(SS) Erickson v. Commissioner of Social Security

[7] 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [10] 11 DAWN M. ERICKSON, Case No. 2:20-cv-02123-JDP (SS) 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND 13 v. DENYING THE COMMISSIONER’S CROSSMOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT 14 KILOLO KIJAKZI, Acting Commissioner of Social Security ECF Nos. 15 & 17 [15] Defendant. [16] 17 Plaintiff challenges the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security 18 (“Commissioner”) denying her application for Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”) and 19 Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) under Title II and XVI of the Social Security Act. Both 20 parties have moved for summary judgment.1 ECF Nos. 15 & 17. The court grants plaintiff’s 21 motion for summary judgment, denies Commissioner’s motion, and remands this matter for 22 further administrative proceedings. 23 Standard of Review 24 An Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) decision denying an application for disability 25 benefits will be upheld if it is supported by substantial evidence in the record and if the correct 26 legal standards were applied. Stout v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1052 (9th Cir. [27] 1 The Commissioner filed a pleading styled as an opposition to plaintiff’s motion for 28 summary judgment, ECF No. 17, which I construe as a cross-motion for summary judgment. 1 2006). “‘Substantial evidence’ means more than a mere scintilla, but less than a preponderance; it 2 is such relevant evidence as a reasonable person might accept as adequate to support a 3 conclusion.” Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1035 (9th Cir. 2007). 4 “The ALJ is responsible for determining credibility, resolving conflicts in medical 5 testimony, and resolving ambiguities.” Edlund v. Massanari, 253 F.3d 1152, 1156 (9th Cir. 6 2001) (citations omitted). “Where the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational 7 interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ’s conclusion must be upheld.” 8 Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 (9th Cir. 2002). However, the court will not affirm on 9 grounds upon which the ALJ did not rely. Connett v. Barnhart, 340 F.3d 871, 874 (9th Cir. 2003) 10 (“We are constrained to review the reasons the ALJ asserts.”). 11 A five-step sequential evaluation process is used in assess ing eligibility for Social 12 Security disability benefits. Under this process the ALJ is required to determine: (1) whether the 13 claimant is engaged in substantial gainful activity; (2) whether the claimant has a medical 14 impairment (or combination of impairments) that qualifies as severe; (3) whether any of the 15 claimant’s impairments meet or medically equal the severity of one of the impairments in 20 16 C.F.R., Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1; (4) whether the claimant can perform past relevant work; and 17 (5) whether the claimant can perform other specified types of work. See Barnes v. Berryhill, 895 18 F.3d 702 , 704 n.3 (9th Cir. 2018). The claimant bears the burden of proof for the first four steps 19 of the inquiry, while the Commissioner bears the burden at the final step. Bustamante v. 20 Massanari, 262 F.3d 949, 953-54 (9th Cir. 2001). 21 Background 22 Plaintiff filed an application for DIB and SSI, alleging disability beginning April 30, 23 2019. Administrative Record (“AR”) 346-358. After her application was denied initially and 24 upon reconsideration, plaintiff appeared and testified at a hearing before an ALJ. AR 104-47, 25 150-59. On March 30, 2020, another ALJ issued a decision finding that plaintiff was not 26 disabled. AR 12-27. Specifically, the ALJ found that: [27] 1. The claimant has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since 28 April 30, 2009, the alleged onset date. [1] 2 2. The claimant has the following severe impairments: Sjogren’s disorder; fibromyalgia; major depressive disorder; panic disorder; [3] and posttraumatic stress disorder. [4] * * * [5] 3. The claimant does not have an impairment or combination of 6 impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of 7 the listed impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. 8 * * * 9 4. After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds that the claimant has the residual functional capacity to 10 perform light work as defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b) and 11 416.967(b) except frequent ramps, stairs, ladders, r opes & scaffolds, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching & crawling. 12 She can do work involving occasional public interaction, would be off task 10% of the time, and no decision making except for the 13 very simplest routine work. [14] * * * [15] 5. The claimant is unable to perform any past relevant work. [16] * * * [17] 6. The claimant was born [in] 1973 and was 35 years old, which is [18] defined as a younger individual age 18-49, on the alleged disability 19 onset date. 20 7. The claimant has at least a high school education and is able to communicate in English. [21] 8. Transferability of job skills is not material to the determination of [22] disability because using the Medical-Vocational Rules as a 23 framework supports a finding that the claimant is “not disabled,” whether or not the claimant has transferable job skills. [24] 9. Considering the claimant’s age, education, work experience, and [25] residual functional capacity, there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that the claimant can perform. [26] 27 * * * 28 10. The claimant has not been under a disability, as defined in the 1 Social Security Act, from April 30, 2009, through the date of this decision. [2] 3 AR 15-27 (citations to the code of regulations omitted). 4 Plaintiff requested review by the Appeals Council, which denied the request. She now 5 seeks judicial review under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405 (g), 1383(c)(3). 6 Analysis 7 Plaintiff advances three primary arguments. First, she argues that the ALJ erred in 8 weighing the medical opinion evidence. ECF No. 15-1 at 13. Second, she argues that the ALJ 9 improperly discounted her testimony with respect to her fibromyalgia and mental health 10 disorders. Id. at 19 . Third, she contends that the ALJ’s step-five finding is not supported by 11 substantial evidence. Id. at 23 . I agree that the ALJ committed re versable error by discounting 12 plaintiff’s symptom testimony. Because the error requires that this case be remanded for further 13 administrative proceedings, I decline to address plaintiff’s remaining arguments. 14 “[O]nce a claimant produces objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment, an 15 [ALJ] may not reject a claimant’s subjective complaints based solely on a lack of objective 16 medical evidence to fully corroborate the alleged severity of pain.” Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947 F.2d 17 341, 345 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc). If an ALJ finds a plaintiff’s pain testimony not credible, the 18 ALJ “must specifically make findings that support this conclusion,” and the findings “must be 19 sufficiently specific to allow a reviewing court to conclude the [ALJ] rejected the claimant’s 20 testimony on permissible grounds and did not arbitrarily discredit [the] claimant’s testimony.” Id. 21 (internal quotation marks omitted). “If there is no affirmative evidence that the claimant is 22 malingering, the ALJ must provide clear and convincing reasons for rejecting the claimant’s 23 testimony regarding the severity of symptoms.” Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th 24 Cir. 2001) (citing Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998)); see also Ahearn v. Saul, [25] 988 F.3d 1111, 1116 (9th Cir. 2021) (noting that an ALJ can reject a plaintiff’s testimony about 26 the severity of symptoms only by offering specific, clear, and convincing reasons). 27 Plaintiff testified that she struggles with depression, anxiety, and pain. AR 46-47, 54. [28] 1 She explained that her depression typically causes her to have “two good days a month” and she 2 recounted times when she would stay in bed for anywhere from two to eight days because of her 3 depression. AR 50-51. She explained that her depression caused her to “not mentally [be] there 4 for [her] son” and that she did not feel like she was able to be “mom” because she’s always sick. 5 AR 52. She testified that she has anxiety going to the store and takes her son with her for 6 support. AR 64-66. Plaintiff further testified that her hands hurt and go numb. AR 76. 7 The ALJ found that plaintiff’s testimony was inconsistent with her conservative treatment, 8 her reported improvement with medication, her daily activities, and the objective medical 9 evidence. None of these reasons is legally sufficient. 10 With respect to the first reason, the ALJ noted that plaintiff’s treatment included 11 “prescribed physical therapy, topical analgesics, psychotherapy, p sychoeducation, and prescribed 12 medicine.” Id. AR 392. The ALJ, however, provided no explanation for why she deemed this 13 treatment “conservative.” The record reflects that in addition to physical and psychotherapy, 14 plaintiff has tried numerous medications, including Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Hydroxyzine, 15 Latuda, Effexor, Acetaminophen-Codeine, Zoloft, Cymbalta, Celexa, Gabapentin, Duloxetine, 16 and several others. See, e.g., AR 587, 848, 1137, 1163. Given the various medications that she 17 has been prescribed for her fibromyalgia and mental health disorders, plaintiff’s treatment cannot 18 be fairly characterized as conservative. See Wyatt v. Colvin, 2016 WL 6102335 , at *6 (C.D. Cal. 19 Oct. 19, 2016) (“[A] mental health medication regimen, involving numerous variations of 20 medications and treatment and spanning multiple years is not fairly characterized as ‘conservative 21 care.’”). More significantly, the ALJ did not identify more “aggressive” treatments that plaintiff 22 could have pursued for her medical conditions. See Lapeirre-Gutt v. Astrue, 382 F. App’x 662 , 23 664 (9th Cir. 2010) (holding that an ALJ errs in relying on conservative treatment if “the record 24 does not reflect that more aggressive treatment options are appropriate or available. A claimant 25 cannot be discredited for failing to pursue non-conservative treatment options where none 26 exist.”); see also Chavez v. Colvin, No. ED CV-12-1771-PJW, 2014 WL 1289778 , at *5 (C.D. 27 Cal. Mar. 31, 2014) (finding error where the ALJ did not specify what evidence in the record 28 suggested that the plaintiff’s fibromyalgia treatment was conservative, as opposed to some other 1 more aggressive treatment used to treat the disease, which she refused); Moon v. Colvin, 139 F. 2 Supp. 3d 1211, 1220 (D. Or. 2015) (“[T]he fact that treatment may be routine or conservative is 3 not a basis for finding subjective symptom testimony unreliable absent discussion of the 4 additional, more aggressive treatment options the ALJ believes are available.”). 5 The ALJ also improperly discounted plaintiff’s subjective complaints based on a 6 purported improvement with treatment. In concluding that plaintiff’s symptoms improved with 7 medication, the ALJ cited five medical records, none of which demonstrate significant 8 improvement. AR 22. The first is a dermatology treatment note indicating that plaintiff’s skin 9 condition improved with triamcinolone (a skin cream) and Sarna Original (an anti-itch lotion). 10 AR 618. But improvement in plaintiff’s skin condition has no bearing on her testimony that she 11 has depression, anxiety, and pain. 12 The ALJ also cited to two treatment notes from June 2009 documenting plaintiff’s reports 13 that her medication “worked well” and that there was improvement in her mood and ability to 14 sleep. AR 900-01. However, those records also state that plaintiff had poor coping skills and 15 continued to experience daily anxiety. AR 901. Likewise, the February 2016 psychiatric 16 assessment cited by the ALJ does not reflect significant improvement in her symptoms. AR 861. 17 Instead, it notes that plaintiff had only partial improvement since restarting medication but 18 continued to have difficulty with depression, anxiety, irritability, and sleep disturbances. AR 861. 19 Finally, the ALJ relied on a March 2017 record showing that plaintiff was compliant with her 20 medication and “feeling better.” AR 657. However, that record also reflects that she had 21 difficulty maintaining focus, tired easily, and continued to take frequent naps. Id. A mental 22 examination showed that her speech was over-productive, especially when she was anxious; her 23 thought process was circumstantial; her mood was low with congruent affect; and she cried 24 during the appointment. Id. These records, although noting some improvement with medication, 25 are not inconsistent with plaintiff’s testimony about ongoing issues with depression and anxiety. 26 See Scott v. Astrue, 647 F.3d 734, 739-40 (7th Cir. 2011) (holding that an ALJ is not permitted to 27 “‘cherry pick’ from . . . mixed results to support a denial of benefits”). 28 More fundamentally, the ALJ’s reliance on isolated references to improvement ignores the 1 nature of plaintiff’s impairments. Fibromyalgia is “a rheumatic disease that causes inflammation 2 of the fibrous connective tissue components of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other tissue,” and 3 typical symptoms include “chronic pain throughout the body, multiple tender points, fatigue, 4 stiffness, and a pattern of sleep disturbance that can exacerbate the cycle of pain and fatigue.” 5 See Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 589-90 (9th Cir. 2004). Its “cause is unknown, there is 6 no cure, and it is poorly-understood within much of the medical community.” Id. Due to the 7 nature of this disease, “symptoms of fibromyalgia ‘wax and wane,’ and . . . a person may have 8 ‘bad days and good days.’” See Revels v. Berryhill, 874 F.3d 648, 657 (9th Cir. 2017). With 9 respect to mental health issues, “[c]ycles of improvement and debilitating symptoms are a 10 common occurrence,” and reported “‘improvements’ in the context of mental health issues must 11 be interpreted with an understanding of the patient’s overall well- being and the nature of her 12 symptoms.” Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1017 (9th Cir. 2014); see Holohan v. Massanari, [13] 246 F.3d 1195, 1205 (9th Cir. 2001) (“That a person who suffers from severe panic attacks, 14 anxiety, and depression makes some improvement does not mean that the person’s impairments 15 no longer seriously affect her ability to function in a workplace.”). Here, the ALJ improperly 16 focused on isolated indications of limited improvement without adequate consideration of the 17 numerous records showing that plaintiff’s symptoms persisted. See, e.g., AR 481-82, 701-03, 18 710, 732, 870, 1019; see also Gallant v. Heckler, 753 F.2d 1450, 1456 (9th Cir. 1984) (finding 19 that it was error for an ALJ to ignore or misstate the competent evidence in the record to justify 20 her conclusion). 21 Second, the ALJ concluded that plaintiff’s subjective complaints were inconsistent with 22 her daily activities. AR 22. The ALJ noted that plaintiff “walk[s] for exercise” and that her 23 hobbies included yard work and raising chickens. Id. But plaintiff’s ability to walk for exercise 24 does not undermine her subjective complaints about her fibromyalgia, anxiety, and depression. 25 See Vertigan v. Halter, 260 F.3d 1044, 1050 (9th Cir. 2001) (holding that certain activities, such 26 as limited walking for exercise, does not detract from a plaintiff’s credibility as to her overall 27 disability). Plaintiff was instructed by her doctors to exercise to help with her symptoms. See AR 28 486, 597, 1165. I am not convinced that plaintiff’s apparent compliance with this instruction is 1 reason to consider her complaints suspect. 2 Furthermore, the record does not support the ALJ’s finding that plaintiff’s testimony is 3 inconsistent with her purported ability to care for chickens and to perform yard work. The record, 4 which spans more than 1,200 pages, contains only a single reference to these activities. In a 5 December 2018 questionnaire, plaintiff stated, “I used to like to raise chickens, I like yard work.” 6 AR 1108. This vague statement does not undermine her subjective complaints; it may in fact 7 suggest that she no longer raises chickens. While the statement shows an ability to perform some 8 level of yard work, the record neither reflects how often she performs that activity nor provides 9 any details about what she does. Absent such information, there is no basis to find plaintiff’s 10 activities inconsistent with her reported symptoms. See Trevizo v. Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664 , 676 11 (9th Cir. 2019) (“Though the ALJ repeatedly pointed to Trevizo’s responsibilities caring for her 12 young adoptive children as a reason for rejecting her disability claim, the record provides no 13 details as to what Trevizo’s regular childcare activities involved. . . . Absent specific details about 14 Trevizo’s childcare responsibilities, those tasks cannot constitute ‘substantial evidence’ 15 inconsistent with Dr. Galhotra’s informed opinion, and thus the ALJ improperly relied on 16 Trevizo’s childcare activities to reject the treating physician opinion.”). 17 Finally, the ALJ concluded that the objective medical evidence does not support the 18 severity of plaintiff’s allegations. That reason alone, even if supported by the record, cannot 19 support the ALJ’s rejection of plaintiff’s subjective complaints. See Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d 20 882, 885 (9th Cir. 2004) (“[A]n ALJ may not reject a claimant’s subjective complaints based 21 solely on a lack of objective medical evidence to fully corroborate the alleged severity of pain.”). 22 Accordingly, the ALJ erred in rejecting plaintiff’s testimony about her symptoms. The 23 matter must therefore be remanded for further consideration. See Dominguez v. Colvin, 808 F.3d 24 403, 407 (9th Cir. 2015) (“A district court may reverse the decision of the Commissioner of 25 Social Security, with or without remanding the case for a rehearing, but the proper course, except 26 in rare circumstances, is to remand to the agency for additional investigation or explanation.”) 27 (internal quotes and citations omitted). 28 Accordingly, it is hereby ORDERED that: 1 1. Plaintiffs motion for summary judgment, ECF No. 15, is granted. 2 2. The Commissioner’s cross-motion for summary judgment, ECF No. 17, is denied. 3 3. The matter is remanded for further proceedings. 4 4. The Clerk of Court is directed to enter judgment in plaintiff’s favor. [5] 6 IT IS SO ORDERED. 7 ( — Dated: _ September 28, 2022 Q————. 8 awe D. PE i ERSON 9 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE