743 ). This standard of causation “closely resembles the standard 26 ‘foreseeability’ formulation of proximate cause.” Arnold v. Int’l Bus. Mach. Corp., 637 F.2d 27 1350, 1355 (9th Cir. 1981); see also Harper v. City of Los Angeles, 533 F.3d 1010, 1026 (9th Cir. 28 2008). 1 Additionally, a plaintiff must demonstrate that each named defendant personally 2 participated in the deprivation of his rights. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676-77 . In other words, there must 3 be an actual connection or link between the actions of the defendants and the deprivation alleged 4 to have been suffered by Plaintiff. See Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs. of City of N.Y., 436 U.S. 5 658, 691, 695 (1978). 6 Supervisory personnel are generally not liable under § 1983 for the actions of their 7 employees under a theory of respondeat superior and, therefore, when a named defendant holds a 8 supervisory position, the causal link between him and the claimed constitutional violation must be 9 specifically alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676-77 ; Fayle v. Stapley, 607 F.2d 858, 862 (9th Cir. 10 1979); Mosher v. Saalfeld, 589 F.2d 438, 441 (9th Cir. 1978). To state a claim for relief under 11 § 1983 based on a theory of supervisory liability, a plaintiff must allege some facts that would 12 support a claim that the supervisory defendants either personally participated in the alleged 13 deprivation of constitutional rights; knew of the violations and failed to act to prevent them; or 14 promulgated or “implement[ed] a policy so deficient that the policy itself is a repudiation of 15 constitutional rights’ and is ‘the moving force of the constitutional violation.” Hansen v. Black, [16] 885 F.2d 642, 646 (9th Cir. 1989) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted); Taylor v. List, [17] 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989). For instance, a supervisor may be liable for his “own 18 culpable action or inaction in the training, supervision, or control of his subordinates,” “his 19 acquiescence in the constitutional deprivations of which the complaint is made,” or “conduct that 20 showed a reckless or callous indifference to the rights of others.” Larez v. City of Los Angeles, [21] 946 F.2d 630, 646 (9th Cir. 1991) (internal citations, quotation marks, and alterations omitted). 22 IV. ANALYSIS OF PLAINTIFF’S CLAIMS 23 A. Pleading Rules 24 Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires a complaint to contain “a short 25 and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26 8(a)(2). Although a complaint is not required to include detailed factual allegations, it must set 27 forth “sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 28 face.’” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 . The complaint must specifically state what each defendant did that 1 violated the plaintiff’s constitutional rights. 2 Plaintiff’s Complaint does not comply with this rule. It does not include a short and plain 3 statement of the claim showing that Plaintiff is entitled to relief. It is difficult to understand and 4 contains mostly sentence fragments. It also alleges injuries without identifying any clear factual 5 predicate, e.g., “Investigator’s – Police misconduct”. 6 A complaint must also comply with the requirements of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 7 18 and 20. Under these rules, a plaintiff may not proceed on a myriad of unrelated claims against 8 different defendants in a single action. Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a), 20(a)(2). “The controlling principle 9 appears in Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a): ‘A party asserting a claim to relief as an original claim, 10 counterclaim, cross-claim, or third party claim, may join, either as independent or as alternate 11 claims, as many claims, legal, equitable, or maritime, as the party has against an opposing party.’ 12 Thus multiple claims against a single party are fine, but Claim A against Defendant 1 should not 13 be joined with unrelated Claim B against Defendant 2. Unrelated claims against different 14 defendants belong in different suits, not only to prevent the sort of morass [a multiple claim, 15 multiple defendant] suit produce[s], but also to ensure that prisoners pay the required filing fees16 for the Prison Litigation Reform Act limits to 3 the number of frivolous suits or appeals that any 17 prisoner may file without prepayment of the required fees. 28 U.S.C. § 1915 (g).” K’napp v. 18 California Dept. of Corrections, 2013 WL 5817765 , at *2 (E.D. Cal., Oct. 29, 2013), aff’d sub 19 nom. K’napp v. California Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation, 599 Fed. App’x. 791 (9th Cir. 20 2015) (alteration in original) (quoting George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007); see 21 also Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2) (“Persons … may be joined in one action as defendants if: (A) any 22 right to relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative with respect to or 23 arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences; and (B) 24 any question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the action.”). 25 Plaintiff’s claim challenging his conviction and sentence appears to be entirely unrelated 26 to his claims regarding abuses in the legal system or false rules violations reports. Therefore, 27 Plaintiff has failed to comply with Rules 8, 18 and 20. As such, the complaint fails to state a 28 claim. 