Dolby Laboratories, Inc. v. Intertrust Technologies Corporation

[3] 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [6] 7 DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC., Case No. 19-cv-03371-EMC 8 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S 9 v. MOTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE RELIEF TO FILE (1) MOTION FOR 10 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND (2) CORPORATION, MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE 11 PLEADINGS Defendant. 12 Docket Nos. 146-47 [14] 15 Dolby has filed a Motion for Administrative Relief to File a Motion for Summary 16 Judgment of Non-Infringement for the ‘602 Patent and Motion for Administrative Relief to File a 17 Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings of Invalidity under 35 U.S.C. § 101 for the ‘721, ‘304, 18 ‘158, ‘106, ‘627 and ‘603 Patents. For the reasons stated herein, the motions are DENIED. 19 I. FACTUAL & PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 20 On June 13, 2019, Dolby filed a Complaint against Intertrust seeking declaratory judgment 21 of non-infringement of ten patents. Docket No. 1. Intertrust then filed an answer and 22 counterclaims for infringement of the Patents-in-suit. Docket No. 63. Around the same time, 23 Intertrust sued three of Dolby’s customers in the Eastern District of Texas, asserting infringement 24 of the same patents. Docket No. 139 at 2. Dolby counterclaimed, asserting that the Patents were 25 invalid under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102 and 103. Docket No. 63. Dolby filed several petitions for IPRs, 26 and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) 27 instituted IPR proceedings for eight of the ten Intertrust patents. Docket No. 146 (“Mot. 1”) at 1. 1 a joint stipulation to narrow and stay the case, which was granted the next day. Docket No. 143 2 (“Order”) at 2–4. Three of the ten patents at issue were dismissed with prejudice, and only seven 3 patents remain at issue in this case. Id. Out of the seven remaining patents, five Patents were 4 granted IPR review (the ‘721, ‘304, ‘158, ‘106 and ‘627 Patents), and two were denied review (the 5 ‘602 and ‘603 Patents). Id. 6 The parties stipulated that the stay would extend until the last of the final written decisions 7 in the PTAB proceedings, anticipated to be released in February 2022. Docket 142 (“Stip.”) at 4; 8 Docket No. 148 (“Opp’n 1”) at 2. The parties also stipulated that each party may seek leave from 9 the Court to file motions for summary judgment or judgment on the pleadings with respect to any 10 issues not addressed in the IPR proceedings. Stip. at 1–2. The parties also reserved the right to 11 oppose any such motions. Id. 12 On October 13, 2021, the PTAB issued final written decisions for two patents, finding the 13 ‘158 and ‘204 Patents unpatentable. Docket No. 147 (“Mot. 2”) at 1. Three IPRs are still pending 14 and final written decisions are anticipated by February 2022. Opp’n 1 at 2. The ‘603 Patent is 15 currently subject to ex parte reexamination by the USPTO granted on April 19, 2021. Mot. 1 at 2 16 n.2. Therefore, only the ‘602 Patent is not subject to any parallel proceedings by the USPTO. 17 II. LEGAL STANDARD 18 A court has the discretion to lift a stay previously imposed. The court’s power to stay 19 proceedings is incidental to its inherent power to control the disposition of its cases in the interests 20 of efficiency and fairness to the court, counsel, and litigants. See Landis v. N. Am. Co., 299 U.S. 21 248, 254 (1936). The decision to grant or lift stays is a case-specific issue, “depending on the 22 circumstances of the particular case.” Wilson v. Frito-Lay N. Am., Inc., No. 12-CV-01586-JST, [23] 2017 WL 550211 , at *3 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 10, 2017). 24 In determining whether to stay proceedings, the district court “must weigh competing 25 interests and maintain an even balance” between the hardships that would be suffered by the 26 parties if a stay were or were not granted, as well as judicial economy. Landis v. N. Am. Co., 299 27 U.S. 248 , 254 (1936) at 254–55. When determining whether a stay should be maintained or 1 discovery is complete and whether a trial date has been set; (2) whether a stay will simplify the 2 issues in question and trial of the case; and (3) whether a stay would unduly prejudice or present a 3 clear tactical disadvantage to the non-moving party.” Telemac Corp. v. Teledigital, Inc., 450 4 F.Supp.2d 1107, 1111 (N.D. Cal. 2006) (citation omitted). A court may also examine the “totality 5 of the circumstances” to determine whether a stay is appropriate. Netlist, Inc. v. Smart Storage 6 Sys, Inc., No. 13-cv-5889-YGR, 2014 WL 4145412 , at *1 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 21, 2014). 