Clifford Merlo v. Robert L. Wilkie

O [7] United States District Court [8] Central District of California [10] 11 CLIFFORD MERLO, Case No. 2:19-cv-05078-ODW (JCx) 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND 13 v. DENYING IN PART DEFENDANT’S: 14 ROBERT L. WILKIE, MOTION TO DISMISS [18] AND 15 Defendant. MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION [20] [16] 17 I. INTRODUCTION 18 Defendant Robert L. Wilkie, Secretary of Veteran Affairs of the United States 19 Department of Veteran Affairs (“VA” or “Defendant”), moves to partially dismiss 20 Plaintiff Dr. Clifford Merlo’s (“Dr. Merlo”) First Amended Complaint (“FAC”) 21 alleging claims for age discrimination and retaliation. (Mot. Dismiss (“MTD”), ECF 22 No. 18.) Defendant also asks the Court to reconsider certain aspects of its Order dated 23 February 13, 2020, which granted in part Defendant’s first motion to dismiss and 24 denied Defendant’s motion to strike (“February Order”). (Mot. Recons. (“MFR”), 25 ECF No. 20.) For the reasons that follow, the Court GRANTS in part and DENIES 26 in part Defendant’s motions.1 [27] 28 1 After carefully considering the papers filed in connection with the motions, the Court deemed the matters appropriate for decision without oral argument. Fed. R. Civ. P. 78; C.D. Cal. L.R. 7-15. 1 II. BACKGROUND 2 Dr. Merlo is a board-certified radiation oncologist whom Defendant employed 3 from December 2011 to May 31, 2015. (FAC ¶¶ 4, 7, ECF No. 17.) Dr. Merlo was 4 age fifty-eight when first hired, serving in a fee-for-service capacity rather than a 5 temporary or permanent appointment. (FAC ¶¶ 7, 10.) Dr. Ahmed Sadeghi was Dr. 6 Merlo’s immediate supervisor. (FAC ¶ 12.) 7 In July 2012, Dr. Merlo applied and was selected for a full-time permanent 8 position. (FAC ¶ 14.) However, Defendant secretly changed Dr. Merlo’s permanent 9 appointment to a temporary appointment and hid the temporary status from him. 10 (FAC ¶¶ 14, 18.) In 2013 and 2014, Defendant hired two other doctors who were less 11 than forty years old, one of them into a permanent position. (FAC ¶¶ 15–16.) 12 In November 2014, Dr. Sadeghi told Dr. Merlo “that he was getting older and 13 needed to retire to make room for two UCLA residents” who were then doing their 14 residency at the VA. (FAC ¶ 17.) Dr. Merlo was shocked by Dr. Sadeghi’s comment 15 and approached the Human Resources (“HR”) Department, where he discovered that 16 he held a temporary appointment. (FAC ¶ 18.) In February 2015, Dr. Merlo reported 17 Dr. Sadeghi’s comment to the Chief of Staff, Dr. Dean Norman, and complained that 18 Dr. Sadeghi was discriminating against him because of his age; Dr. Norman took no 19 action. (FAC ¶ 19.) 20 On March 13, 2015, Dr. Merlo emailed Dr. Norman, Dr. Sadeghi, and other 21 higher-level supervisors to report Dr. Sadeghi’s comment and request a permanent 22 position. (FAC ¶ 20.) No one investigated Dr. Merlo’s complaint of age 23 discrimination. (FAC ¶ 21.) Instead, on March 16, 2015, Dr. Sadeghi informed Dr. 24 Merlo that his employment would terminate as of May 1, 2015. (FAC ¶¶ 22, 24.) 25 In early April 2015, Dr. Merlo requested mediation of the VA’s decision to 26 terminate his position through the HR Department and the EEO Program Office. 27 (FAC ¶ 23; see Decl. Clifford Merlo (“Merlo Decl.”) Ex. 1 (“April 15, 2015 Email”), 28 ECF No. 22.) On April 15, 2015, EEO Specialist Gary P. Sugg confirmed a 1 workplace mediation was scheduled for April 30. (April 15, 2015 Email.) At that 2 mediation, Defendant agreed to extend Dr. Merlo’s temporary appointment to May 31, 3 2015. (Decl. Sophia Eaves (“Eaves Decl.”) Ex. A, ECF No. 18-2; FAC ¶ 25.) Twice 4 in the months to come, Dr. Merlo applied for permanent positions that became 5 available but was not selected; the VA hired a younger applicant for one position and 6 did not fill the other. (FAC ¶¶ 30–31.) 7 On May 29, 2015, Dr. Merlo reported a claim of age discrimination to the 8 Office of Resolution Management, specifically for “Termination (Term Appointment)” 9 based on his age. (Eaves Decl. Ex. B (“Winter Letter June 2, 2015”), ECF No. 18-3.) 