1 B. Not a Proper Defendant 2 Plaintiff’s complaint also fails to state a claim because it does not name a proper 3 defendant. 4 “Section 1983 provides a federal forum to remedy many deprivations of civil liberties, but 5 it does not provide a federal forum for litigants who seek a remedy against a State for alleged 6 deprivations of civil liberties. The Eleventh Amendment bars such suits unless the State has 7 waived its immunity or unless Congress has exercised its undoubted power under § 5 of the 8 Fourteenth Amendment to override that immunity.” Will v. Michigan Dep't of State Police, 491 9 U.S. 58 , 66 (1989). Congress did not exercise that power in section 1983. Id. at 63 (“Quern [v. 10 Jordan, 440 U.S. 332 (1979)] held that § 1983 does not override a State's Eleventh Amendment 11 immunity[.]”). A superior court is “an arm of the state not subject to § 1983 liability.” Krug v. 12 Maricopa Cty. Superior Court, 674 F. App'x 652, 653 (9th Cir. 2017) (unreported) (citing Will, 13 491 U.S. at 70). Hence, “Plaintiff cannot state a claim against the [Orange] County Superior 14 Court (or its employees), because such suits are barred by the Eleventh Amendment.” Simmons v. 15 Sacramento Cty. Superior Court, 318 F.3d 1156, 1161 (9th Cir. 2003). 16 Accordingly, to the extent Plaintiff names Superior Court of California, County of 17 Orange, as a defendant, Plaintiff fails to state a claim. 18 C. Plaintiff’s First Claim Does Not a State Claim 19 Given that Plaintiff has chosen to stand on his complaint, the Court will elect to screen the 20 first claim. Plaintiff’s first claim first quotes a portion of California’s penal code and goes on to 21 complain that certain procedures were not filed and “that’s why the counselor are denying my 22 request Privacy Act information and pointing to the CDCR BOP Sacramento.” 23 The Privacy Act of 1974 does not apply to state governments. St. Michael's Convalescent 24 Hosp. v. State of Cal., 643 F.2d 1369, 1373 (9th Cir. 1981) (“[T]he Privacy Act appl[ies] only to 25 ‘agencies’ as that term is defined under . . . 5 U.S.C. s 552 (e). Under [this] definition[], ‘agency’ 26 does not encompass state agencies or bodies.”). Therefore, to the extent Plaintiff alleges any 27 violations under the Privacy Act, Plaintiff fails to state a claim. 28 /// 1 Claim I then challenges the fact and duration of Plaintiff’s confinement: 2 The unprecedented sentencing with a multiple charges same & similar offenses violates U.S.S.G. Access to the Court, Double Jeopardy Cruel & unusual [3] punishment & Due Process, Equal Protection Destroyed my family by separating 4 us. PC 269 – aggravated assault, GBI but no DNA evidence, offense date is mystery 8-24-99 not born yet, my daughter born 10-10-99 They’d have the same 5 ages by the accuser. 6 “[A] prisoner in state custody cannot use a § 1983 action to challenge the fact or duration 7 of his confinement. He must seek federal habeas corpus relief (or appropriate state relief) 8 instead.” Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74, 78 (2005) (citations and internal quotation marks 9 omitted). 10 Plaintiff’s claims challenging the fact or duration of his confinement must be brought 11 through a federal habeas action (or appropriate state action). They cannot be brought in a § 1983 12 action. 13 Therefore, even if Plaintiff’s first claim were severed from the remaining parts of his 14 complaint so as not to violate Rules 18 and 20, and even if Plaintiff had not violated Rule 8, 15 Claim I still fails to state any claim. 16 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 17 The Court has screened Plaintiff’s complaint and finds it fails to state any cognizable 18 claims due to Plaintiff’s failure to comply with pleading rules. The Court recommends that 19 Plaintiff’s complaint be dismissed, with prejudice, for failure to state a claim. 20 The Court does not recommend granting further leave to amend because the Court 21 provided Plaintiff an opportunity to amend his complaint with the benefit of the legal standards 22 above and additional legal standards in its screening order (see ECF No. 3 at 8-12), and Plaintiff 23 chose not to file an amended complaint. Moreover, even if the Court were to sever Claims II and 24 III and then screen only Claim I, leave to amend should still not be granted. Claim I challenges 25 the fact or duration of Plaintiff’s confinement and cites inapplicable statutes. Amending this 26 allegation would be futile. 27 Accordingly, based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 28 /// 1 1. This action be dismissed with prejudice for failure to state a claim and without leave to 2 amend; and 3 2. The Clerk of Court be directed to close the case. 4 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States district judge 5 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1). Within twenty-one 6 | (21) days after being served with these findings and recommendations, Plaintiff may file written 7 || objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s g | Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the g || specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834 , 10 | 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). [11] IT IS SO ORDERED. [12] 13 | Dated: _ October 29, 2020 [sf ey — 4 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE [28] oO