7 The same court that grants a stay pending IPR may also later “abandon its imposed stay of 8 litigation if the circumstances that persuaded the court to impose the stay in the first place have 9 changed significantly.” Canady v. Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, 271 F. Supp. 2d 64, 75 (D.D.C. 10 2002); Smart Modular Techs., Inc. v. Netlist, Inc., No. 212CV02319TLNEFB, 2016 WL 5159524 , 11 at *2 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 21, 2016). “When determining whether to either impose a stay or lift an 12 already-imposed stay pending IPR, the court considers the same three factors as the standard for 13 determining whether a Court should impose a stay in the first place.” Pers. Audio LLC v. Google, 14 Inc., 230 F. Supp. 3d 623, 626 (E.D. Tex. 2017); see also Smart Modular Techs, 2016 WL 15 5159524, at *2; Baxter Healthcare Corp. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co., No. 3:17-CV-2186 JLS16 RBB, 2021 WL 22553 , at *2 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 4, 2021); Oyster Optics, LLC v. Ciena Corp., No. 1717 CV-05920-JSW, 2019 WL 4729468 , at *2 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 23, 2019). 18 III. DISCUSSION 19 Dolby requests administrative leave to file (1) a summary judgment motion and (2) a 20 judgment on pleadings on invalidity, under Civil L.R. section 7–11.1 21 In the patent context, granting stays pending parallel proceedings by the USPTO or lifting 22 stays upon their resolution are most common. In this case, Dolby seeks a partial lift of stay for 23 judgment on the pleadings for invalidity matters that are not at issue in the parallel proceedings. 24 Dolby also seeks to file a motion for summary judgment for a patent that is not subject to a 25 parallel proceeding. [26] 1 Intertrust notes that Dolby mislabeled the motions as “administrative” when the motions Dolby [27] seeks to file are not administrative matters. Mot. 2 at 1, n. 2. See L.R. 7–11. Here, Dolby moves 1 Dolby does not provide the legal standard for its motion and merely cites Cal. L.R. 7–11 as 2 its basis for the motion. Dolby provides five arguments in favor of granting its motions, which is 3 reorganized under the legal framework for evaluating a stay for the purpose of this memo. 4 A. Stage of Litigation 5 If discovery has not been completed and a trial date has not been set, the first factor weighs 6 against lifting the stay. Smart Modular Techs, 2016 WL 5159524 , at *2. As to discovery, the 7 concern is not so much how much discovery has already occurred as “whether discovery is 8 nearing completion.” Omnitracs, LLC v. Platform Sci., Inc., No. 20-CV-0958-JLS-MDD, 2021 9 WL 857005 , at *3 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 8, 2021); DNA Genotek Inc. v. Spectrum Sols. L.L.C., No. 1610 CV-1544 JLS (NLS), 2016 WL 9047159 , at *2 (S.D. Cal. Oct. 7, 2016) (quoting Sorensen ex rel. 11 Sorensen Research & Dev. Tr. v. Black & Decker Corp., No. 06cv1572-BTM (CAB), 2007 WL 12 2696590, at *4 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 2007)). On the other hand, this factor weighs against 13 maintaining a stay when sufficient discovery has occurred and the case is awaiting trial. Compare 14 Papst Licensing GmbH & Co., KG v. Apple, Inc., No. 6:15-CV-01095-RWS, 2018 WL 3656491 , 15 at *3 (E.D. Tex. Aug. 1, 2018) (finding the first factor weighed against a stay when the case had 16 completed claim construction, fact and expert discovery, and exchange of pretrial disclosures, and 17 trial was to begin within 3 months), with Dorman Prod., Inc. v. Paccar, Inc., No. CIV.A. 13-6383, [18] 2014 WL 2725964 , at *3 (E.D. Pa. June 16, 2014) (finding the factor weighed in favor of a stay 19 because there was still 3 months of discovery remaining and the case was not specially listed for 20 trial despite its pending placement in the trial pool). 21 Dolby argues that Intertrust already served its infringement contentions, claim construction 22 has been completed, and substantial discovery has already occurred. Id. at 3 . Intertrust argues that 23 the motions are premature because discovery has not been completed and that the parties have yet 24 to conduct any expert discovery or serve any expert reports. Docket No. 149 (“Opp’n 2”) at 3. 25 Here, while there has been some discovery and claim construction, the case has not 26 progressed so far that it is “nearing completion.” Significant discovery remains, including expert 27 discovery, which constitutes a large portion of discovery in a patent case. No trial date has been 1 stage. Since then, the state of the litigation is unchanged after the Court issued its order granting 2 the stay. Therefore, the stage of litigation weighs in favor of maintaining the stay. 3 B. Prejudice 4 In assessing prejudice, courts consider “whether a stay would unduly prejudice or present a 5 clear tactical disadvantage to the nonmoving party.” Medicis Pharm. Corp. v. Upsher-Smith 6 Labs., Inc., 486 F.Supp.2d 990 , 993–94 (D. Ariz. 2007) (citing In re Cygnus, 385 F. Supp. 2d at 7 1023) (emphasis added). As the request here is to lift the stay partially to permit Dolby to file its 8 proposed motions, the Court considers the prejudice to Dolby if the motion is denied as well as 9 any prejudice if the stay were partially lifted. See Smart Modular Techs, 2016 WL 5159524 , at 10 *3. “[B]eing required to defend a suit, without more, does not constitute a ‘clear case of hardship 11 or inequity’ within the meaning of Landis.” Lockyer v. Mirant Corp., 398 F.3d 1098, 1112 (9th 12 Cir. 2005). Thus, Intertrust would suffer no undue hardship were the Court to hear Dolby’s 13 motions. 14 Intertrust argues that granting Dolby’s request would prejudice Intertrust because it is less 15 than four months away from trial in the Eastern District of Texas that involve the same patents at 16 issue. Opp’n 1 at 1. According to Intertrust, it is prejudicial to “allow[] Dolby to file its motions 17 now, at a time when Intertrust’s counsel is busy meeting its expert discovery and pre-trial 18 obligations in Texas. Opp’n 2 at 5. Dolby argues that any claim of prejudice or undue burden 19 stemming from Intertrust’s litigation in the Eastern District of Texas against Dolby’s customers is 20 entitled to no weight because the parties’ stipulation to stay this case did not contemplate 21 Intertrust’s parallel litigation in Texas. Mot. 1 at 4. Dolby is correct; Intertrust’s pending trial in 22 Texas is irrelevant to finding prejudice in this case. 23 However, Dolby does not provide any argument as to how it would be prejudiced by 24 continuing the stay. Intertrust notes that Dolby waited nearly two years in moving for judgment 25 on the pleadings, which indicates that waiting a few months will not prejudice Dolby. Id. 26 Therefore, neither party articulates how maintaining the stay presents a clear disadvantage 27 to either party. “[C]ourts have repeatedly found no undue prejudice unless the patentee makes a 1 Techs., 2016 WL 5159524 , at *3; Wonderland Nursery Goods Co. v. Baby Trend, Inc., No. EDCV 2 14-01153-VAP, 2015 WL 1809309 , at *4 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2015) (“The general prejudice of 3 having to wait for resolution is not a persuasive reason to deny the motion for stay.”). 4 C. Simplification of the Issues and Trial of the Case 5 1. Dolby’s Motion for Administrative Relief to File a Motion for Judgment on the 6 Pleadings of Invalidity under 35 U.S.C. § 101 for the ‘721, ‘304, ‘158, ‘106, ‘627 7 and ‘603 Patents 8 Dolby notes that eligibility under § 101 will not be addressed, as IPRs are limited to 9 challenges based on anticipation or obviousness over prior art. Mot. 2 at 3. Invalidity under § 101 10 also has not been raised in the pending reexamination of the ‘603 Patent. Id. Therefore, Dolby 11 argues there is good cause for granting its motion to resolve the § 101 issues. 12 “One purpose of the reexamination procedure is to eliminate trial of that issue (when the 13 claim is canceled) or facilitate trial of that issue by providing the district court with the expert 14 view of the PTO (when a claim survives the reexamination proceeding).” Gould v. Control Laser 15 Corp., 705 F.2d 1340, 1342 (Fed. Cir. 1983). In this district, “there is a liberal policy in favor of 16 granting motions to stay proceedings pending the outcome of reexamination or reissuance 17 proceedings.” ASCII Corp. v. STD Entm’t USA, C–93–3415 VRW, 844 F.Supp. 1378 , 1381 18 (N.D.Cal.1994). 19 While Dolby is correct that eligibility under § 101 will not be addressed by the PTAB, a 20 finding of invalidity by the PTAB will obviate resolution of § 101 validity, this factor favors 21 maintaining the stay to permit the PTAB proceedings to play out. 22 2. Dolby’s Motion for Administrative Relief to File a Motion for Summary Judgment 23 of Non-Infringement for the ‘602 Patent 24 Dolby argues that the ‘602 Patent is unrelated to the other Patents at issue and therefore 25 would not be affected by their IPR or reexamination results, and that filing the motion would 26 efficiently dispose of all claims regarding the ‘602 Patent. 