10 EEO Counselor William Winter was assigned to the claim. (Winter Letter June 2, 11 2015.) At the conclusion of informal counseling, Winter invited Dr. Merlo to file a 12 formal complaint if he was still dissatisfied. (Eaves Decl. Ex. C, ECF No. 18-4.) 13 On June 26, 2015, Dr. Merlo filed a formal complaint with the VA. (FAC ¶ 6; 14 Eaves Decl. Ex. D (“Formal Complaint”) 2, ECF No. 18-5.) In his complaint, Dr. 15 Merlo asserted that he had been discriminated against based on age when he was 16 terminated from his position on May 30, 2015. (Formal Complaint 2.) He initially 17 requested a hearing before the EEOC Administrative Judge but ultimately withdrew 18 that request and sought a Final Agency Decision. (FAC ¶ 6.) On April 11, 2019, the 19 VA issued its Final Agency Decision finding that Dr. Merlo “failed to prove that he 20 was subjected to disparate treatment based on his age when he was terminated from 21 his temporary appointment as a physician.” (Eaves Decl. Ex. G (“Final Agency 22 Decision”) 6, ECF No. 18-8; FAC ¶ 6.) The VA advised Dr. Merlo that he had the 23 right to appeal to the EEOC within thirty days or to file a civil action in a United 24 States District Court within ninety days if he did not appeal to the EEOC. (Final 25 Agency Decision 7.) 26 On June 11, 2019, Dr. Merlo initiated this action, asserting three causes of 27 action pursuant to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. 28 § 621, et seq.: (1) Age Discrimination (2) Hostile Environment Harassment, and 1 (3) Retaliation. (Compl. ¶¶ 29–47, ECF No. 1.) On February 3, 2020, the Court 2 granted in part and denied in part Defendant’s motion to dismiss. (Feb. Order, ECF 3 No. 16.) Specifically, the Court denied Defendant’ motion to dismiss Dr. Merlo’s age 4 discrimination claim because it found that Dr. Merlo’s age discrimination allegations 5 were “like or reasonably related to” his EEOC charge and sufficiently pleaded. (Feb. 6 Order 8–9, 10.) The Court dismissed Dr. Merlo’s Hostile Environment and 7 Retaliation claims as insufficiently pleaded and granted leave to amend. (Feb. 8 Order 11–12.) The Court also denied Defendant’s motion to strike certain of Dr. 9 Merlo’s damages and jury request. (Feb. Order 13.) 10 On February 26, 2020, Dr. Merlo filed the operative FAC. He asserts claims for 11 age discrimination and retaliation but does not renew his claim for hostile 12 environment. (See FAC ¶¶ 33–47.) Defendant moves to partially dismiss Dr. Merlo’s 13 FAC and seeks reconsideration of certain aspects of the Court’s February Order. (See 14 MTD; MFR.) 15 III. REQUESTS FOR JUDICIAL NOTICE 16 A court is generally limited to the pleadings in ruling on a Federal Rule of Civil 17 Procedure (“Rule”) 12(b)(6) motion but may consider “attached exhibits, documents 18 incorporated by reference, and matters properly subject to judicial notice.” In re 19 NVIDIA Corp. Sec. Litig., 768 F.3d 1046, 1051 (9th Cir. 2014); see Lee v. City of Los 20 Angeles, 250 F.3d 668 , 688–89 (9th Cir. 2001). “[A] court may judicially notice a 21 fact that is not subject to reasonable dispute because it: (1) is generally known within 22 the trial court’s territorial jurisdiction; or (2) can be accurately and readily determined 23 from sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned.” Fed. R. Evid. 24 201(b). “Judicial notice is appropriate for records and ‘reports of administrative 25 bodies.’” United States v. 14.02 Acres of Land More or Less in Fresno Cty., 547 F.3d 26 943, 955 (9th Cir. 2008); see also Adetuyi v. City & Cty. of San Francisco, 63 F. Supp. 27 3d 1073, 1080 (N.D. Cal. 2014) (taking judicial notice of an EEOC Intake 28 Questionnaire, letters from the EEOC, and a Right to Sue letter). Further, a document 1 may be incorporated by reference where neither party disputes its authenticity and the 2 pleading necessarily relies on the document. See Marder v. Lopez, 450 F.3d 445 , 448 3 (9th Cir. 2006); Lee, 250 F.3d at 688 . 