Olmsted Medical Center v. Continental Casualty Company

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA OLMSTED MEDICAL CENTER, Plaintiff, v. MEMORANDUM OF LAW & ORDER Civil File No. 21-1309 (MJD/BRT) CONTINENTAL CASUALTY CO., Defendant. Christopher H. Yetka and Sarah DeWitt Greening, Larkin Hoffman Daly & Lindgren, Ltd., Counsel for Plaintiff. Julia J. Nierengarten, Louise A. Behrendt, and Robert William Vaccaro, Meagher & Geer, PLLP, Counsel for Defendant. I. INTRODUCTION This matter is before the Court on Defendant Continental Casualty Company’s Motion to Dismiss. [Docket No. 17] The Court heard oral argument on December 8, 2021. II. BACKGROUND A. Factual Background 1. The Parties Plaintiff Olmsted Medical Center (“Olmsted”) is a nonprofit medical organization with its principal place of business in Olmsted County, Minnesota, that provides preventive, primary, and specialty care in southeastern Minnesota. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 2, 34.) Approximately 60% of the surgeries and procedures performed at Olmsted’s locations are non-essential or elective surgeries. (Id. ¶ 34.) Defendant Continental Casualty Company (“Continental”) is an Illinois corporation licensed to sell insurance policies in Minnesota. (Am. Compl. ¶ 3.) 2. The Policy Continental issued insurance policy, No. XXXXXX5797 to Olmsted for the policy period January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2021 (the “Policy”). (Am. Compl. ¶ 8; Am. Compl., Ex. A, Policy.) The Policy provides coverage for up to $171,297,565 in “Business Interruption,” $500,000 in “Contingent Business Interruption,” and $1,000,000 in “Denial of Access by Civil Authority / Ingress – Egress.” (Policy at 14-16.) The Business Interruption Provision states: This policy covers against loss resulting from necessary interruption of business caused by direct physical loss of or damage to covered property, except Finished Stock, by the peril(s) insured against and occurring during the term of this policy at covered Locations occupied by the Insured, subject to the sublimit specified in Section I.4 of this policy. In the event of such physical loss or damage the Company shall be liable for the actual loss sustained by the Insured resulting directly from such interruption of business . . . for only such length of time as would be required with the exercise of due diligence and dispatch to rebuild, repair or replace such part of the property herein described as has been damaged or destroyed, commencing with the date of such damage or destruction and not limited by the date of expiration of this policy, but in no event to exceed the number of months specified in Section I.5 TIME LIMITS if a Business Interruption Period of Indemnity limit is specified. (Policy at 21.) The Contingent Business Interruptions Revision Endorsement states that Continental will cover: [L]oss to the Insured resulting from necessary interruption of business conducted by the Insured at Locations occupied by the Insured and covered in this policy, caused by perils insured against that result in direct physical loss or damage to any real or personal property, of the type insured hereunder, owned and operated by: (a) direct suppliers or service providers of the Insured, which wholly or partially prevents the delivery of materials, products or services . . . to the Insured or to others for the account of the Insured; or (b) direct customers of the insured, to whom the Insured’s products or services . . . are provided, which wholly or partially prevents the acceptance of said products or services by the Insured’s customers; or (c) any other third-parties that the Insured depends upon to attract customers. Coverage under this subsection is limited to dependent property within 5 miles of the Insured’s Location . . . . (Policy at 52.) The Denial of Access by Civil Authority and Ingress – Egress provision states that Continental will cover: for up to the time limit specified in Section I.5. but not exceeding the sublimit shown in Section I.4. of this policy, the actual loss sustained: (a) during the period of time while access to the Insured’s Location is prohibited by order of civil authority, but only when such order is given as a direct result of physical loss or damage to property of the type insured from a peril insured against occurring at or in the immediate vicinity of said Location; or (b) during the period of time when as a direct result of physical loss or damage to property of the type insured from a peril insured against, ingress to or egress from the Insured’s Location is thereby physically prevented. (Policy at 24.) The time limit for Civil Authority and Ingress-Egress coverage is 30 days. (Id. at 17.) The Policy contains a provision titled “Suit Against the Insurers,” which states: No suit or action on this policy for the recovery of any claim shall be sustainable in any court of law or equity unless the Insured shall have fully complied with all of the requirements of this policy, nor unless commenced within the twelve (12) months immediately following inception of the loss, unless a longer period of time is prescribed by the insurance laws of the state or jurisdiction in which this contract is issued. (Policy at 41.) 3. The Pandemic In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 19, 2020, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz issued Executive Order 20-09, which, as of March 23, 2020, required indefinite postponement of all non-essential or elective surgeries and procedures that utilized PPE or ventilators. (Am. Compl ¶ 29; Nierengarten Decl., Ex. 1, Executive Order 20-09 ¶ 1.) The Executive Order provided the following basis for postponement of non-essential or elective surgeries and procedures that utilized PPE or ventilators: COVID-19 cases in Minnesota are rapidly increasing and risk overwhelming the healthcare system. On March 17, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended delaying elective inpatient and outpatient surgeries and procedures, which include dental procedures. On March 18, 2020, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) issued similar guidance. CMS recognizes that conservation of critical resources such as ventilators and personal protective equipment (“PPE”) is essential to aggressively address the COVID-19 pandemic. CMS has also recognized that non-emergent or elective procedures increase patient and provider contact, which could increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission. This risk provides further reason to delay elective surgeries and procedures. To ensure the health and safety of Minnesotans, it is important to establish consistency throughout our healthcare system and ensure that our resources can be focused on responding to this pandemic. Executive Order 20-09 was in effect until a new executive order was issued on May 5, 2020, that lifted the moratorium on elective procedures effective May 10, 2020. (Nierengarten Decl., Ex. 2, Executive Order 20-51.) Olmsted alleges that from the spring of 2020 to approximately June 2021, patients were not allowed to be treated at Olmsted for non-essential or elective surgeries “due to the pervasive existence of SARS-CoV-2 at Olmsted Medical, at its suppliers, service providers, customers and third-parties, and in the immediate vicinity of Olmsted Medical, due to the Governor’s Order, and quarantine and isolation protocols.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 35.) Thus, Olmsted alleges it canceled or postponed approximately 50% of its surgeries and procedures in that timeframe due to “the existence of COVID-19 and the attendant SARS-CoV2 virus, Executive Order 20-09, and the required quarantine and isolation protocols.” (Id. ¶ 45.) Olmsted further asserts that its suppliers and service providers within five miles of the insured property “were also directly impacted by COVID-19 during this time.” (Id. ¶¶ 46-47.) On May 25, 2020, Olmsted confirmed its first COVID-19 case within its facility. (Am. Compl., Ex. D at 152.) From the spring of 2020 through June 2021, at least 4,800 community members and 129 Olmsted employees tested positive for COVID-19 and at least 954 Olmsted employees were quarantined due to exposure to COVID-19 or because they experienced COVID-19 related symptoms. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 36-37; Am. Compl., Ex. C at 71.) Olmsted asserts that, because of the prevalence of positive COVID-19 tests, it would not have been able to continuously clean and disinfect its facility to safely allow elective and non-essential procedures to occur. (Am. Compl. ¶ 35.) It claims to have suffered at least $19,336,351.00 in losses. (Id. ¶ 48.) 4. Olmsted’s Claim Olmsted “discovered and reported the loss during the Policy period and submitted” a Property Loss Notice to Continental on May 12, 2020. (Am. Compl. ¶ 49 .) Specifically, Olmsted submitted a claim for loss of income incurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. (Id. ¶ 50; Am. Compl., Ex. G (“The insured has been and will be affected by the COVID19 event (loss of income, extra expense, etc.)”.) Olmsted advised Continental that it had an interruption of business caused by client cancellations of appointments due to the fear of COVID-19 and the Executive Order issued by Governor Walz. (Am. Compl., Ex. B, May 14, 2020 Denial.) On May 14, 2020, Continental denied coverage for business interruption and civil authority claims because the Policy “does not respond to provide coverage for your claim.