Clark v. The Hershey Company

[5] 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT [7] NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [9] 10 HOWARD CLARK, TODD HALL, ANGELA PIRRONE, individually, on 11 behalf of all others similarly situated, and No. C 18-06113 WHA the general public, [12] Plaintiffs, [13] ORDER RE MOTION TO v. INTERVENE [14] THE HERSHEY COMPANY, a Delaware 15 corporation, 16 Defendant. [17] 18 INTRODUCTION 19 In this food-mislabeling case, proposed intervenors move to intervene. For the following 20 reasons, the motion is DENIED. 21 STATEMENT 22 Previous orders have stated the facts of this case. Briefly, defendant The Hershey 23 Company sells chocolates with a fruit-flavored center called “Brookside Dark Chocolate.” 24 Each of the Brookside products at issue in this action are sold in packages with labels that 25 represent the product is made with “No Artificial Flavors.” These products contain malic acid, 26 a synthetic chemical (SAC ¶¶ 6, 18). Plaintiffs, Howard Clark, Todd Hall, and Angela Pirrone, 27 allege the “No Artificial Flavors” labeling is false and misleading due to the presence of malic 1 The operative complaint, filed in March 2019 alleges twelve claims, including (1) fraud 2 by omission, Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1709–1710, (2) negligent misrepresentation, Cal. Civ. Code §§ 3 1709–1710, (3) violation of California’s Consumers Legal Remedies Act (CLRA), Cal. Civ. 4 Code §§ 1750, et seq., (4) violation of California’s Unfair Competition Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. 5 Code §§ 17200, et seq., (5) violation of California’s False Advertising Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. 6 Code §§ 17500, et seq., (6) breach of express and implied warranties, Cal. Com. Code §§ 2313 7 and 2314, (7) violations of §§ 349 and 350 of New York General Business Laws, and (8) 8 claims for breach of express and implied warranties under New York U.C.C. §§ 2-313 and 29 314. 10 A November 2019 order granted defendant’s motion for summary judgment and allowed 11 proposed intervenors to move to intervene as plaintiffs. The proposed intervenors, Suzanne 12 Mirzoyan and Raymond Lee, accordingly filed the instant motion in December. Defendant 13 opposes. This order follows full briefing and oral argument. 14 ANALYSIS 15 Generally, it is improper to allow intervention after denial of class certification due to an 16 inadequate class representative because “it is a back-door attempt to begin the action anew.” 17 Lidie v. State of Cal., 478 F.2d 552, 555 (9th Cir.1973). Once a class is certified, however, 18 substitution may be allowed because a class acquires “a legal status separate from that of the 19 named plaintiffs,” such that the named plaintiffs’ loss of standing does not necessarily call for 20 the “simultaneous dismissal of the class action, if members of that class might still have live 21 claims.” Birmingham Steel Corp. v. Tennessee Valley Auth., 353 F.3d 1331, 1336 (11th Cir. 22 2003). In other words, a suit brought as a class action must be dismissed when there is no 23 longer a case or controversy and no class has been certified. Employers-Teamsters Local Nos. 24 175 & 505 Pension Tr. Fund v. Anchor Capital Advisors, 498 F.3d 920, 924 (9th Cir. 2007). 25 Our situation here is slightly different than the above-mentioned ones, and there is no 26 binding case law directly on point. In the above, either a class certification motion had not 27 been filed or a court had ruled on the merits on a class certification motion already. Here, 1 a summary judgment order finding that the named plaintiffs either did not rely on the label or 2 did not suffer an injury due to the alleged mislabeling. 3 Nonetheless, the reasoning from our court of appeals still applies — without standing, not 4 only must plaintiffs’ motion for class certification be denied, the case must be dismissed. 5 Lierboe v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 350 F.3d 1018, 1023 (9th Cir. 2003). Defendant 6 attempts to distinguish the instant case by pointing to the summary judgment order’s dismissal 7 of plaintiffs’ claims based on a lack of prudential standing and not constitutional standing. 8 Constitutional standing requires: (1) a concrete injury that is actual or imminent and not 9 hypothetical; (2) fairly traceable to the defendant’s allegedly wrongful conduct; (3) that is 10 likely to be redressed by a favorable decision. Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 , 11 560–61 (1992). Here, plaintiff Clark’s injury was not caused by his reliance on the alleged 12 mislabeling and plaintiffs Hall and Pirrone did not rely on the alleged mislabeling. Both of 13 these failures in causation mean there is no longer a live case or controversy, and the case must 14 be dismissed. 15 Even if a motion to intervene were proper, the proposed intervenors have not shown good 16 cause. As a preliminary matter, Rule 16 applies in determining whether the motion should be 17 granted. Rule 16 states that deadlines in a scheduling order may only be modified for good 18 cause. Here, a January 2019 scheduling order specifically provided a deadline of March 28, 19 2019, to add new parties or to amend pleadings (Dkt. No. 29). The proposed intervenors argue 20 that because they are not moving for leave to amend the complaint, only Rule 24 applies, 21 which specifically addresses intervention. In this case, even though the proposed intervenors 22 are not moving to amend the complaint, through the intervention motion, they are seeking to 23 add new parties to serve as class representatives, for which the scheduling order provided a 24 deadline. 25 Following the summary judgment order, the proposed intervenors promptly submitted the 26 instant motion (approximately two weeks after the order) as directed by the order. This case 27 has been ongoing for over a year, however, and fact discovery has closed. Plaintiffs’ counsel 1 injured by it, and yet chose to move for class certification with deficient plaintiffs. Good cause 2 having not been shown, the motion to intervene is DENIED. Judgment will be entered in a 3 separate order. [4] 5 IT IS SO ORDERED. [6] 7 Dated: February 6, 2020. [8] 9 _ LIAM ALSUP 10 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE [13] © [16] = 17 Z 18