Gastelum v. Central Valley Hospitality LLC

[7] UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT [8] EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [9] 10 FERNANDO GASTELUM, Case No. 1:21-cv-01079-JLT-SAB 11 Plaintiff, ORDER SETTING HEARING ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT 12 v. ORDER REQUIRING PLAINTIFF TO 13 CENTRAL VALLEY HOSPITALITY LLC, SUPPLEMENT MOTION FOR DEFAULT dba FAIRFIELD INN & SUITES BY JUDGMENT 14 MARRIOTT BAKERSFIELD CENTRAL, ORDER REQUIRING PLAINTIFF TO FILE 15 Defendant. PROOFS OF SERVICE ON DEFENDANT 16 (ECF No. 20) 17 THIRTY-DAY DEADLINE [18] 19 Plaintiff Fernando Gastelum (“Plaintiff”), proceeding pro se, initiated this action on July 20 12, 2021. (ECF No. 1.) On March 21, 2022, Plaintiff filed a motion for default judgment, but a 21 hearing on the motion was not scheduled. (ECF No. 20.) Accordingly, the Court shall set the 22 matter for hearing, and issue a briefing schedule. 23 Additionally, upon initial review of the motion for default judgment, the Court finds the 24 following deficiencies in the motion. Plaintiff shall be ordered to supplement his motion for 25 default judgment to address the issues identified in this order. 26 A. Service 27 The court must determine the adequacy of service of process in deciding a motion for default judgment. Automattic Inc. v. Steiner, 82 F. Supp. 3d 1011, 1019 (N.D. Cal. 2015). “A 1 default judgment entered when there has been no proper service of the complaint is void, and 2 should be set aside.” In re Campbell, 105 B.R. 19, 21 (9th Cir. 1989). 3 Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which governs service of the summons, 4 provides: 5 Unless federal law provides otherwise, an individual — other than a minor, an incompetent person, or a person whose waiver has been filed — may be served in 6 a judicial district of the United States by: 7 (1) following state law for serving a summons in an action brought in courts of general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located or where service 8 is made; or 9 (2) doing any of the following: 10 (A) delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally; [11] (B) leaving a copy of each at the individual’s dwelling or usual place of 12 abode with someone of suitable age and discretion who resides there; or 13 (C) delivering a copy of each to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process. [14] 15 Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e). 16 California law allows for service upon an individual by personal delivery to the person to 17 be served. Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.10 . California also allows for substitute service upon an 18 individual: 19 If a copy of the summons and complaint cannot with reasonable diligence be personally delivered to the person to be served . . . a summons may be served by 20 leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at the person’s dwelling house, usual place of abode, usual place of business, or usual mailing address other than 21 a United States Postal Service post office box, in the presence of a competent member of the household or a person apparently in charge of his or her office, 22 place of business, or usual mailing address other than a United States Postal Service post office box, at least 18 years of age, who shall be informed of the 23 contents thereof, and by thereafter mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint by first-class mail, postage prepaid to the person to be served at the 24 place where a copy of the summons and complaint were left. [25] Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.20 (b). 26 As stated in the statute and emphasized in the Judicial Council comments, substitute 27 service on an individual is only allowed if personal service cannot be effectuated after the 1 Comment to Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.20 (b); Burchett v. City of Newport Beach, 33 Cal. App. 2 4th 1472, 1477 (1995) (“As noted in the Legislative comment to the section, ‘Personal delivery 3 must be attempted in all cases where this alternative method of service is used.’ ”); Jes Solar Co. 4 Ltd. v. Tong Soo Chung, 725 Fed. App’x 467, 470 (9th Cir. 2018) (noting same). Further, “[t]he 5 process server, or other persons with personal knowledge of the facts, must set forth in the proof 6 of service facts showing that the various requirements were complied with [Sections 417.10(a), 7 417.20(a)].” Judicial Council Comment to Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.20 (b). Specifically, 8 Section 417.10(a) states: 9 Proof that a summons was served on a person within this state shall be made: 10 (a) If served under Section 415.10, 415.20, or 415.30, by the affidavit of the person making the service showing the time, place, and manner of service and 11 facts showing that the service was made in accordance with this chapter. The affidavit shall recite or in other manner show the name of the person to whom a 12 copy of the summons and of the complaint were delivered, and, if appropriate, his or her title or the capacity in which he or she is served, and that the notice 13 required by Section 412.30 appeared on the copy of the summons served, if in fact it did appear. [15] Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 417.10 (a). 16 Upon review of the record, the Court cannot now determine that service of process was 17 properly effected. First, the Court notes the agent for service of process listed on the California 18 Secretary of State’s business search website for Central Valley Hospitality, LLC is Raju Verma, 19 located at the address 8300 Granite Falls Drive, Bakersfield, California 93312.1 See 20 https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/CBS/Detail (last visited Mar. 23, 2022). Plaintiff’s process 21 server did not effect service of process on Mr. Verma, but instead served Angie Early at the 22 address of 8312 Espresso Drive, Bakersfield, California 93312. (ECF Nos. 10, 12.) The Court 23 previously accepted this service in light of the process server’s averment that Ms. Early was the 24 General Manager for Central Valley Hospitality, LLC. (See id.) [25] 1 The Court takes judicial notice of the business entity details contained on the California Secretary of State’s [26] webpage pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 201. See also Reyn’s Pasta Bella, LLC v. Visa USA, Inc., 442 F.3d 741 , 746 n.6 (9th Cir. 2006); L’Garde, Inc. v. Raytheon Space & Airborne Sys., 805 F. Supp. 2d 932, 938 (C.D. Cal. 27 2011) (taking judicial notice of records searches on the California Secretary of State corporate search website as the accuracy of such record searches “can be determined by readily accessible resources whose accuracy cannot 1 However, instead of serving the instant motion for default judgment on Ms. Early or Mr. 2 Verma, Plaintiff served his motion on a completely different person, Daniel Klingenberger, Esq., 3 at 5001 E. Commercenter Drive, Suite 300, P.O. Box. 12092, Bakersfield, California 933894 2090, who Plaintiff now states is the proper party for service because Mr. Klingenberger is 5 counsel for Defendant. (ECF No. 20.) The Court notes the record is devoid of any support for 6 this statement — for example, neither Defendant nor any attorney has made an appearance in this 7 case, Mr. Klingenberger is not designated as an authorized agent of process for Defendant, and 8 Plaintiff provides no explanation as to why he believes Mr. Klingenberger is representing 9 Defendant Central Valley Hospitality, LLC in this lawsuit. Nonetheless, Plaintiff’s new 10 averment casts doubt on the propriety of the initial service of process in this action, as it is no 11 longer clear to the Court that service on Defendant complied with or substantially complied with 12 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4. Thus, in light of the aforementioned inconsistencies now 13 raised, the Court shall require Plaintiff to file supplemental briefing, including declarations or 14 other exhibits as necessary, explaining this inconsistency with the filed executed summonses, as 15 well as explaining why the summonses were served on Ms. Early and not at the addresses for 16 Defendant’s agent on file with the California Secretary of State. 17 Furthermore, while service of the motion for default judgment is not generally required 18 under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(b)(2), in an abundance of caution, the Court will direct 19 Plaintiff to serve both the agent for service of process designated by Defendant Central Valley 20 Hospitality, LLC’s business certificate, Raju Verma, and the purported General Manager for 21 Central Valley Hospitality, LLC, Angie Early, copies of the instant motion with the updated 22 hearing date, and file proofs of service with the Court. 23 B. Barriers that Relate to Plaintiff’s Disability 24 To prevail on a Title III discrimination claim, Plaintiff must show that (1) he is disabled 25 within the meaning of the ADA; (2) Defendant is a private entity that owns, leases, or operates a 26 place of public accommodation; and (3) Plaintiff was denied public accommodations by the 27 defendant because of his disability. Molski v. M.J. Cable, Inc., 481 F.3d 724, 730 (9th Cir. 1 Plaintiff indicates his disability is that he is missing a leg and uses a wheelchair for 2 mobility. Plaintiff then identifies a number of purported barriers in conclusory fashion, without 3 explaining how each alleged barrier he encountered related to his disability. Plaintiff shall be 4 required to set forth the information regarding how he encountered each barrier and how it 5 related to his particular disability. See Chapman v. Pier 1 Imports (U.S.) Inc., 631 F.3d 939 , 947 6 (9th Cir. 2011) (holding a “barrier” only interferes with a plaintiff’s full and equal enjoyment of 7 the facility on account of the plaintiff’s particular disability). 8 C. Compliance with ADA Accessibility Guidelines (“ADAAG”) 9 The ADA requires business facilities be “readily accessible to and usable by individuals 10 with disabilities,” unless it would be “structurally impracticable.” 