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 52; Am. Compl., Ex. B, May 14, 2020 Denial.) B. Procedural History On May 12, 2021, Olmsted served a Minnesota state court Summons and Complaint on Continental. ([Docket No. 1] Notice of Removal ¶ 1.) On June 1, 2021, Continental removed the matter to this Court based on diversity jurisdiction. On July 19, 2021, Olmsted filed an Amended Complaint against Continental alleging: Count 1: Breach of Contract; and Count 2: Declaratory Judgment. [Docket No. 15] Olmsted seeks reimbursement for an estimated loss of $19,336,351; a declaration that the Policy provides coverage for Olmsted’s losses and that Continental must reimburse Olmsted for all losses up to the Policy limits; a declaration that Continental breached its contractual obligations to pay Olmsted in full for all losses; and a declaration that Continental is obligated to pay all proper relief. Continental has now moved for dismissal of the Amended Complaint on the bases that Olmsted failed to bring this action within the limitations period and that the losses do not fall within the Policy’s coverage. Continental also asserts that several exclusions bar coverage but does not address the exclusions in this motion to dismiss. III. DISCUSSION A. Motion to Dismiss Standard Under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a party may move the Court to dismiss a claim if, on the pleadings, a party has failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. In reviewing a motion to dismiss, the Court takes all facts alleged in the complaint to be true. Zutz v. Nelson, 601 F.3d 842, 848 (8th Cir. 2010). To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face. Thus, although a complaint need not include detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff’s obligation to provide the grounds of his entitlement to relief requires more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do. Id. (citations omitted). In deciding a motion to dismiss, the Court considers the complaint and “materials that are part of the public record or do not contradict the complaint, as well as materials that are necessarily embraced by the pleadings. For example, courts may consider matters of public record, orders, items appearing in the record of the case, and exhibits attached to the complaint.” Greenman v. Jessen, 787 F.3d 882, 887 (8th Cir. 2015) (citations omitted). “The extent of an insurer’s liability is governed by the language of the insurance policy.” Eng’g & Const. Innovations, Inc. v. L.H. Bolduc Co., 825 N.W.2d 695, 704 (Minn. 2013) (citation omitted). “Interpretation of an insurance policy, and whether a policy provides coverage in a particular situation, are questions of law. . . .” Id. If the language of an insurance contract is unambiguous, it must be given its plain and ordinary meaning. But if the language is ambiguous, it will be construed against the insurer, as drafter of the contract. Coverage provisions are construed according to the expectations of the insured. Travelers Indem. Co. v. Bloomington Steel & Supply Co., 718 N.W.2d 888, 894 (Minn. 2006) (citations omitted). The court may not adopt a “construction of an insurance policy which entirely neutralizes one provision if the contract is susceptible of another construction which gives effect to all its provisions and is consistent with the general intent.” L.H. Bolduc, 825 N.W.2d at 705 (cleaned up and citation omitted). “The initial burden of demonstrating coverage rests with the insured; the burden of establishing the applicability of exclusions rests with the insurer.” Domtar, Inc. v. Niagara Fire Ins. Co., 563 N.W.2d 724, 736 (Minn. 1997). B. Limitations Period The Policy requires Olmsted to bring any action under the Policy within 12 months following the “inception of the loss.” Olmsted alleges that its losses began with the issuance of the Minnesota Executive Order that postponed non- essential or elective surgeries effective March 23, 2020. However, Olmsted did not file this lawsuit until May 12, 2021, more than 13 months later. The Court holds that to the extent that Olmsted’s claim is based on loss caused by the Governor’s Executive Order, the lawsuit is time barred. 1. Whether the Policy Shortens the Applicable Limitations Period Minnesota permits parties to contractually shorten a statutory limitations period, “absent a specific statute to the contrary,” “provided the limitation is not unreasonably short.” Henning Nelson Constr. Co. v. Fireman’s Fund Am. Life Ins. Co., 383 N.W.2d 645, 650 (Minn. 1986) (citations omitted). “Such provisions, however, are not generally favored and are strictly construed against the party invoking them.” Id. at 651 . The proper analysis for a court in examining whether the parties to a contract can validly shorten the statutorily prescribed limitation period is twofold. The court must first look to see if a specific statute prohibits the use of a different limitation period in the particular case. If no such statute exists, the parties are then free to shorten the limitations period as long as the contractual period is not unreasonable in length. Whether a contractual limitation is reasonable or not is to be decided on a case-by-case basis, looking at the particular facts of each case. Id. (citations omitted). Here, the Policy states: No suit or action on this policy for the recovery of any claim shall be sustainable in any court of law or equity unless the Insured shall have fully complied with all of the requirements of this policy, nor unless commenced within the twelve (12) months immediately following inception of the loss, unless a longer period of time is prescribed by the insurance laws of the state or jurisdiction in which this contract is issued. (Policy at 41.) No specific statute prohibits the use of a different limitation period in this particular case. Olmsted notes that Minnesota law provides a general 6-year statute of limitations for claims based on contracts, including insurance policies, see Minn. Stat. § 541.05 , subd. 1, and a 2-year limitations period for fire insurance policies, see Minn. Stat. § 65A.01, subd. 3. Olmsted’s citation to Minnesota Statute § 65A.01’s two-year statute of limitations is unavailing because Olmsted’s claims involve no fire loss. See Minn. Stat. § 65A.01, subd. 3; Noonan v. Am. Fam. Mut. Ins. Co., 924 F.3d 1026, 1030 (8th Cir. 2019). And Minnesota Statute § 541.05 provides a general six-year limitation period for contracts but applies only “upon a contract or other obligation, express or implied, as to which no other limitation is expressly prescribed.” Minn. Stat. § 541.05 , subd. 1(1). “[A]bsent a specific statute to the contrary, parties to an insurance policy can reasonably modify the limitations period;” and section 541.05, subd. 1(1)’s six-year statute of limitations does not prevent parties from contracting for a shorter limitations period. Henning, 383 N.W.2d at 650 n.5. In this case, the contract expressly prescribes a 12-month limitation period measured from inception of loss, and no Minnesota statute requires a different period. 2. Whether the One-Year Time Limitation Is Reasonable a) Standard for Reasonableness of Limitations Period The decision whether the limitations period in an insurance policy is unreasonable is made “on a case-by-case basis, looking at the particular facts of each case.” Henning Nelson Constr. Co., 383 N.W.2d at 651 . Among the factors to be used in determining reasonableness is the amount of time remaining under the limitations clause after the insurer denies a claim. The Court also considers whether additional information was needed for the insured’s cause of action to mature, and whether the parties held equal bargaining power in negotiating the contract. Michael Foods, Inc. v. Allianz Ins. Co., No. 02-CV-3504 (JMR/FLN), 2003 WL 1956294 , at *2 (D. Minn. Apr. 21, 2003) (citations omitted). b) Application to the Facts Alleged by Olmsted Under the facts as alleged by Olmsted, a one-year limitations period is reasonable. Olmsted was immediately aware of its loss when the Governor issued the Executive Order barring non-essential procedures and was immediately aware of the cause of its loss – the Executive Order and the COVID19 pandemic. Olmsted promptly made a claim on the Policy to Continental on May 12, 2020, less than two months after the Executive Order went into effect. Continental immediately denied the claim two days later, on May 14, 2020, leaving Olmsted ten months to file suit after knowing of its loss, knowing the cause of its loss, and knowing that Continental denied coverage for its loss. Moreover, Olmsted is a sophisticated business entity with strong bargaining power, not an individual homeowner or small business owner who agreed to a form insurance contract with no bargaining power. See Michael Foods, Inc., 2003 WL 1956294 , at *3 (finding one-year limitation period reasonable when “plaintiff is a highly sophisticated company that worked with an insurance broker” and when insurer denied coverage when there was six months left for plaintiff to initiate litigation). This is unlike cases cited by Olmsted in which insurers refused to deny coverage within the limitations period and the cause of the loss could not be determined within the contractual limitations period. Nor was this a latent loss, where the severity of the damage could not be discovered for years. The loss was ongoing, but Olmsted was immediately aware of the severity, if not the duration, of the damage when the Executive Order barred all non-essential procedures. 