4 Both parties request judicial notice of documents. (See Pl.’s Req. Judicial 5 Notice (“RJN”), ECF No. 24; Def.’s RJN, ECF No. 19.) The Court previously took 6 judicial notice of the documents Defendant submits and need not do so again. (See 7 Feb. Order 5.) On that basis, Defendant’s RJN is DENIED as moot. Dr. Merlo seeks 8 judicial notice of EEO Specialist Sugg’s email confirming workplace mediation as 9 well as excerpts from the VA’s Report of Investigation. (Pl.’s RJN 2; Merlo Decl. 10 ¶¶ 2–4, Exs. 1–3.) Defendant does not oppose Dr. Merlo’s RJN. The documents Dr. 11 Merlo submits are either records and reports of an administrative body or incorporated 12 by reference in Dr. Merlo’s FAC. Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Dr. Merlo’s RJN. 13 However, the Court takes judicial notice only of the existence of these documents, not 14 the truth of any facts asserted in them. See Lee, 250 F.3d at 688–89. 15 IV. LEGAL STANDARD 16 A court may dismiss a complaint under Rule 12(b)(6) for lack of a cognizable 17 legal theory or insufficient facts pleaded to support an otherwise cognizable legal 18 theory. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988). “To 19 survive a motion to dismiss . . . under Rule 12(b)(6), a complaint generally must 20 satisfy only the minimal notice pleading requirements of Rule 8(a)(2)”—a short and 21 plain statement of the claim. Porter v. Jones, 319 F.3d 483, 494 (9th Cir. 2003); see 22 also Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). The “[f]actual allegations must be enough to raise a right 23 to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 , 555 24 (2007). The “complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 25 state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 , 26 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). “A pleading that offers ‘labels and 27 conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not 28 do.’” Id. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 ). 1 Whether a complaint satisfies the plausibility standard is a “context-specific 2 task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common 3 sense.” Id. at 679 . A court is generally limited to the pleadings and must construe all 4 “factual allegations set forth in the complaint . . . as true and . . . in the light most 5 favorable” to the plaintiff. Lee, 250 F.3d at 679 . But a court need not blindly accept 6 conclusory allegations, unwarranted deductions of fact, and unreasonable inferences. 7 Sprewell v. Golden State Warriors, 266 F.3d 979, 988 (9th Cir. 2001). Where a 8 district court grants a motion to dismiss, it should generally provide leave to amend 9 unless it is clear the complaint could not be saved by any amendment. See Fed. R. 10 Civ. P. 15(a); Manzarek v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co., 519 F.3d 1025, 1031 (9th 11 Cir. 2008). 12 V. DISCUSSION 13 Defendant contends Dr. Merlo’s age discrimination and retaliation claims are 14 time-barred as to events occurring more than forty-five days before May 29, 2015, the 15 date Defendant asserts Dr. Merlo first sought EEO counseling. (MTD 1.) Defendant 16 also contends certain of Dr. Merlo’s requested damages and jury demand are legally 17 impermissible and asks the Court to dismiss them or reconsider those aspects of its 18 February Order. (MTD 1; see MFR.) As the motions overlap substantively, the Court 19 considers them together. 20 A. Timeliness 21 Federal employees who believe they have been discriminated against based on 22 age have two options. Whitman v. Mineta, 541 F.3d 929, 932 (9th Cir. 2008). First, 23 an employee may “bypass” administrative procedures by giving the EEOC “notice of 24 the alleged discriminatory act within 180 days, and g[iving] notice of his intent to sue 25 at least thirty days before commencing suit in a federal court.” Id. (citing 29 U.S.C. 26 §§ 633a(c), (d)). Alternatively, he may invoke the EEOC administrative process and 27 appeal any loss to the courts. Id. (citing 29 U.S.C. §§ 633a(b), (c)); see also Lacayo v. 28 Donahoe, No. 14-CV-04077-JSC, 2015 WL 993448 , at *8 n.3 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 4, 1 2015) (discussing that the second path under the ADEA “functions just as it does in 2 the context of the Rehabilitation Act and Title VII claims”). 3 If an employee chooses to invoke the EEOC administrative claims process, he 4 must comply with the regulations associated with that process. Carver v. Holder, 606 5 F.3d 690, 695 (9th Cir. 2010); Lacayo, 2015 WL 993448 , at *8 n.3. This includes the 6 requirement to “consult an EEO counselor within forty-five days of the effective date 7 of the contested personnel action.” Shelley v. Geren, 666 F.3d 599, 605 (9th Cir. 8 2012) (citing 29 C.F.R. §§ 1614.103 , 1614.105(a)(1)). “[A]bsent waiver, estoppel, or 9 equitable tolling, ‘failure to comply with this regulation [is] . . . fatal to a federal 10 employee’s discrimination claim’ in federal court.” Id. (quoting Kraus v. Presidio Tr. 11 Facilities Div./Residential Mgmt. Branch, 572 F.3d 1039, 1043 (9th Cir. 2009)). 12 Thus, the counseling requirement acts “like a statute of limitations” to bar claims 13 based on events occurring more than forty-five days before a plaintiff seeks EEO 14 counseling. See Pena v. U.S. Postal Serv., No. 18-CV-03923-JCS, 2019 WL 634645 , 15 at *7 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 14, 2019) (citing Kraus, 572 F.3d at 1043 ); see also Nat’l R.R. 16 Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 113 (2002) (“[D]iscrete discriminatory 17 acts are not actionable if time barred, even when they are related to acts alleged in 18 timely filed charges . . . each discrete act starts a new clock . . . .”) 19 Dr. Merlo contends the Court has already ruled that he may assert his claims 20 regardless of the forty-five-day EEO Counselor contact requirement. (Opp’n MTD 5, 21 ECF No. 21.) Dr. Merlo is incorrect. In the February Order, the Court found Dr. 22 Merlo’s age discrimination claim sufficiently like or reasonably related to his EEO 23 charge such that the Court has jurisdiction over the claim (Feb. Order 7–9); Leong v. 24 Potter, 347 F.3d 1117, 1122 (9th Cir. 2003) (“The jurisdictional scope of the 25 plaintiff’s court action depends on the scope of the EEOC charge and investigation.”). 26 But whether a claim is timely, including whether a claimant made a timely request for 27 EEO counseling, is distinct from that jurisdictional question. See Hamm v. Nielsen, 28 No. CV-18-5702-PSG (JPRx), 2019 WL 3000656 , at *6 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 29, 2019) 1 (“In addition to timely initiating EEO counseling, a plaintiff alleging discrimination 2 must exhaust his administrative remedies by presenting his claim to the EEOC.”); 3 Lacayo, 2015 WL 993448 , at *10 (“Once a plaintiff has demonstrated substantial 4 compliance with the presentment requirement, the court then considers whether the 5 plaintiff timely requested counseling within 45 days of any alleged adverse 6 employment action pursuant to 29 C.F.R. § 1615.105 (a)(1).”). The Court did not 7 previously reach the question of whether Dr. Merlo’s claims are time-barred based on 8 the EEO counseling requirement. (See generally Order; Mot. 5–7.) 9 Defendant moves to dismiss Dr. Merlo’s age discrimination claim2 to the extent 10 it is premised on events occurring more than forty-five days before May 29, 2015. 11 (Mot. 6–7.) Defendant asserts this is the date Dr. Merlo first contacted an EEO 12 counselor. (Mot. 6–7 (citing the EEO Counselor Winter’s June 2, 2015, letter, which 13 shows that Dr. Merlo reported his claim to the Office of Resolution Management on 14 May 29, 2015).) From Dr. Merlo’s allegations, the date of his first EEO counseling 15 contact is unclear. (See FAC.) However, he requested mediation of the VA’s 16 decision to terminate his position in April 2015. (FAC ¶ 23.) EEO specialist Sugg 17 confirmed the mediation via email on April 15, 2015, which indicates that EEO 18 specialist Sugg was party to Dr. Merlo’s mediation request at least by April 15, 2015. 