Samuel Enin v. Nancy A. Berryhill

— 1 — — 2 — — 3 — — 4 — — 5 — — 6 — — 7 — 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA — 10 — 11 SAMUEL E.,1 Case No. 5:18-cv-02609-AFM 12 Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM OPINION AND 13 v. ORDER AFFIRMING DECISION 14 ANDREW M. SAUL, OF THE COMMISSIONER — 15 — Commissioner of Social Security,2 16 Defendant. — 17 — Plaintiff filed this action seeking review of the Commissioner’s final decision — 18 — denying his applications for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security — 19 — income. In accordancewith the Court’s case management order, the parties have filed — 20 — memorandum briefs addressing the merits of the disputed issues. The matter is now — 21 — ready for decision. — 22 — — 23 — — 24 — 1 Plaintiff’s name has been partially redacted in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure — 25 — 5.2(c)(2)(B) and the recommendation of the Committee on Court Administration and Case 26 Management of the Judicial Conference of the United States. 27 2 Pursuant to Rule 25(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Andrew M. Saul, Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, is substituted as the proper defendant in this action. SeeFed. 28 R. Civ. P. 25(d). 1 BACKGROUND 2 In October 2013, Plaintiff applied for disability insurance benefits and 3 supplemental security income, alleging disability beginning September 24, 2012. 4 Plaintiff’s applications were denied initially and upon reconsideration. 5 (Administrative Record [“AR”] 139-143, 150-154.) A hearing took place on April 8, 6 2015 before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). Plaintiff, who was represented 7 by counsel, and a vocational expert (“VE”) testified at the hearing. (AR 64-94.) 8 In a decision dated May 29, 2015, the ALJ found that Plaintiff suffered from the 9 severe impairments of cervical degenerative disc disease and hypertension. (AR 54.) 10 The ALJ determined that Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity (“RFC”) included 11 the ability to perform a range of medium work as follows: Plaintiff can lift and/or 12 carry 50 pounds occasionally and up to 25 pounds frequently; can stand and/or walk 13 for at least six hours in an eight-hour workday; can sit for at least six hours in an 14 eight-hour workday; can frequently climb, balance, kneel, crouch, or crawl; and is 15 limited to occasional use of ladders, ropes, and scaffolds. (AR 55.) Relying on the 16 testimony of the VE, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff could perform his past relevant 17 work. Accordingly, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff was not disabled. (AR 58-59.) 18 The Appeals Council subsequently denied Plaintiff’s request for review (AR 19 43-48), rendering the ALJ’s decision the final decision of the Commissioner. 20 DISPUTED ISSUES3 21 1. Whether the ALJ properly assessed Plaintiff’s RFC. 22 2. Whether the ALJ properly rejected Plaintiff’s subjective complaints. 23 STANDARD OF REVIEW 24 Under 42 U.S.C. § 405 (g), this Court reviews the Commissioner’s decision to 25 determine whether the Commissioner’s findings are supported by substantial 26 evidence and whether the proper legal standards were applied. See Treichler v. — 27 — 3 As discussed below, the legal basis for Plaintiff’s claims are difficult to discern. The Court has — 28 — 1 Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1098 (9th Cir. 2014). Substantial 2 evidence means “more than a mere scintilla” but less than a preponderance. See 3 Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971); Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 4 1028, 1035 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a 5 reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson, 402 6 U.S. at 401. This Court must review the record as a whole, weighing both the 7 evidence that supports and the evidence that detracts from the Commissioner’s 8 conclusion. Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1035. Where evidence is susceptible of more 9 than one rational interpretation, the Commissioner’s decision must be upheld. See 10 Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). 