3. Losses Occurring Within the One-Year Period The Court holds that, to the extent that Olmsted’s claim is based on loss caused by the Governor’s Executive Order, the lawsuit is time barred. The Executive Order barring non-essential surgeries was issued on March 19, 2020, went into effect on March 23, 2020, and was vacated on May 5, 2020, effective May 10. Thus, the loss began and concluded before May 12, 2020, the one-year date before this lawsuit was commenced. The Court holds that, to the extent Olmsted’s claim is based on the theory that its loss was caused by the presence of COVID-19, contamination, and quarantining, the question of whether the suit was brought within one year of the inception of the loss is a question that cannot be decided on a motion to dismiss because the record is not developed regarding when Olmsted did know or should have known that it suffered an appreciable loss. C. Business Interruption Coverage Business interruption coverage does not apply because Olmsted does not allege “direct physical loss of or damage to” its property. “‘[D]irect physical loss of’ property . . . refers to direct physical loss of property, not the inability to use property.” Santo’s Italian Cafe LLC v. Acuity Ins. Co., 15 F.4th 398 , 405 (6th Cir. 2021). 1. Whether a “Direct Physical Loss of Property” Is Required The Policy covers loss resulting from business interruption caused by “physical loss of or damage to covered property.” (Policy at 21.) The Eighth Circuit has held that, under Minnesota law, a policy covering “direct physical loss of or damage to property” did not cover a “mere loss of use or function.” Pentair, Inc. v. Am. Guarantee & Liab. Ins. Co., 400 F.3d 613, 614, 616 (8th Cir. 2005). As the Pentair court noted, every Minnesota state court decision that found direct physical loss involving functional impairment of the insured property also involved insured property that was physically contaminated. This year, the Eighth Circuit addressed a COVID-19 claim similar to the claim asserted in this case with similar policy language (“accidental physical loss or accidental physical damage”) and explicitly rejected the disjunctive argument. Oral Surgeons, P.C. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 2 F.4th 1141 , 1143-44 (8th Cir. 2021). Although Oral Surgeons was decided under Iowa law, the Eighth Circuit held that Iowa and Minnesota law were not “materially distinguishable.” Id. at 1145 . And for a loss to be covered, reaffirming Pentair, “there must be some physicality to the loss or damage of property—e.g., a physical alteration, physical contamination, or physical destruction.” Id. at 1144 . The adjective “physical” modifies both “loss of” and “damage to,” demonstrating that there must be a physical loss or damage for a loss to be covered. “Moreover, ‘direct physical loss of’ and ‘direct physical damage to’ can support different meanings— ‘loss of’ referring to complete destruction of the insured premises, while ‘damage to’ refers to any other injury requiring repair.” Robert E. Levy, D.M.D., LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp. Inc., 520 F. Supp. 3d 1158 , 1173 (E.D. Mo. 2021) (gathering cases). The Policy states that business interruption losses will be covered: for only such length of time as would be required with the exercise of due diligence and dispatch to rebuild, repair or replace such part of the property herein described as has been damaged or destroyed, commencing with the date of such damage or destruction and not limited by the date of expiration of this policy, but in no event to exceed the number of months specified in Section I.5 TIME LIMITS if a Business Interruption Period of Indemnity limit is specified. (Policy at 21.) Section 1.5 TIME LIMITS provides a limit of 24 months. (Id. at 17.) The time limit on business loss coverage – the remediation period – further supports the conclusion that a physical loss is required. As the Eighth Circuit noted in Oral Surgeons, P.C., “[t]hat the policy provides coverage until property ‘should be repaired, rebuilt or replaced’ or until business resumes elsewhere assumes physical alteration of the property, not mere loss of use.” 2 F.4th at 1144. The existence of an outer limit on this remediation period capping the period of coverage at 24 months (“the number of months specified in Section I.5”) does not alter the analysis. The “catchall” is simply an outer limit on the time period that applies because the time to “rebuild, repair or replace” the damaged property could conceivably take more than 2 years, and Continental has capped the time period during which it will pay business interruption losses in order to limit its liability. 