27 Courts have denied a full stay when only a few of the patents at issue were subject to IPR 1 6038289, at *3 (C.D. Cal. July 11, 2018) (granting a partial stay instead of a full stay because only 2 half the patents were subject to IPR proceedings while the other half were pending PTAB’s 3 decision on whether to institute IPR proceedings). 4 However, the fact that some patents are not subject to IPR proceedings does not require the 5 district court to partially lift the stay in regards to those patents. In Murata, the Federal Circuit 6 affirmed a district court’s decision to deny both a motion to lift stay for patents not subject to IPR 7 proceedings and motion for preliminary injunction for those patents. The district court had stayed 8 the entire infringement litigation involving five patents in light of pending IPR for three of the 9 patents. Murata Mach. USA, Inc. v. Daifuku Co., No. 2:13CV866 DAK, 2015 WL 5178456 , at *1 10 (D. Utah Sept. 4, 2015). The plaintiff moved to lift the stay only as to the two patents not pending 11 IPR review, arguing that good cause exists to lift the stay because they were not subject to any IPR 12 proceedings. Id. The district court declined to partially lift the stay because the three factors that 13 initially favored the stay continued to exist, “especially conservation of judicial and party 14 resources . . . [which] will allow all related patent issues to be heard in the same action, at the 15 same time, without the need for largely duplicative pleadings and discovery.” Id. The case noted 16 that a number of courts have stayed an entire case where PTO proceedings have been instituted 17 only to some of the patents if the stay would eliminate duplicative discovery and avoid having to 18 spend the “time and expense of educating a judge and jury twice on similar technology.” Id. 19 (quoting Sonics, Inc. v. Arteris, Inc., C 11–05311 SBA, 2013 WL 503091 , at *3 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 8, 20 2013)). 21 The Federal Circuit, in affirming the district court decision, reasoned that “[a]ttendant to 22 the district court’s inherent power to stay proceedings is the court’s discretionary prerogative to 23 balance considerations beyond those captured by the three-factor stay test. The burden litigation 24 places on the court and the parties when IPR proceedings loom, is one such consideration that 25 district courts may rightfully choose to weigh.” Murata Mach. USA v. Daifuku Co., 830 F.3d 26 1357, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2016). 27 While the ‘602 Patent claims themselves are unlikely to be simplified by the PTAB’s 1 review or reexamination. For the reasons stated in Murata Mach. USA, the interests of 2 “conservation of judicial resources and party resources” favor maintaining a complete stay. 2015 3 WL 5178456 , at *1. 4 D. Totality of Circumstances 5 Finally, Intertrust argues that Dolby failed to “demonstrate a significant change that 6 justifies lifting the stay.” Mot. at 3–4 (quoting U.S. v. Fallbrook Public Utility District, 2017 WL 7 1281915 (C.D. Cal. April 6, 2017). A court may lift the stay when “circumstances have changed 8 such that the court’s reasons for imposing the stay no longer exist or are inappropriate.” See 9 Canady v. Erbe Elektromedizin GMBH, 271 F. Supp. 2d 64, 75 (D.D.C. 2002); Whitewater West 10 Industries, LTD. v. Pacific Surg Designs, Inc. and Flow Services, 2017 WL 7048413 (S.D. Cal.) 11 (citing Leya v. Certified Grocers of California, Ltd., 593 F.2d 857, 863-64 (9th Cir. 1979)). Here, 12 the circumstances under which the Court granted the stay have not changed significantly. Akeena 13 Solar Inc. v. Zep Solar Inc., No. C 09-05040 JSW, 2011 WL 2669453 , at *2 (N.D. Cal. July 7, 14 2011) (“[The] litigation is still in its early stages, and the pending reexamination request may 15 eliminate the need for trial. Thus lifting the stay would be premature, because the circumstances 16 that led this Court to grant the stay have not changed significantly.”). 17 IV. CONCLUSION 18 For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES both Dolby’s Motion for Administrative 19 Relief to File a Motion for Summary Judgment of Non-Infringement for the ‘602 Patent and 20 Motion for Administrative Relief to File a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings of Invalidity 21 under 35 U.S.C. § 101 for the ‘721, ‘304, ‘158, ‘106, ‘627 and ‘603 Patents. 22 This order disposes of Docket Nos. 146 and 147. [23] 24 IT IS SO ORDERED. [25] 26 Dated: November 16, 2021 27 ______________________________________