Dean v. Marin County

[1] 2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 3 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [4] 5 LADRAKEOUS SONNY DEAN, Case No. 22-cv-05224-JD 6 Plaintiff, ORDER RE SERVICE v. [7] Re: Dkt. No. 2 8 MARIN COUNTY, et al., Defendants. [9] 10 Plaintiff, a detainee of uncertain custodial status, filed a pro se civil rights complaint under [11] 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and a motion for a preliminary injunction. The Court ordered defendants to file 12 an informal response to the motion for a preliminary junction. Defendants filed a response and 13 plaintiff filed a reply. Plaintiff has also been granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis. 14 DISCUSSION 15 STANDARD OF REVIEW 16 Federal courts must engage in a preliminary screening of cases in which prisoners seek 17 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 18 § 1915A(a). In its review, the Court must identify any cognizable claims, and dismiss any claims 19 which are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek 20 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. Id. at 1915A(b)(1),(2). Pro se 21 pleadings must be liberally construed. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th 22 Cir. 1990). 23 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires only “a short and plain statement of the 24 claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Although a complaint “does not need detailed 25 factual allegations, . . . a plaintiff’s obligation to provide the ‘grounds’ of his ‘entitle[ment] to 26 relief’ requires more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a 27 cause of action will not do. . . . Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above 1 omitted). A complaint must proffer “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 2 face.” Id. at 570. The United States Supreme Court has explained the “plausible on its face” 3 standard of Twombly: “While legal conclusions can provide the framework of a complaint, they 4 must be supported by factual allegations. When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court 5 should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement 6 to relief.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). 7 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 , a plaintiff must allege that: (1) a right secured by 8 the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) the alleged deprivation was 9 committed by a person acting under the color of state law. West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 10 LEGAL CLAIMS 11 It is not clear from plaintiff’s filings whether he is a convicted prisoner or pretrial detainee. 12 He alleges that defendants stopped his medication, and he is suffering withdrawal symptoms. 13 Deliberate indifference to serious medical needs violates the Eighth Amendment’s proscription 14 against cruel and unusual punishment. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. 15 Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), overruled on other grounds, WMX Technologies, Inc. 16 v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133, 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc). A determination of “deliberate 17 indifference” involves an examination of two elements: the seriousness of the prisoner’s medical 18 need and the nature of the defendant’s response to that need. Id. at 1059. 19 A prison official is deliberately indifferent if he or she knows that a prisoner faces a 20 substantial risk of serious harm and disregards that risk by failing to take reasonable steps to abate 21 it. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994). The prison official must not only “be aware of 22 facts from which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists,” but 23 also “must also draw the inference.” Id. If a prison official should have been aware of the risk, 24 but did not actually know, the official has not violated the Eighth Amendment, no matter how 25 severe the risk. Gibson v. County of Washoe, 290 F.3d 1175, 1188 (9th Cir. 2002). “A difference 26 of opinion between a prisoner-patient and prison medical authorities regarding treatment does not 27 give rise to a § 1983 claim.” Franklin v. Oregon, 662 F.2d 1337, 1344 (9th Cir. 1981). In 1 medical indifference.... [Prisoner] would have no claim for deliberate medical indifference unless 2 the denial was harmful.” Shapely v. Nevada Bd. Of State Prison Comm’rs, 766 F.2d 404, 407 (9th 3 Cir. 1985). 4 Where the inmate-patient is a pretrial detainee rather than a convicted prisoner, his rights 5 derive from the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause rather than the Eighth 6 Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause. See Gibson v. County of Washoe, 290 7 F.3d 1175, 1187 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 (1979)). That is, 8 deliberate indifference to a pretrial detainee’s serious medical needs violates the Fourteenth 9 Amendment’s Due Process Clause. Although a deliberate indifference test applies to a pretrial 10 detainee’s claim, it is an objective deliberate indifference test, rather than the subjective deliberate 11 indifference test applicable to a prisoner’s claim. See Gordon v. County of Orange, 888 F.3d 12 1118, 1122 & n.4 (9th Cir. 2018). 