11 DISCUSSION 12 I. Medical Record 13 Plaintiff alleged disability due to neck pain resulting from a neck injury he 14 sustained in September 2012. (AR 260.) The ALJ summarized the relevant medical 15 record, stating that the “objective diagnostic records revealed a moderate 16 musculoskeletal pathology at most.” (AR 56.) The ALJ discussed the MRI studies of 17 Plaintiff’s cervical spine, which showed a mild-to-moderate degenerative disc 18 disease. The ALJ observed that the most significant finding was severe right neural 19 foraminal stenosis at C6-C7. However, the studies revealed no impingement of the 20 spinal cord at any level. (AR 56-57, citing AR 538, 539-542.) The ALJ also noted a 21 positive EMG/NCS study of Plaintiff’s right upper extremity, which was consistent 22 with right C7 radiculopathy, and indicated mild, asymptomatic, neuropathy at the 23 wrist. (AR 57, citing AR 324.) Physical examinations in 2013 revealed mild positive 24 findings of tenderness to palpation at the right lumbar paraspinal musculature and 25 spasm, but no neurological deficits. (AR 57, citing AR 328, 333.) 26 In January 2014, Plaintiff underwent a consultative orthopedic examination by 27 Herman Schoene, M.D. Dr. Schoene reviewed MRIs of Plaintiff’s cervical spine and 28 performed a physical examination. He reported Plaintiff’s blood pressure was 1 elevated to 160/90. Plaintiff’s posture and gait were normal, and he ambulated 2 without difficulty and without the use of an assistive device. Plaintiff’s neck range of 3 motion was mildly diminished with a positive Spurling test. Plaintiff exhibited 4 normal range of motion in his shoulders as well as his upper and lower extremities. 5 Plaintiff retained full motor strength. Plaintiff’s sensation was intact throughout. 6 X-ray imaging performed on that date showed anterior osteophyte formation and 7 narrowed disc spaces at C5-C6 and C6-C7. In Dr. Schoene’s opinion, Plaintiff could 8 perform a full range of medium work with no postural restrictions. (AR 418-422.) 9 The ALJ observed that treatment notes in 2014 indicate that Plaintiff remained 10 on narcotic pain medication for his neck pain. He noted the absence of evidence 11 suggesting that Plaintiff had been referred for surgery or for epidural steroid 12 injections. (AR 57, citing AR573-580.) Instead,Plaintiff reported that his medication 13 was effective in relieving his pain. (AR 57, citing AR 322.) 14 The ALJ discussed the opinions of the State agency medical consultants, 15 observing that they were generally consistent with Dr. Schoene’s opinion. (AR 5716 58, citing AR 95-105, 106-115.) Unlike Dr. Schoene, however, the State agency 17 medical consultants precluded Plaintiff from more than occasional use of the upper 18 extremities for pushing and pulling and limited Plaintiff to frequent postural activities 19 and occasional use of ladders, ropes and scaffolds. (AR 58.) The ALJ found 20 Dr. Schoene’s opinion failed to fully account for Plaintiff’s subjective complaints of 21 pain. On the other hand, the ALJ found the State agency consultants’ limitations on 22 the upper extremities were overly restrictive considering Plaintiff’s activities of daily 23 living, intact neurological examinations, and lack of significant treatment for his 24 alleged symptoms. (AR 58.) Consequently, the ALJ assessed the RFC outlined 25 above.4 — 26 — 4 Even liberally construed, Plaintiff’s allegations do not challenge the ALJ’s assignment of weight 27 to the medical opinions. Moreover, the Court’s review supports the conclusion that the ALJdid not commit error in rejecting portions of these non-examining physicians’ opinions. See Sousa v. — 28 — 1 With regard to Plaintiff’s elevated blood pressure, the ALJ notedthat there was 2 no evidence of any end organ damage, history of stroke, cardiovascular disease, or 3 functional limitations related to Plaintiff’s blood pressure. (AR 57, citing AR 5734 580, 581-587.) Thus,the ALJ concluded the condition “should be amenableto proper 5 control by adherence to recommended medical management and medication 6 compliance.” (AR 57.) 7 II. The ALJ’s RFC Assessment 8 To begin, the Court notes the legal and factual bases for Plaintiff’s arguments 9 are difficult to discern. Many of Plaintiff’s allegations do not directly address the 10 ALJ’s decision. For example, Plaintiff complains that he began losing his teeth in 11 2007 after eating his lunch, which he believes had been “tampered with.” (ECF No. 12 18 at 2.) Plaintiff points out that his dentist diagnosed Plaintiff with chronic 13 periodontal disease, a condition Plaintiff also blames on the toxin in his lunch in 14 2007. He submits dental records in support of this assertion. (ECF No. 18 at 2-3, 11.) 