19 (April 15, 2015 Email.) Construing the allegations in the light most favorable to Dr. 20 Merlo at this pleading stage, this is sufficient to establish that Dr. Merlo satisfied the 21 EEO Counselor contact requirement by April 15, 2015. See Kraus, 572 F.3d at 1044 22 (“[A] complainant may satisfy the criterion of EEO Counselor contact by initiating 23 contact with any agency official logically connected with the EEO process, even if 24 that official is not an EEO Counselor, and by exhibiting an intent to begin the EEO 25 process.”). [26] 2 Defendant nominally moves to dismiss both Dr. Merlo’s age discrimination claim and his [27] retaliation claim on this basis; however, Defendant does not identify any allegations of retaliation 28 that it seeks to dismiss. (See Mot. 6–7.) Accordingly, Defendant’s motion to dismiss is DENIED to the extent it seeks to partially dismiss Dr. Merlo’s retaliation claim. 1 Nevertheless, Dr. Merlo insists this date should be earlier because he gave 2 notice to Defendant in February 2015 when he complained to the Chief of Staff about 3 Dr. Sadeghi’s comment. (Opp’n MTD 7–8; FAC ¶ 19.) But complaints to 4 supervisors who are not “logically connected to the EEO process” are insufficient to 5 meet the EEO counselor contact requirement. Kraus, 572 F.3d at 1046 n.8 (citing 6 Johnson v. Henderson, 314 F.3d 409, 415 (9th Cir. 2002)). Dr. Merlo’s contact with 7 EEO specialist Sugg is the first asserted connection to the EEO process. Forty-five 8 days before April 15, 2015, is March 1, 2015. Accordingly, to the extent Dr. Merlo’s 9 age discrimination claim is premised on events occurring before March 1, 2015, it is 10 time-barred, absent some form of tolling. See Lacayo, 2015 WL 993448 , at *10–12 11 (finding ADEA claims time-barred to the extent premised on events occurring more 12 than forty-five days before EEO counselor contact); Harris v. Potter, No. C00-4688 13 BZ, 2002 WL 31298852 , at *2 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 8, 2002) (same). 14 Accordingly, the Court DISMISSES Dr. Merlo’s age discrimination claim 15 insofar as it is based on events before March 1, 2015.3 However, the Court is not 16 convinced that leave to amend would be futile. Dr. Merlo could conceivably allege 17 facts that give rise to a plausible inference that he sought EEO counseling within 18 forty-five days of events before March 1, 2015, or that grounds exist for an equitable 19 exception to the time-bar. As such, the Court grants Dr. Merlo leave to amend. 20 B. Damages and Jury Trial 21 Defendant also moves to dismiss Dr. Merlo’s claims for compensatory, 22 liquidated, and “emotional distress” damages, and his request for a jury trial, as legally 23 impermissible under the ADEA against a federal employer. (MTD 7–9.) 24 Alternatively, Defendant asks the Court to reconsider aspects of its February Order, 25 asserting the Court erred when it denied Defendant’s motion to strike these items. 26 (MTD 7 n.3; MFR 2–4.) [27] 28 3 Dr. Merlo may still use evidence of prior acts as background evidence in support of his timely claims. Morgan, 536 U.S. at 113 . 1 Defendant moves for reconsideration under Rule 59(e) and Local Rule 7-18, but 2 neither provides a basis for reconsideration here. Rule 59(e) requires, as a 3 precondition, entry of a final judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) (allowing a motion 4 to alter or amend a judgment). No judgment has issued in this action. Local Rule 5 7-18 provides for reconsideration on the basis of a material difference in fact or law, 6 the emergence of new facts or law, or a manifest failure to consider material facts. 7 C.D. Cal. L.R. 7-18. Defendant does not suggest any of these grounds apply. (See 8 MFR.) Nevertheless, as the February Order is not a final order, the Court has inherent 9 authority to modify it for sufficient cause. City of Los Angeles, Harbor Div. v. Santa 10 Monica Baykeeper, 254 F.3d 882, 889 (9th Cir. 2001) (“[A]s long as a district court 11 has jurisdiction over the case, then it possesses the inherent procedural power to 12 reconsider, rescind, or modify an interlocutory order for cause seen by it to be 13 sufficient.”). Therefore, the Court will consider whether either dismissal or 14 reconsideration is appropriate. 