13 “Within the prison context, a viable claim of First Amendment retaliation entails five basic 14 elements: (1) An assertion that a state actor took some adverse action against an inmate 15 (2) because of (3) that prisoner’s protected conduct, and that such action (4) chilled the inmate’s 16 exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not reasonably advance a legitimate 17 correctional goal.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68 (9th Cir. 2005) (footnote omitted). 18 Accord Pratt v. Rowland, 65 F.3d 802, 806 (9th Cir. 1995) (prisoner suing prison officials under 19 § 1983 for retaliation must allege that he was retaliated against for exercising his constitutional 20 rights and that the retaliatory action did not advance legitimate penological goals, such as 21 preserving institutional order and discipline). 22 Plaintiff states that staff at Marin County Jail searched his cell and found medication. 23 Defendant Luisa believed the medication was plaintiff’s prescribed Suboxone and Subutex that is 24 only to be taken in the presence of medical staff and not taken to his cell. Defendants Singh and 25 Joey then discontinued the medication. Plaintiff states that there is no evidence that the 26 medication found in his cell was Suboxone or Subutex. Plaintiff was not tapered down off the 27 medication and is suffering severe withdrawal symptoms such as body aches, vomiting, frequent 1 aid were denied by Joey, Singh and Luisa. He also alleges that he was the victim of retaliation. 2 After engaging in a hunger strike, he was improperly kept in administrative segregation by 3 defendant Husk. Plaintiff seeks money damages and injunctive relief. Liberally construed these 4 allegations are sufficient to proceed.1 5 Plaintiff also filed a motion for a preliminary injunction to reinstate the Suboxone and 6 Subutex. A preliminary injunction is an “extraordinary remedy” that a court should award only 7 when a party makes a “clear showing” that he is entitled to such relief. See Winter v. Natural Res. 8 Defense Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 22, 24 (2008). To obtain a preliminary injunction, a plaintiff 9 must demonstrate (1) a likelihood of success on the merits, (2) a likelihood of irreparable harm 10 that will result if an injunction is not issued, (3) the balance of equities tips in favor of the plaintiff, 11 and (4) an injunction is in the public interest. See id. at 20 . The irreparable injury must be both 12 likely and immediate. See id. at 22 ; Caribbean Marine Services Co., Inc. v. Baldrige, 844 F.2d 13 668, 674 (9th Cir. 1988) (“A plaintiff must do more than merely allege imminent harm sufficient 14 to establish standing; a plaintiff must demonstrate immediate threatened injury as a prerequisite to 15 preliminary injunctive relief.”) 16 Defendants filed an informal reply to the motion for a preliminary injunction. Defendants 17 state that plaintiff was receiving regular doses of Suboxine until staff discovered that he was 18 hoarding the medication in paper bindles possibly for distribution to other inmates. Defendants 19 note that inmates often put the medication in their mouth, let it dissolve and then spit it onto paper 20 to dry and to preserve the medication for later use. Suboxine is orange and easily recognizable by 21 medical staff. Plaintiff was the only person in his cell prescribed Suboxone. Defendants state that 22 the discontinuation of plaintiff’s medication was not punitive but based on medical need. 23 Defendants did not address plaintiff’s complaints of withdrawal symptoms or the treatment 24 provided. Defendants also noted that plaintiff has not fully used the grievance process in the jail 25 to resolve the dispute regarding continuing his medical care. [27] 1 While plaintiff appears to concede that he has not fully exhausted these claims, he contends that 1 Reviewing the filings by the parties, plaintiff has failed to meet his burden in showing that 2 he is entitled to relief. At this stage, he has not shown a likelihood of success on the merits. The 3 motion is denied without prejudice. 4 CONCLUSION 5 1. The motion for a preliminary injunction (Dkt. No. 2) is DENIED without 6 prejudice. 7 2. The case will go forward against Marin County Jail, Marin County Jail Health 8 Manager, Nurses Joey, Singh and Luisa and Deputy Husk. The Clerk will issue a summons and 9 the United States Marshal will serve, without prepayment of fees, copies of the complaint (Dkt. 10 No. 1) with attachments and copies of this order on Marin County Jail, Marin County Jail Health 11 Manager, Nurse Joey, Nurse Singh, Nurse Luisa and Deputy Husk at Marin County Jail. 12 3. In order to expedite the resolution of this case, the Court orders as follows: 13 a. No later than fifty-six from the date of service, defendants will file a motion 14 for summary judgment or other dispositive motion. The motion will be supported by adequate 15 factual documentation and shall conform in all respects to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56, and 16 will include as exhibits all records and incident reports stemming from the events at issue. If 17 defendant is of the opinion that this case cannot be resolved by summary judgment, he will so 18 inform the Court prior to the date his summary judgment motion is due. All papers filed with the 19 Court will be promptly served on the plaintiff. 