42 U.S.C. § 12183 (a)(1); 11 Oliver v. Ralphs Grocery Co., 654 F.3d 903, 905 (9th Cir. 2011). The Ninth Circuit observed, 12 “In general, a facility is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities if it 13 meets the requirements promulgated by the Attorney General in the ‘ADA Accessibility 14 Guidelines,’ or the ‘ADAAG.’ ” Oliver, 654 F.3d at 905 . These standards are codified at 28 15 C.F.R. Pt. 36, Appendix A, and are “essentially an encyclopedia of design standards.” See id. 16 As noted, Plaintiff identifies a number of purported barriers in conclusory fashion; he 17 does not explain how each identified barrier fails to comply with the requirements of the 18 ADAAG/ADA Standards. The absence of an ADAAG/ADA Standards violation precludes 19 Plaintiff’s ADA claim. See Gastelum v. Tc Heritage Inn 2 of Bakersfield LLC, No. 1:21-cv20 1230 JLT BAK (SAB), 2022 WL 541791 , at *8 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 23, 2022) (citing Brooke v. Sai 21 Ashish, No. 1:21-cv-00967-AWI-SAB, 2021 WL 4804220 , at *8 (E.D. Cal. Oc. 14, 2021), 22 findings and recommendations adopted, 2022 WL 446676 (Feb. 14, 2022)); see also Strojnik v. 23 Bakersfield Convention Hotel I, LLC, 436 F. Supp. 3d 1332 , 1339 (E.D. Cal. 2020) (indicating 24 that a plaintiff must identify a specific provision of the ADAAG the defendant violated to 25 establish standing). Accordingly, Plaintiff shall be required to set forth the information 26 identifying the specific provision/s of the ADAAG/ADA Standards each alleged barrier violated. 27 D. Threat of Future Harm 1 “real and immediate threat of repeated injury” or, in other words, that there is “a sufficient 2 likelihood that he will again be wronged in a similar way.” Fortyune v. Am. Multi-Cinema, Inc., [3] 364 F.3d 1075, 1081 (9th Cir. 2004) (quoting O’Shea v. Littleton, 414 U.S. 488, 496 (1974); 4 City of L.A. v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95, 111 (1983)) (internal quotation marks omitted). The Ninth 5 Circuit identified two ways an ADA plaintiff may demonstrate a likelihood of future harm: (1) 6 the plaintiff can show “an intent to return to a noncompliant accommodation” when he would be 7 “likely to reencounter a discriminatory architectural barrier” or (2) a plaintiff can show that “he 8 is deterred from visiting a noncompliant public accommodation because he has encountered 9 barriers related to his disability there.” Chapman, 631 F.3d at 948–50; see also Doran v. 710 Eleven, Inc., 524 F.3d 1034, 1040 (9th Cir. 2008) (discussing deterrence). 11 Plaintiff elects to proceed with deterrence. To establish deterrence, “an ADA plaintiff 12 must demonstrate that he would return but for the barrier.” Feezor v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 608 13 Fed. App’x 476, 477 (9th Cir. 2015). Conclusory allegations of deterrence, however, are 14 insufficient. Id. A plaintiff must allege more, such as frequency of travel to a region, to support 15 a determination that he is deterred from a return due to the alleged barriers. See, e.g., Whitaker 16 v. Ramon Bravo, Inc., No. 21-cv-03714-JCS, 2021 WL 4133871 , at *4 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 17 2021) (finding a plaintiff sufficiently alleged imminent future injury based on allegations that he 18 is an ADA tester who frequently travels to the Bay Area, including the Redwood City area where 19 the restaurant was located). In his motion for default judgment, Plaintiff alleges he was 20 “deterred” from revisiting the hotel because it is not fully compliant with disability laws. 21 Because this is the only allegation Plaintiff asserts with respect to deterrence, the allegation is 22 conclusory and insufficient to establish deterrence. Accordingly, Plaintiff shall be required to set 23 forth the factual allegations supporting his assertion of deterrence. 24 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT: 25 1. Plaintiff shall serve copies of his motion for default judgment and this order on 26 Defendant via the agent for service of process listed on the California Secretary of 27 State’s business search website for Central Valley Hospitality, LLC, Raju Verma, 1 Angie Early; 2 2. Plaintiff shall file proofs of service with the Court within thirty (30) days of 3 issuance of this order; 4 3. Also within thirty (30) days of issuance of this order, Plaintiff shall file 5 supplemental briefing addressing the issues identified in this order; and 6 4. A hearing on Plaintiff's motion for default judgment (ECF No. 20) is set for June 7 1, 2022, at 10:00 a.m. in Courtroom 9 before the Honorable Stanley A. Boone; 8 and 9 5. The Court sets the following briefing schedule for the motion: 10 a. Defendant’s opposition to the motion for default judgment, if any, is due 11 May 13, 2022; and 12 b. Plaintiff's reply, if any, is due May 25, 2022. [13] 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. □□ (Se 15 | Dated: _ March 24, 2022 OF 16 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE