Marsh v. AFSCME Local 3299

“1 [5] 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [8] 9 TERRANCE MARSH, et al., No. 2:19-cv-02382-JAM-DB 10 Plaintiffs, 11 v. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTIONS TO DISMISS WITH 12 AFSCME LOCAL 3299, a labor PREJUDICE organization, et al., [13] Defendants. [14] 15 This matter is before the Court on AFSCME Local 3299’s Motion 16 to Dismiss, UC President Michael V. Drake’s Motion to Dismiss, 17 and Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s Motion to Dismiss. Mot. to 18 Dismiss by AFSCME Local 3299 (“Union Mot.”), ECF No. 54; Mot. to 19 Dismiss by Michael V. Drake (“Drake Mot.”), ECF No. 55; Mot. to 20 Dismiss by Xavier Becerra (“Becerra Mot.”), ECF No. 56. 21 Defendants seek to dismiss Plaintiffs’ Corrected Second Amended 22 Complaint (“SAC”) under Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) of the 23 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See SAC, ECF No. 53. 24 Plaintiffs opposed these motions. Opp’n by Kiska Carter et al. 25 to Drake and Becerra Mots. (“Opp’n to State”), ECF No. 57; Opp’n 26 by Kiska Carter et al. to Union Mot. (“Opp’n to Union”), ECF. No. 27 58. Each Defendant then filed a reply. Reply by AFSCME Local 28 3299 (“Union Reply”), ECF No. 59; Reply by Michael V. Drake “1 (“Drake Reply”), ECF No. 60; Reply by Xavier Becerra (“Becerra 2 Reply”), ECF No. 61. For the reasons set forth below, the Court 3 GRANTS Defendants’ motions to dismiss.1 4 I. BACKGROUND 5 Ten University of California employees (“Plaintiffs”) filed 6 this lawsuit against Attorney General Xavier Becerra (“Becerra”), 7 University of California President Michael V. Drake2 (“Drake”), 8 and AFSCME Local 3299 (“the Union”) under Section 1983 of the 9 Civil Rights Act, asserting Defendants’ payroll deduction scheme 10 violates their First and Fourteenth Amendment rights. SAC ¶¶ 111 3. The factual allegations, which have been set forth 12 extensively in the complaint, the parties’ briefings, and the 13 Court’s prior orders, will not be repeated here. 14 The present Motions are the second set of motions to dismiss 15 before the Court. On July 27, 2020, this Court granted the first 16 set of motions to dismiss. See Order Granting MTD FAC (“Order”), 17 ECF No. 46. The Court attached a chart to that Order summarizing 18 which of Plaintiffs’ numerous claims were dismissed with 19 prejudice and which Plaintiffs were given leave to amend. Id. at 20 24. 21 On September 14, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a corrected SAC, 22 which is now the operative complaint. See SAC. Plaintiffs re23 pled only two of the three claims considered by this Court in its 24 prior Order: the first count for violation of Plaintiffs’ 25 1 These motions were determined to be suitable for decision without oral argument. E.D. Cal. L.R. 230(g). The hearing was 26 scheduled for October 13, 2020. 2 Michael V. Drake was appointed President of the University of 27 California in August 2020, and has been substituted for former President of the University of California, Janet Napolitano, 28 pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d). “1 Fourteenth Amendment procedural due process rights (the 2 “Procedural Due Process claim”) and the second count for 3 violation of Plaintiffs’ First Amendment rights (the “Compelled 4 Speech claim”). SAC ¶¶ 167-186. As to the first count, 5 Plaintiffs seek prospective injunctive and declaratory relief and 6 retrospective monetary damages. SAC at 26-27. As to the second 7 count, Plaintiffs seek only prospective injunctive relief. SAC 8 at 27. Additionally, Plaintiffs added a new section of class 9 allegations. SAC ¶¶ 159-66. 10 II. OPINION 11 A. 12 (b)(1) Motions 12 1. Legal Standard 13 A Rule 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss tests whether a complaint 14 alleges grounds for federal subject-matter jurisdiction. See 15 Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1). At the pleading stage, courts take all 16 the allegations in the complaint as true, then ask whether 17 plaintiffs adequately alleged subject-matter jurisdiction. 18 Chandler v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 598 F.3d 1115 , 1121— 19 22 (9th Cir. 2010). 20 If a plaintiff’s claims are moot, then the court lacks 21 subject-matter jurisdiction, and the case must be dismissed. 