20 b. At the time the dispositive motion is served, defendants will also serve, on a 21 separate paper, the appropriate notice or notices required by Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952 , 95322 954 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc), and Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108 , 1120 n. 4 (9th Cir. 2003). 23 See Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934, 940-941 (9th Cir. 2012) (Rand and Wyatt notices must be 24 given at the time motion for summary judgment or motion to dismiss for nonexhaustion is filed, 25 not earlier); Rand at 960 (separate paper requirement). 26 c. Plaintiff’s opposition to the dispositive motion, if any, will be filed with the 27 Court and served upon defendants no later than twenty-eight days from the date the motion was 1 is provided to him pursuant to Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 953-954 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc), 2 and Klingele v. Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409, 411-12 (9th Cir. 1988). 3 If defendants file a motion for summary judgment claiming that plaintiff failed to exhaust 4 || his available administrative remedies as required by 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a), plaintiff should take 5 || note of the attached page headed “NOTICE -- WARNING (EXHAUSTION),” which is provided 6 to him as required by Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108 , 1120 n. 4 (9th Cir. 2003). 7 d. If defendants wish to file a reply brief, they shall do so no later than 8 fourteen days after the opposition is served upon him. 9 e. The motion shall be deemed submitted as of the date the reply brief is due. 10 || No hearing will be held on the motion unless the Court so orders at a later date. 11 3. All communications by plaintiff with the Court must be served on defendants, or 12 || defendants’ counsel once counsel has been designated, by mailing a true copy of the document to 13 defendants or defendants’ counsel. 14 4. Discovery may be taken in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 3 15 No further Court order under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(a)(2) is required before the a 16 || parties may conduct discovery. 3 17 5. It is plaintiffs responsibility to prosecute this case. Plaintiff must keep the Court S 18 || wformed of any change of address by filing a separate paper with the clerk headed “Notice of 19 || Change of Address.” He also must comply with the Court’s orders in a timely fashion. Failure to 20 || do so may result in the dismissal of this action for failure to prosecute pursuant to Federal Rule of 21 Civil Procedure 41(b). 22 IT IS SO ORDERED. 23 Dated: October 14, 2022 [25] JAMES ATO 26 United Yfates District Judge [28] 1 NOTICE -- WARNING (SUMMARY JUDGMENT) 2 If defendants move for summary judgment, they are seeking to have your case dismissed. 3 A motion for summary judgment under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure will, if 4 granted, end your case. 5 Rule 56 tells you what you must do in order to oppose a motion for summary judgment. 6 Generally, summary judgment must be granted when there is no genuine issue of material fact-- 7 that is, if there is no real dispute about any fact that would affect the result of your case, the party 8 who asked for summary judgment is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, which will end your 9 case. When a party you are suing makes a motion for summary judgment that is properly 10 supported by declarations (or other sworn testimony), you cannot simply rely on what your 11 complaint says. Instead, you must set out specific facts in declarations, depositions, answers to 12 interrogatories, or authenticated documents, as provided in Rule 56(e), that contradict the facts 13 shown in the defendant’s declarations and documents and show that there is a genuine issue of 14 material fact for trial. If you do not submit your own evidence in opposition, summary judgment, 15 if appropriate, may be entered against you. If summary judgment is granted, your case will be 16 dismissed and there will be no trial. 17 NOTICE -- WARNING (EXHAUSTION) 18 If defendants file a motion for summary judgment for failure to exhaust, they are seeking 19 to have your case dismissed. If the motion is granted it will end your case. 20 You have the right to present any evidence you may have which tends to show that you did 21 exhaust your administrative remedies. Such evidence may be in the form of declarations 22 (statements signed under penalty of perjury) or authenticated documents, that is, documents 23 accompanied by a declaration showing where they came from and why they are authentic, or other 24 sworn papers, such as answers to interrogatories or depositions. 25 If defendants file a motion for summary judgment for failure to exhaust and it is granted, 26 your case will be dismissed and there will be no trial.