15 Plaintiff contends that he requires an order to have his “skeletal tissue” examined by 16 a toxicologist in order to find the root cause of his illness. (ECF No. 18 at 5-6.) 17 Plaintiff alleges that doctors at Kaiser Permanente are biased and have minimized the 18 severity of his condition and further alleges that the medical records have been 19 altered. (ECF No. 18 at 7-10; ECF No. 23 at 2-3.) In addition, Plaintiff states that a 20 week after the hearing he was diagnosed with a condition that leads to dizziness and 21 tinnitus which are “enough disabling illnesses to qualify [him] for social security 22 disability benefits....” (ECF No. 18 at 2-3.) 23 Such allegations are not within the scope of this Court’s review. Rather, the 24 Court has jurisdiction to review the final decision of the Commissioner, and that 25 review is limited to the administrative record. See Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172 , 26 1177 (9th Cir. 2000) (“judicial review in cases under the Social Security Act is — 27 — Callahan, 143 F.3d 1240 , 1244 (9th Cir. 1998) (ALJ “may reject the opinion of a non-examining — 28 — 1 limited to a review of the administrative record for a determination of whether the 2 Commissioner’s decision is supported by substantial evidence in the record.”); 3 London v. Colvin, 2014 WL 12557986 , at *7 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 29, 2014) (the Court 4 lacks jurisdiction to reverse the Commissioner's decision based on evidence that is 5 not part of the administrative record). 6 Liberally construing Plaintiff’s allegations as a challenge of the ALJ’s RFC 7 assessment, such a challenge lacks merit. 8 The ALJ isresponsible fordeterminingaclaimant’s RFC after considering “all 9 of the relevant medical and other evidence” in the record, including all medical 10 opinion evidence. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545 (a)(3), 404.1546(c), 416.945(a)(3), 11 416.946(c). Here, the ALJ considered all of the medical evidence submitted by 12 Plaintiff as well as the medical opinions. The ALJ concluded that the objective 13 clinical evidence – namely, MRI studies, x-rays, and physical examination findings 14 – revealed a relatively mild cervical impairment. (AR 56-57.) 15 The ALJ’s conclusion is supported by substantial evidence. For example, the 16 record includes a December 2008 MRI showing mild foraminal narrowing but no 17 significant stenosis. (AR 445.) An August 2012 x-ray indicated straightening of the 18 cervical lordosis with degenerative changes at C6-C7. (AR 409-410.) Similarly, a 19 September 2012 MRI revealed moderate degenerative process, with only mild 20 foraminal stenosis. (AR 485-486.) A December 2013 MRI reported mild to moderate 21 degenerative disc and facet disease of the cervical spine. (AR 411-412.) A January 22 2014 MRI revealed severe right foraminal stenosis at C6-C7 (AR 438), another MRI 23 in August 2014 showed only mild to moderate stenosis. (AR 706-708.) In December 24 2014, Vikas Mehta, M.D., performed a neurosurgical consultation. Dr. Mehta 25 reviewed the MRIs and performed a physical examination. He concluded that 26 Plaintiff had mild to moderate stenosis, but found no evidence of spinal cord injury 27 and noted the neurological exam was intact. Dr. Mehta did not recommend surgical 28 intervention. (AR 884-889.) The ALJ also accurately characterized Plaintiff’s 2013 1 treatment for his neck impairment. The treatment notes confirm minimal findings on 2 examination for which Plaintiff was prescribed medication and advised to apply a 3 heating pad. (See, e.g., AR 324-325, 326-328, 332-334, 343-345, 348-350, 358-360, 4 364-365, 375-377, 381-383, 427-429.) Likewise, Plaintiff’s medical records from 5 2014 and 2015 reveal mild positive findings – i.e., a mild reduction in cervical range 6 of motion and tenderness. (AR 420, 603-604, 640-641, 888, 1032-1033, 1093, 1141, 7 1278, 1287, 1382, 1450, 1497.) 8 At most, Plaintiff’s argument amounts to a disagreement as to how the 9 evidence should be interpreted. However, so long as the ALJ’s interpretation of the 10 record is rational and supported by substantial evidence, which it is here, the Court 11 may not disturb it. See Lewis v. Astrue, 498 F.3d 909, 911 (9th Cir. 2007) (“[I]f 12 evidence is susceptible of more than one rational interpretation, the decision of the 13 ALJ must be upheld”); see generally Biestek v. Berryhill, 139 S. Ct. 1149 , 1154 14 (2019) (observing that in the social security context, the threshold for “substantial 15 evidence” is “not high”). 16 Among Plaintiff’s allegations is a complaint that the ALJ failed to discuss a 17 treatment note that mentions joint pain. (ECF No. 18 at 9, citing AR 872.) An ALJ, 18 however, is not required to discuss every piece of evidence in the record. See Hiler 19 v. Astrue, 687 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th Cir. 2012) (“[t]he ALJ is not required to discuss 20 evidence that is neither significant nor probative”); Howard v. Barnhart, 341 F.3d 21 1006, 1012 (9th Cir. 2003) (“the ALJ does not need to discuss every piece of 22 evidence,” and the “ALJ is not required to discuss evidence that is neither significant 23 nor probative”) (citation and quotation marks omitted). The record cited by Plaintiff 24 is dated November 18, 2014, and includes the following notation: “Musculoskeletal: 25 Positive for myalgias, back pain and joint pain.” (AR 283.) Plaintiff does not point 26 to any other medical evidence suggesting that his joint pain resulted in any additional 27 functional limitations. Given the lack of probative value, the ALJ did not err by 28 failing to address this evidence. See generally Matthews v. Shalala, 10 F.3d 678 , 680 1 (9th Cir. 1993) (“The mere existence of an impairment is insufficient proof of a 2 disability.”). 3 For the foregoing reasons, the ALJ’s RFC assessment must be affirmed. See 4 Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 1217 (9th Cir. 2005) (“We will affirm the ALJ’s 5 determination of Bayliss’s RFC if the ALJ applied the proper legal standard and his 6 decision is supported by substantial evidence.”). 7 III. The ALJ’s credibility determination 8 Plaintiff appears to challenge the ALJ’s credibility determination. (See ECF 9 No. 18 at 9-10.) For the following reasons, such a challenge lacks merit. 10 A. Plaintiff’s Testimony 11 Plaintiff alleged that he is unable to work due to neck pain resulting from an 12 injury he sustained at work in September 2012. (AR 72, 260.) He testified that he had 13 difficulty moving his neck and that the pain radiated to his arm and waist. (AR 73.) 14 According to Plaintiff, as a result of his neck injury, he could lift only about three or 15 four pounds with his right arm and up to 15 pounds with his left. Plaintiff opined that 16 he could stand or walk for two hours at a time before needing to sit down and rest. 17 He did not have difficulty sitting for prolonged periods. (AR 81-82.) Plaintiff also 18 complained of dizziness and trouble walking due to hip pain. (AR 77, 80-81.) 19 Plaintiff testified that his treatment consisted of morphine for pain and heating 20 pads. He explained that he had attended physical therapy, but never received epidural 21 injections or other invasive treatment. (AR 73-75, 84-85.) 22 With regard to his daily activities, Plaintiff testified that he lives in a 23 condominium with his wife, who is disabled. (AR 70.) Plaintiff’s wife has a live-in 24 aide who does the housework, goes to the market, and prepares meals for Plaintiff’s 25 wife. Plaintiff is able to take care of his own personal needs, do his own laundry, and 26 his own cooking. Plaintiff takes the bus twice a week to see his son. Otherwise, 27 Plaintiff spends most of his time laying down, watching TV and reading. (AR 7728 78.) 1 B. Relevant Law 2 Where, as here, a claimant has presented objective medical evidence of an 3 underlying impairment that could reasonably be expected to produce pain or other 4 symptoms and the ALJ has not made an affirmative finding of malingering, an ALJ 5 must provide specific, clear and convincing reasons before rejecting a claimant’s 6 testimony about the severity of his symptoms. Trevizov. Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664 , 678 7 (9th Cir. 2017) (citing Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1014-1015 (9th Cir. 2014)). 8 “General findings [regarding a claimant’s credibility] are insufficient; rather, the ALJ 9 must identify what testimony is not credible and what evidence undermines the 10 claimant’s complaints.” Burrell v. Colvin, 775 F.3d 1133, 1138 (9th Cir. 2014) 11 (quoting Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 ) (9th Cir. 1995)). The ALJ’s findings 12 “must be sufficiently specific to allow a reviewing court to conclude the adjudicator 13 rejected the claimant’s testimony on permissible grounds and did not arbitrarily 14 discredit a claimant’s testimony regarding pain.” Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 15 487, 493 (9th Cir. 2015) (quoting Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947 F.2d 341, 345-346 (9th 16 Cir. 1991) (en banc)). 17 Factors an ALJ may consider include conflicts between the claimant’s 18 testimony and the claimant’s conduct – such as daily activities, work record, or an 19 unexplained failure to pursue or follow treatment – as well as ordinary techniques of 20 credibility evaluation, such as internal contradictions in the claimant’s statements and 21 testimony. See Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154, 1163 (9th Cir. 2014). In addition, 22 although an ALJ may not disregard a claimant’s testimony solely because it is not 23 substantiated by objective medical evidence, the lack of medical evidence is a factor 24 that the ALJ can consider in making a credibility assessment. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 25 F.3d 676, 680-681 (9th Cir. 2005). 26 C. Analysis 27 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s subjective complaints of disabling pain and 28 limitations to be less than fully credible. The ALJ provided the following reasons for 1 that determination: (1) Plaintiff’s subjective complaints were inconsistent with the 2 objective medical evidence; (2) Plaintiff’s subjective complaints were undermined 3 by the absence of treating source restrictions; (3) Plaintiff’s vague testimony 4 regarding his work activity since the alleged onset date diminished his credibility as 5 a whole; and (4) Plaintiff’s subjective complaints were inconsistent with his daily 6 activities. (AR 56-57.) 7 1. Inconsistent with Medical Record 8 The ALJ summarized Plaintiff’s subjective complaints as well as the medical 9 record before concluding that although Plaintiff’s neck impairment resulted in some 10 functional limitations, the objective evidence did not support the severity of 11 Plaintiff’s allegations. In particular, the ALJ noted that the objective medical records 12 indicated that Plaintiff had not suffered significant neurological or mobility deficient 13 as a result of his impairment. (AR 57.) As set forth in detail above, the objective 14 medical evidence supported the ALJ’s conclusion. Thus, the ALJ properly relied 15 upon the absence of objective medical support as one factor in his decision to 16 discount Plaintiff’s subjective complaints of disabling pain and limitations. See 17 Batson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1197 (9th Cir. 2004) (lack of 18 objective medical evidence to support claimant’s subjective complaints constitutes 19 substantial evidence in support of an ALJ’s adverse credibility determination). 20 2. Lack of Support in Treating Physician Opinion 21 The ALJ stated that, in light of Plaintiff’s allegations of totally disabling 22 symptoms, it was reasonable to expect treatment notes would reflect restrictions on 23 Plaintiff’s function or activity. The ALJ found it significant that no treating source 24 opined that Plaintiff’s impairment caused restrictions. (AR 57.) Plaintiff does not 25 dispute the ALJ’s characterization of the record, and the Court’s review indicates that 26 it is accurate. Accordingly, the ALJ properly discounted Plaintiff’s subjective 27 complaints of disabling limitations based upon the absence of any treating source 28 opinion supporting such limitations. See e.g., Martin v. Berryhill, 722 F. App’x 647 , 1 649–650 (9th Cir. 2018) (ALJ properly discounted plaintiff’s credibility based upon 2 finding that no physician opinions corroborated the alleged severity of plaintiff’s 3 limitations). 4 3. Plaintiff’s Testimony Regarding Work Activity After Alleged Onset Date 5 The ALJ found that Plaintiff’s “vague testimony regarding his work activities 6 since the alleged onset date also serves to diminish his credibility as a whole.” (AR 7 57.) In particular, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff insisted that he was unable to return to 8 work due to a work-related neck injury in September 2012. However, the record 9 reflected work activity after the alleged onset date. (See AR 54, 239.) The ALJ 10 explained that although the “work activity did not constitute disqualifying substantial 11 gainful activity, it does indicatethat [Plaintiff]’s level of functioning after the alleged 12 onset date had been somewhat greater than [Plaintiff] had generally reported.” (AR 13 56.) 14 An ALJ may rely upon evidence that a claimant actually worked during a 15 period of claimed disability to support an adverse credibility determination.See Bray 16 v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1227 (9thCir. 2009) (affirming ALJ’s 17 credibility determination which was based in part on fact that claimant had recently 18 performed work activity); Greger v. Barnhart, 464 F.3d 968, 972 (9th Cir. 2006) 19 (ALJ properly relied on evidence that claimant continued to work after his date last 20 insured). Moreover, although the ALJ may have drawn other inferences based upon 21 the evidence, it was not improper for the ALJ to discount Plaintiff’s credibility in 22 light of the evidence that he was able to complete some work activity at a time when 23 he was allegedly disabled. See Orn, 495 F.3d at 630 (where evidence is susceptible 24 of more than one rational interpretation, the Commissioner’s decision must be 25 upheld). 26 Furthermore, an ALJ may properly rely on a claimant’s vague testimony to 27 discount his credibility.See generallySmolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273 , 1284 (9th Cir. 28 1996) (holding that “ordinary techniques of credibility evaluation” may be employed 1 by an ALJ in assessing a claimant’s credibility). 2 While Plaintiff testified that he could not work after he injured his neck in 3 September 2012, he also testified that he worked for two weeks at a warehouse in 4 December 2012. Further, as the ALJ noted, in December 2012, Plaintiff reported to 5 his physician that his symptoms had worsened in the prior month after Plaintiff “was 6 lifting women at church who were fainting” and because he had worked for two 7 weeks at a warehouse where he “had to lift very heavy bags/boxes.” (AR 75, citing 8 AR 359.) When the ALJ asked Plaintiff about the warehouse job, Plaintiff testified 9 that it involved “just bread and flowers.” (AR 75-76.) In light of the record, the ALJ 10 properly relied upon Plaintiff’s vague testimony regarding his work activity after the 11 alleged onset date to discount his credibility.See, e.g., Menchaca v. Colvin, 2014 WL 12 185707, at *3 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 15, 2014) (ALJ properly relied on claimant’s vague 13 testimony to discount her credibility). 14 4. Daily Activities 15 The ALJ found that Plaintiff “remains capable of a broad range of activities of 16 daily living that is inconsistent with disabling pain.” (AR 57.) Generally, “[e]ngaging 17 in daily activities that are incompatible with the severity of symptoms alleged can 18 support an adverse credibility determination.” Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154 , 19 1165 (9th Cir. 2014)). 20 Here, Plaintiff points out that the ALJ erroneously summarized some of his 21 testimony regarding his daily activities. Notably, the ALJ stated that Plaintiff 22 “confirmed he was able to take care of his wife and do household chores at home that 23 included shopping for groceries....” (AR 56.)Contrary to the ALJ’s decision, Plaintiff 24 testified that his wife had a live-in caretaker, and the caretaker performed the grocery 25 shopping. (AR 70, 77.) Nevertheless, assuming that the ALJ erred in relying on 26 Plaintiff’s daily activities in assessing his credibility, the error was harmless in light 27 of the other legally sufficient reasons provided by the ALJ. See Molina v. Astrue, 674 28 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th Cir. 2012) (where one or more reasons supporting ALJ’s 1 || credibility analysis are invalid, error is harmless 1f ALJ provided other valid reasons 2 || supported by the record); Carmickle v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155 , 3 || 1162-1163 (9th Cir. 2008) (despite the invalidity of one or more of an ALJ’s stated 4 || reasons for discounting a claimant’s credibility, the court properly may uphold the 5 || ALJ’s decision where the ALJ stated sufficient valid reasons). 6 ORDER 7 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Judgment be entered affirming the 8 || decision of the Commissioner and dismissing this action with prejudice. — 9 — 10 || DATED: 12/4/2019 (Wy Mok: . ——., — 11 — 12 ALEXANDER F. MacKINNON UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE — 13 — — 14 — — 15 — — 16 — — 17 — — 18 — — 19 — — 20 — — 21 — — 22 — — 23 — — 24 — — 25 — — 26 — — 27 — — 28 — — 13 —