22 U.S. CONST., art. III; Preiser v. Newkirk, 422 U.S. 395 , 401 23 (1975). To pose a “live case or controversy,” claims must be 24 “definite and concrete”; they must “touch[] the legal relations 25 of parties having adverse legal interests.” DeFunis v. Odegaard, [26] 416 U.S. 312, 317 (1974). If a case does not present questions 27 “affect[ing] the rights of litigants in the case before [the 28 court],” it is not a case the court can decide. See Preiser, 422 “1 U.S. at 401. 2 2. Analysis 3 Defendants first move to dismiss the two remaining counts 4 for lack of jurisdiction, contending Plaintiffs lack standing and 5 their claims are moot. See Union Mot. at 3-4, 5-6; Drake Mot. at 6 3-10; Becerra Mot. at 5-11. As explained below, the Court agrees 7 with Defendants that the prospective relief portions of 8 Plaintiffs’ two claims are moot and therefore must be dismissed. 9 a. Compelled Speech Claim 10 As to their compelled speech claim, Plaintiffs seek only 11 prospective injunctive relief. SAC at 27. Specifically, four 12 Plaintiffs – Marsh, Edde, Mendoza, and Davidson – request 13 prospective injunctive relief against the Union and Drake. SAC 14 at 27(vi-vii). All Plaintiffs seek prospective injunctive relief 15 against Becerra. SAC at 27(viii). 16 (i) The Union 17 The Union argues that Plaintiffs’ compelled speech claim 18 should be dismissed because the only four Plaintiffs bringing 19 this claim against the Union – Marsh, Edde, Mendoza, and Davidson 20 – still do not have a live claim for prospective relief, which is 21 the only form of relief sought for this claim. Union Mot. at 322 4; Union Reply at 1. In its prior Order, the Court explained 23 that these four Plaintiffs’ request for prospective relief on 24 their compelled speech claim was moot because their payroll 25 deductions had already terminated. Order at 15-16, 22. Further, 26 the Court found that the “capable of repetition yet evading 27 review” exception to mootness did not apply because Plaintiffs 28 had not sufficiently alleged they would be subject to deductions “1 in the future. Id. at 16 (citing Few v. United Teachers Los 2 Angeles, No. 2:18-cv-09531-JLS-DFM, 2020 WL 633598 , at *4-6 (C.D. 3 Cal. Feb. 10, 2020)). Accordingly, the Court concluded it could 4 not “grant these plaintiffs prospective relief for fees they are 5 no longer paying.” Id. (citing Babb v. Cal. Teachers Assocs., [6] 378 F.Supp.3d 857, 870-871 (C.D. Cal. 2019)). 7 The Union contends the SAC does nothing to cure the mootness 8 defect identified by the Court in its prior Order. Union Mot. at 9 3; Union Reply at 1. The Court agrees. First, the SAC clearly 10 indicates these four Plaintiffs are no longer subject to payroll 11 deductions. SAC ¶¶ 49(Marsh), 59-60(Edde), 77-78(Mendoza), 12 87(Davidson). Second, the SAC still does not allege these 13 Plaintiffs are likely to be subject to deductions again in the 14 future. The Court therefore has no reason to deviate from its 15 prior analysis and once again finds these claims are moot. 16 In opposition, Plaintiffs appear to concede their named 17 plaintiffs’ claims are moot, but attempt to avoid dismissal on 18 mootness grounds by adding new class allegations. See SAC ¶¶15919 166. Specifically, Plaintiffs contend they are seeking 20 prospective relief on behalf of the class they propose to 21 represent and consequently this Court may retain jurisdiction 22 over the class action even if the named plaintiffs’ claims 23 “appear moot or will become moot.” Opp’n to Union at 5. 24 This attempt to avoid dismissal on mootness grounds fails 25 because the Court did not grant Plaintiffs leave to add class 26 allegations. See Jameson Beach Prop. Owners Ass’n v. U.S., 2014 27 WL 4925253 , at *3-4 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2014). As another 28 Eastern District court explains: “whether a district court will “1 accept new claims and/or parties in an amended complaint after a 2 motion to dismiss will depend on whether the plaintiff was 3 granted leave to amend with or without limitation. Courts look 4 to the specific language of the prior order to determine whether 5 or not leave to amend was granted without limitation. When the 6 language of an order clearly states that a plaintiff may only 7 amend to address certain deficiencies identified in the order, 8 courts have held that a plaintiff is barred from adding new 9 claims or parties.” Id. (citations and internal quotation marks 10 omitted). 11 Here, the Court’s prior Order clearly grants leave to amend 12 with limitation. See Order. In fact, the Court attached a Chart 13 to its prior Order for this precise reason: to specify which 14 deficiencies with which claims Plaintiffs could amend and which 15 they could not. Id. at 24 . Significantly, nowhere in the Order 16 did the Court grant Plaintiffs leave to add class allegations. 17 Nor did Plaintiffs seek leave to do so. Plaintiffs are therefore 18 barred from adding these new class allegations to avoid dismissal 19 on mootness grounds. Jameson Beach, 2014 WL 4925253 at *4. 20 Accordingly, the Court strikes Plaintiffs’ class allegations. 21 The Court briefly notes an additional reason why Plaintiffs’ 22 attempt to avoid mootness by adding class allegations fails: 23 Plaintiffs have not brought forward, nor has the Court been able 24 to find on its own, any authority supporting the proposition that 25 a court may retain jurisdiction over a class action when the 26 class allegations are added after all named plaintiffs’ claims 27 have become moot and indeed have been dismissed by the court as 28 moot. See Opp’n to Union at 5-6. Rather, the Court agrees with “1 the Union that “once the named plaintiff’s own claim for 2 prospective relief has become moot, a federal court lacks 3 jurisdiction to consider prospective relief and, therefore, no 4 live claim exists to which newly added class allegations could 5 ‘relate back.’” Union Reply at 1. 6 Because the class allegations are stricken and the four 7 individual Plaintiff claims remain moot, the Court again finds it 8 does not have subject matter jurisdiction. Further, the Court 9 finds that dismissal with prejudice is now appropriate. See 10 Deveraturda v. Globe Aviation Sec. Servs., 454 F.3d 1043 , 1046 11 (9th Cir. 2006) (explaining “a district court does not err in 12 denying leave to amend where the amendment would be futile”). 13 Plaintiffs have had ample opportunity to amend. See FAC, ECF No. 14 15; SAC, ECF No. 47; Corrected SAC. Plaintiffs also had the 15 opportunity in their opposition brief to set forth additional 16 facts to convince the Court the mootness of the individual 17 plaintiffs’ claims could be cured by amendment. They failed to 18 do so. 19 Accordingly, the Court DISMISSES the compelled speech claim 20 as to the Union with prejudice. 21 (ii) Drake 22 The same four plaintiffs - Marsh, Edde, Mendoza, and 23 Davidson - also request prospective injunctive relief on their 24 compelled speech claim against Drake. SAC at 27(vi). For the 25 same reasons discussed in detail above, the Court finds these 26 plaintiffs’ claims as to this Defendant to be moot. 27 Dismissal with prejudice is also appropriate because 28 Plaintiffs have had ample opportunity to amend, yet have failed “1 to set forth facts demonstrating that the mootness problem 2 identified by the Court in its prior Order could be cured by 3 further amendment. Thus, the Court finds amendment would be 4 futile. See Deveraturda, 454 F.3d at 1046 . 5 Accordingly, the Court DISMISSES the compelled speech claim 6 as to Drake with prejudice. 7 (iii) Becerra 8 As to their compelled speech claim against Becerra, 9 Plaintiffs ask the Court to enjoin Becerra from enforcing 10 California Government Code §§ 1157.12, 1157.3. SAC at 27(viii). 11 Becerra, like the Union and Drake, argues Plaintiffs may not seek 12 prospective relief on this claim because Plaintiffs’ deductions 13 have ceased and therefore it is moot. Becerra Mot. at 9. 14 Referring to the part of the Court’s prior Order explaining why 15 the cessation of the deductions renders Plaintiffs’ claims for 16 prospective relief moot, Becerra points out: “Plaintiffs have 17 made no revisions in the SAC that cure these deficiencies, or in 18 any way compel the Court to change its earlier judgment . . . in 19 fact the SAC only compounds the deficiencies now that all ten 20 Plaintiffs admit their dues deductions have ceased.” Id. at 1. 21 The Court agrees. 