15 As to damages, Defendant correctly states that compensatory, liquidated, and 16 “emotional distress” damages are not available under the ADEA against a federal 17 employer. See C.I.R. v. Schleier, 515 U.S. 323 , 326 and n.2 (1995) (“[T]he ADEA 18 does not permit a separate recovery of compensatory damages for pain and suffering 19 or emotional distress.”); Ahlmeyer v. Nev. Sys. of Higher Educ., 555 F.3d 1051 , 1059 20 (9th Cir. 2009) (“Compensatory damages for pain and suffering and punitive damages 21 are not available under the ADEA . . . .”); Lindblom v. Sec’y of Army, No. 2:06-CV22 2280-GEB (GGH), 2007 WL 1378019 , at *2 (E.D. Cal. May 10, 2007) (striking 23 compensatory and liquidated damages as unavailable under the ADEA). 24 Nevertheless, Dr. Merlo argues that the Supreme Court recently “expanded 25 damages available to federal sector plaintiffs” in Babb v. Wilkie, 140 S. Ct. 1168 26 (2020). (Opp’n MTD 12; Opp’n MFR 2, ECF No. 23.) But the question before the 27 Court in Babb concerned whether age must be a “but-for cause” of a personnel action 28 to impose liability under the ADEA, not what damages are available to a federal 1 sector ADEA plaintiff. See Babb, 140 S. Ct. at 1171 . Nothing in Babb controverts 2 existing authority that compensatory damages for pain and suffering, liquidated 3 damages, and “emotional distress” damages are unavailable. The Court will not apply 4 dicta from Babb to substantially expand available remedies. Accordingly, the Court 5 GRANTS Defendant’s motion to dismiss as to Dr. Merlo’s claims for compensatory 6 damages for pain and suffering, liquidated damages, and “emotional distress” 7 damages. 8 However, the Court does not find error in its denial of Defendant’s motion to 9 strike these damages. The Ninth Circuit has stated that “Rule 12(f) does not authorize 10 district courts to strike claims for damages on the ground that such claims are 11 precluded as a matter of law.” Whittlestone, Inc. v. Handi-Craft Co., 618 F.3d 970 , 12 974–75 (9th Cir. 2010). Thus, the motion for reconsideration is DENIED on the issue 13 of damages. 14 Regarding Dr. Merlo’s request for a jury trial, the Supreme Court has held there 15 is no right to a jury trial for ADEA claims against the federal government. Lehman v. 16 Nakshian, 453 U.S. 156, 165 (1981). The Court previously cited Lutz v. Glendale 17 Union High School, 403 F.3d 1061, 1068 (9th Cir. 2005), to conclude that striking the 18 jury demand would be improper, but that case did not address claims arising under the 19 ADEA or against a federal employer. As Dr. Merlo brings claims under only the 20 ADEA, which affords no right to a jury trial, the Court finds reconsideration as to this 21 issue appropriate. See Lehman, 453 U.S. at 165 ; see also Prouty v. Berryhill, No. CV 22 18-08567-PA (JPRx), 2019 WL 8164378 , at *4 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2019) (citing 23 Lehman and striking demand for a jury trial on ADEA claims against federal 24 government defendant). Therefore, the Court GRANTS reconsideration on this issue 25 and STRIKES Dr. Merlo’s jury demand. The Court DENIES as moot Defendant’s 26 motion to dismiss Dr. Merlo’s jury demand. [28] 1 VI. CONCLUSION 2 For the foregoing reasons, the Court DISMISSES Dr. Merlo’s age 3 || discrimination claim to the extent it is premised on conduct occurring before March 1, 2015, with leave to amend. The Court DISMISSES Dr. Merlo’s claims for 5 || compensatory damages for pain and suffering, liquidated damages, and “emotional 6 || distress” damages. The Court GRANTS, in part, Defendant’s motion for 7 || reconsideration, and STRIKES Dr. Merlo’s request for a jury trial. Defendants 8 || motions are DENIED in all other respects. (ECF Nos. 18, 20.) 9 Dr. Merlo may file a Second Amended Complaint within fourteen (14) days of 10 || this Order insofar as he can allege facts that give rise to a plausible inference that he 11 || sought EEO counseling within forty-five days of events predating March 1, 2015, or 12 | that grounds exist for an equitable exception. If Dr. Merlo does not file a timely 13 || Second Amended Complaint, Defendant shall file an Answer to Dr. Merlo’s First 14 | Amended Complaint within twenty-one (21) days of this Order. [15] 16 IT IS SO ORDERED. [17] 18 August 25, 2020 “ 19 Y 20 Geddiod OTIS D. WRIGHT, II UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE