Mitchell v. Atchley

— 1 — — 2 — — 3 — 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA — 6 — 7 CORREY MITCHELL, Case No. 21-cv-06176-JST 8 Petitioner, ORDER OF DISMISSAL; DENYING 9 v. CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY 10 MATTHEW ATCHLEY, Respondent. — 11 — — 12 — 13 Petitioner, an inmate at Salinas Valley State Prison, filed this pro se action seeking a writ 14 of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 . His petition is now before the Court for review 15 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2243 and Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United 16 States District Courts. Petitioner has paid the filing fee. ECF No. 1-2. 17 DISCUSSION 18 A. Standard of Review 19 This court may entertain a petition for writ of habeas corpus “in behalf of a person in 20 custody pursuant to the judgment of a state court only on the ground that he is in custody in 21 violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (a); Rose v. 22 Hodges, 423 U.S. 19, 21 (1975). A district court shall “award the writ or issue an order directing 23 the respondent to show cause why the writ should not be granted, unless it appears from the 24 application that the applicant or person detained is not entitled thereto.” 28 U.S.C. § 2243 . 25 B. Petitioner’s Claims 26 Petitioner was convicted on March 24, 2004 of assault, robbery and carjacking in Los 27 Angeles Superior Court. ECF No. 1-1 at 11. He was sentenced on April 17, 2004 to a term of 207 1 No. 1-1 at 1, 11. Petitioner argues that his primary offense is assault with a firearm (Cal. Penal 2 Code § 245(d)(2)), a non-violent crime, thus making him eligible for a parole hearing pursuant to 3 Proposition 57. ECF No. 1-1 at 1. He alleges that he has been denied his right to a parole hearing 4 pursuant to Proposition 57, in violation of the federal Equal Protection Clause and his state 5 constitutional right to due process. ECF No. 1-1 at 2. For the reasons set forth below, this petition 6 for a writ of habeas corpus is DENIED for lack of habeas jurisdiction. 7 C. Dismissal 8 “‘Federal law opens two main avenues to relief on complaints related to imprisonment: a 9 petition for habeas corpus, 28 U.S.C. § 2254 , and a complaint under the Civil Rights Act of 1871, 10 Rev. Stat. § 1979, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 1983 . Challenges to the lawfulness of confinement or 11 to particulars affecting its duration are the province of habeas corpus.’” Hill v. McDonough, 547 12 U.S. 573 , 579 (2006) (quoting Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S. 749, 750 (2004)). Habeas is the 13 “exclusive remedy” for the prisoner who seeks “‘immediate or speedier release’” from 14 confinement. Skinner v. Switzer, 562 U.S. 521, 533-34 (2011) (quoting Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 15 U.S. 74, 82 (2005)); see Calderon v. Ashmus, 523 U.S. 740, 747 (1998). Where the prisoner’s 16 claim would not ‘necessarily spell speedier release,’ however, suit may be brought under § 1983.’” 17 Skinner, 561 U.S. at 533-34 (quoting Wilkinson, 544 U.S. at 82). The Ninth Circuit clarified that 18 if the claim “does not lie at the ‘core of habeas corpus,’ it may not be brought in habeas” and may 19 only be brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 . Nettles v. Grounds, 830 F.3d 922, 931 (9th Cir. 2016) 20 (en banc) (quoting Preiser, 411 U.S. at 487); see also Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 859 (9th 21 Cir. 2003) (“habeas jurisdiction is absent, and a § 1983 action proper, where a successful 22 challenge to a prison condition will not necessarily shorten the prisoner’s sentence”). 23 Here, habeas jurisdiction is lacking because success on Petitioner’s claim would not 24 shorten or end his sentence. Eligibility for a parole hearing pursuant to Proposition 57 would only 25 ensure Petitioner a parole hearing; it would not require Petitioner’s immediate release from prison. 26 Petitioner must still be found suitable for parole before he may be released from prison. Because Petitioner’s claim falls outside the core of habeas corpus, his only potential recourse in federal — 27 — 1 The Court DISMISSES this petition for a writ of habeas corpus for lack of federal habeas 2 || jurisdiction. The dismissal is without prejudice to Petitioner filing a new civil rights action 3 asserting his challenge to the denial of a parole hearing pursuant to Proposition 57. 4 CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY 5 The Court concludes that no “jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition 6 states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right [or] that jurists of reason would find it 7 debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 g U.S. 473, 484 (2000). Accordingly, a certificate of appealability is DENIED. 9 CONCLUSION 10 For the reasons set forth above, the petition for writ of habeas corpus is DISMISSED, and 11 a certificate of appealability is DENIED. The dismissal is without prejudice to Petitioner filing a = 12 || new civil rights action challenging the denial of a parole hearing pursuant to Proposition 57. The 5 13 Clerk shall send Petitioner two copies of the civil rights complaint form and close the file. S 14 IT IS SO ORDERED. 3 15 Dated: August 30, 2021 . 16 JON S. TIGA 3 nited States District Judge — 18 — — 19 — — 20 — — 21 — — 22 — — 23 — — 24 — — 25 — — 26 — — 27 — — 28 —