22 The Court previously dismissed as moot Marsh, Edde, 23 Davidson, and Mendoza’s compelled speech claim against Becerra 24 because their deductions had ceased. Order at 15-16. However, 25 the Court found that the remaining six plaintiffs’ — Van Antwerp, 26 Macomber, Jordan, Grosse, Dioso, and Carter — request for 27 prospective relief on their compelled speech claim against 28 Becerra was not moot because they “continue to pay non-member “1 fees as a result of Defendants’ alleged compelled speech and due 2 process violations.” Order at 16. Now, however, the SAC admits 3 the deductions have stopped for these six plaintiffs. SAC ¶¶ 100 4 (Dioso), 112(Macomber), 128(Jordan), 137(Van Antwerp), 5 148(Grosse), 158(Carter). Thus, their prospective relief claims, 6 like Marsh, Edde, Davidson and Mendoza’s, are moot. 7 Plaintiffs advance two arguments in opposition. Opp’n to 8 State at 12-13. First, they again argue that the “capable of 9 repetition yet evading review” exception to mootness applies. 10 Id. For the same reason the Court rejected this argument before, 11 see Order at 16, it again rejects this argument: there are no 12 allegations in the operative complaint which establish a 13 likelihood that the deductions are likely to reoccur. Because 14 Plaintiffs have not established the deductions are capable of 15 repetition, this exception to mootness cannot apply. Few, 2020 16 WL 633598 , at *5. Second, Plaintiffs again point to their new 17 class allegations as a way for this Court to retain jurisdiction 18 “even if the named Plaintiffs’ claims are moot or will become 19 moot.” Opp’n to State at 12. But, for the reasons set forth 20 above, the class allegations are stricken, and therefore cannot 21 revive the individuals’ moot claims. 22 Because the individual plaintiffs’ claims are moot, the 23 Court lacks jurisdiction and must dismiss the compelled speech 24 claim as to Becerra. Dismissal with prejudice is appropriate 25 because Plaintiffs have had ample opportunity to amend yet have 26 failed to cure the mootness defect with the individual 27 plaintiffs’ claims. Therefore, the Court finds that further 28 amendment would be futile. See Deveraturda, 454 F.3d at 1046 . “1 Accordingly, the compelled speech claim as to Becerra is 2 DISMISSED with prejudice. 3 b. Procedural Due Process Claim 4 The Court next turns to the procedural due process claim for 5 which Plaintiffs seek both prospective injunctive and declaratory 6 relief and retrospective money damages. SAC at 26-27. With 7 respect to the prospective relief portion of this claim, 8 Defendants again argue for dismissal on jurisdictional grounds. 9 See Union Mot. at 5-6; Drake Mot. at 3-4; Becerra Mot. at 9-11. 10 In its prior Order, this Court found the prospective relief 11 portion of Marsh, Edde, Davidson, and Mendoza’s due process claim 12 was moot for the same reason as their compelled speech claim: 13 these Plaintiffs were no longer subject to deductions. Order at 14 15-16. However, the Court did not find the remaining six 15 Plaintiffs’ request for prospective relief on their due process 16 claim to be moot because the then-operative complaint indicated 17 they were still subject to deductions. Id. at 16. Now, however, 18 the operative complaint indicates deductions have ceased for all 19 Plaintiffs. SAC ¶¶ 49, 59-60, 77-78, 87, 100, 112, 128, 137, 20 148, 158. Thus, all ten Plaintiffs’ claims for prospective 21 relief are moot. For the reasons discussed above, Plaintiffs’ 22 arguments in opposition about the “capable of repetition yet 23 evading review” exception applying and the new class allegations 24 reviving the individuals’ moot claims fail. 25 The Court therefore DISMISSES the prospective relief portion 26 of Plaintiffs’ procedural due process claim and finds that 27 dismissal with prejudice is appropriate because further amendment 28 would be futile in light of Plaintiffs’ opportunity to correct “1 the mootness deficiency identified in the prior Order and 2 subsequent failure to do so. See Deveraturda, 454 F.3d at 1046 . 3 B. 12 (b)(6) Motions 4 The Court now turns to Plaintiffs only remaining claim for 5 retrospective money damages against the Union under Plaintiffs’ 6 procedural due process cause of action. SAC at 26 (iv v). The 7 Union contends that Plaintiffs have failed to state a claim for 8 which relief can be granted. Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 12(b)(6). 9 1. Legal Standard 10 A Rule 12(b)(6) motion attacks the complaint as not alleging 11 sufficient facts to state a claim for relief. See Fed. R. Civ. 12 P. 12 (b)(6). “To survive a motion to dismiss [under 12(b)(6)], a 13 complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as 14 true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” 15 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009) (internal quotation 16 marks and citation omitted). Dismissal is proper where there is 17 no cognizable legal theory or insufficient facts supporting a 18 claim entitling the plaintiff to relief. Hinds Invs., L.P. v. 19 Angiolo, 654 F.3d 846, 850 (9th Cir. 2011). Constitutional 20 claims—both facial and as-applied challenges—are subject to 21 dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) if the alleged facts fail to state 22 a claim. See O’Brien v. Welty, 818 F.3d 920 , 929–32 (9th Cir. 23 2016). 24 The “standard [procedural due process] analysis . . . 25 proceeds in two steps.” Swarthout v. Cooke, 526 U.S. 216 , 219 26 (2011). A court must “first ask whether there exists a liberty 27 or property interest of which a person has been deprived.” Id. 28 If so, the court then asks “whether the procedures [protecting “1 that right] were constitutionally deficient.” Id. (citing 2 Kentucky Dept. of Corrections v. Thompson, 490 U.S. 454 , 460 3 (1989). 4 2. Analysis 5 The Union advances various arguments as to why the 6 retrospective monetary relief portion of Plaintiffs’ procedural 7 due process claim should be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6). Union 8 Mot. at 6-15. The Court focuses on the line of argument squarely 9 addressed in its prior Order, namely that Plaintiffs fail to 10 state a procedural due process claim because they have not 11 sufficiently alleged a deprivation of a protected liberty or 12 property interest. Union Mot. at 6-12; Union Reply at 3-4. In 13 its prior Order, the Court found the FAC did not contain factual 14 allegations demonstrating Plaintiffs had been deprived of a 15 protected property interest. Order at 21. Additionally, with 16 respect to Plaintiffs’ liberty interest theory, the Court found: 17 (1) only Mendoza adequately alleged the deprivation of a liberty 18 interest comparable to the one Janus recognized, (2) even Mendoza 19 failed to allege what procedures were constitutionally required 20 or how Defendants fell short of these requirements. Order at 2121 22. For these reasons, the Court concluded the FAC failed to 22 state a procedural due process claim and dismissed this claim 23 without prejudice. Id. 24 Plaintiffs have not cured the problems identified by the 25 Court in its prior Order. Specifically, Plaintiffs still have 26 not clearly identified a protected property or liberty interest 27 of which they have been deprived, as they must under Swarthout. 28 526 U.S. at 219. In the SAC, Plaintiffs (except Mendoza who is “1 discussed separately below), admit they signed Union membership 2 forms and thereby authorized the deductions now challenged; 3 however, they allege they only signed because Union 4 representatives either told them directly or led them to believe 5 membership was mandatory or because they signed the membership 6 card under pressured circumstances. SAC ¶¶ 30, 51, 62, 80, 89, 7 103, 114-15, 139, 134, 142, 152. These allegations about the 8 circumstances of the signing, however, do not change the fact 9 Plaintiffs signed the membership card, joining the Union and 10 thereby authorizing the deductions. The legal consequence of 11 this action, as the Union argues and as other courts have 12 consistently found, is that Plaintiffs were not deprived of a 13 protected liberty or property interest when the government made 14 deductions authorized by plaintiffs themselves. Union Reply at 15 3; see e.g. Smith v. Superior Court, 2018 WL 6072806 at *1 (N.D. 16 Cal Nov. 16, 2018) (rejecting attempt by plaintiff-union-member 17 “to wriggle out of his contractual duties” and explaining that 18 “Janus actually acknowledges in its concluding paragraph that 19 employees can waive their First Amendment rights by affirmatively 20 consenting to pay union dues”); Wagner v. Univ. of Wash., 2020 WL 21 5520947, at *5 (W.D. Wash. Sept. 11, 2020) (“The answer, 22 as . . . every Court examining the question has concluded, is 23 that [plaintiff] did not suffer the deprivation of a liberty or 24 property interest as she voluntarily assented to Union membership 25 and deduction of Union dues”). Rather, the deductions these nine 26 Plaintiffs now challenge “flow from the express terms of 27 contracts Plaintiffs entered into.” Order at 21. Further, Janus 28 does not provide a basis for invalidating Plaintiffs’ contracts “1 because Janus discussed the rights of public employees who never 2 signed union membership agreements, unlike these plaintiffs who 3 did, by their own admissions in the SAC, sign membership cards. [4] Id. 5 Because the nine Plaintiffs signed and thereby authorized 6 the deductions, they still have not shown they suffered a 7 deprivation of a protected liberty or property interest in the 8 first instance. The due process analysis ends there for all 9 Plaintiffs, except Mendoza. Swarthout. 526 U.S. at 219. 10 Turning to Mendoza, Plaintiffs argue that Mendoza’s 11 procedural due process claim survives because his signature on 12 the 2017 form was forged and therefore his deductions were not 13 authorized. SAC ¶¶ 75-76. Plaintiffs characterize the forgery 14 as the “result of faulty state-authorized procedures” and a 15 “foreseeable and preventable consequence of providing the Union 16 unchecked authority to direct deductions.” Opp’n to Union at 13. 17 By contrast, the Union characterizes the alleged forgery as the 18 result of a “random and unpredictable private act” that “does not 19 violate procedural due process as long as the State provides 20 adequate post-deprivation remedies.” Union Mot. at 11. The 21 Union further argues that the state procedures are not “faulty” 22 because it was not the state procedures that caused the allegedly 23 unauthorized deductions, but rather the alleged forgery of 24 Mendoza’s authorization in violation of those procedures. Union 25 Reply at 4. 26 Taking the allegations of the forgery as true and drawing 27 all inferences in Plaintiffs’ favor, the Court is unable to infer 28 that the forgery was anything more than a random and unauthorized “1 private act. The only question that remains therefore is whether 2 the state provides adequate post-deprivation remedies. Hudson v. 3 Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 533 (1984) (holding no procedural due 4 violation for unauthorized deprivation of property where state 5 law provided adequate post-deprivation remedies for the loss). 6 Plaintiffs contend California does not provide adequate remedies, 7 see Opp’n to Union at 13, while the Union argues it does both 8 through the administrative procedures of the California Public 9 Employment Relations Board (“PERB”) and through state tort law 10 remedies for forgery and fraud, see Union Mot. at 12. Plaintiffs 11 do not explain why state tort law claims to remedy fraud and 12 forgery are inadequate, and the Court on its own can find no 13 reason why these state tort remedies would not adequately 14 compensate Mendoza for his property loss. Hudson, 468 U.S. at 15 535 (affirming the lower courts’ finding that state common-law 16 remedies would provide adequate compensation for property loss 17 resulting from the unauthorized deprivation of plaintiff’s 18 property). 19 Because the Court finds that: (1) the allegations in the SAC 20 do not infer that the forgery of Mendoza’s signature was anything 21 more than a random and unauthorized act; and (2) California 22 provides Mendoza with adequate post-deprivation remedies for this 23 random, unauthorized act, the Court finds Mendoza has not stated 24 a claim for violation of procedural due process. Hudson, 468 25 U.S. at 533. Unlike the other nine Plaintiffs, Mendoza does 26 sufficiently allege a deprivation, but he nevertheless fails to 27 show this deprivation constitutes a due process violation because 28 there are adequate state law remedies available to him. ene nee en II DEE IIE EO OSE ICSE I EO EE “1 In sum, the Court finds all Plaintiffs have failed to state 2 a due process claim for damages. Given the ample opportunity 3 Plaintiffs have had to correct the issues identified by the Court 4 in its prior Order and their subsequent failure to do so, the 5S | Court finds amendment would be futile. See Deveraturda, 454 F.3d 6 at 1046. The Court therefore DISMISSES this claim with 7 prejudice. 8 Til. ORDER 9 For the reasons set forth above, the Court GRANTS 10 Defendants’ motions to dismiss. Plaintiffs’ request for 11 prospective relief on their compelled speech and due process 12 claims are dismissed because once again the Court finds these 13 claims are moot. Plaintiffs’ request for retrospective monetary 14 relief on their due process claim against the Union is also 15 dismissed because the Court again finds the Plaintiffs have 16 failed to state a claim. Finally, the Court finds further 17 amendment of Plaintiffs’ claims is futile and DISMISSES these 18 claims WITH PREJUDICE. 19 IT IS SO ORDERED. 20 Dated: January 19, 2021 21 kA 22 teiren staves odermacr 7008