2. Whether Olmsted Suffered a Physical Loss Olmsted has failed to allege that it suffered a physical loss or damage. As this Court has held, “the loss of use of property because of government closure orders because of COVID-19 does not constitute a direct physical loss of property to trigger coverage.” Bachman’s Inc. v. Florists’ Mut. Ins. Co., 525 F. Supp. 3d 984 , 989 (D. Minn. 2021). “Under Minnesota law, ‘direct physical loss’ of property requires a showing that the insured property is injured in some way.” Id. at 987 . And even if a plaintiff alleges that the COVID-19 virus was present on the premises, “there can be no dispute that the virus can be easily eliminated with routine cleaning procedures.” Id. at 988–89. [E]ven when present, COVID-19 does not threaten the inanimate structures covered by property insurance policies, and its presence on surfaces can be eliminated with disinfectant. Thus, even actual presence of the virus would not be sufficient to trigger coverage for physical damage or physical loss to the property. Because routine cleaning, perhaps performed with greater frequency and care, eliminates the virus on surfaces, there would be nothing for an insurer to cover, and a covered “loss” is required to invoke the additional coverage for loss of business income under the Policy. Uncork & Create LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 498 F. Supp. 3d 878 , 883–84, (S.D. W. Va. Nov. 2, 2020), quoted with approval in Bachman’s Inc., 525 F. Supp. 3d at 989. As numerous courts have recognized, COVID-19 hurts people, not property, as the pandemic impacts human health and human behavior, not physical structures. Thus, all that is needed to decontaminate is to wipe the virus off the surface with disinfectant, attesting to the fact that there is no underlying damage. The Court concludes that COVID-19 does not cause direct physical damage to property as the term is used in the insurance policies. Nguyen v. Travelers Cas. Ins. Co. of Am., No. 2:20-CV-00597-BJR, 2021 WL 2184878 , at *10 (W.D. Wash. May 28, 2021) (cleaned up and citations omitted) (gathering cases). Therefore, Olmsted’s claim of physical loss or damage based on persons testing positive for COVID-19 or the presence of the virus in its buildings fails. See, e.g., Gilreath Fam. & Cosm. Dentistry, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 21-11046, 2021 WL 3870697 , at *2 (11th Cir. Aug. 31, 2021) (“[The insured dental office] finds it problematic that its office is an enclosed space where viral particles tend to linger, and where patients and staff must interact with each other in close quarters. Even so, we do not see how the presence of those particles would cause physical damage or loss to the property.”) (applying Georgia law). See also, e.g., Zwillo V, Corp. v. Lexington Ins. Co., 504 F. Supp. 3d 1034 , 1040-41 (W.D. Mo. 2020). The Court further notes that, even if a physical loss were not required, Olmsted fails to allege a “severing of an owner’s possession of property” because its property was never closed, and Olmsted admittedly continued to physically occupy its facilities and to provide essential medical care. Cf. Seifert v. IMT Ins. Co., No. CV 20-1102 (JRT/DTS), 2021 WL 2228158 , at *3–4 (D. Minn. June 2, 2021) (addressing hair salon owner whose business was entirely closed by the Governor’s Order). The Executive Order merely regulated what type of procedures Olmsted was permitted to perform; it did not prevent Olmsted from entering and occupying its property, and it did not prevent Olmsted from performing “essential” medical procedures at its property. See Santo’s Italian Cafe LLC v. Acuity Ins. Co., 15 F.4th 398 , 404–05 (6th Cir. 2021) (“Some courts, it is true, have held that a loss of the ability to use property sometimes may constitute a ‘physical loss.’ But each case involved property that became practically useless for anything.”) (citing, e.g., Seifert, 2021 WL 2228158 , at *5). Like medical facilities plaintiffs in other similar cases, Olmsted “has not plausibly alleged that the presence of COVID-19 made its properties unusable. [Olmsted]’s hospitals continued to operate with ‘extra precautions;’ their functions were not destroyed, nor were they declared unsafe to enter.” Northwell Health, Inc. v. Lexington Ins. Co., No. 21-CV-1104 (JSR), 2021 WL 3139991 , at *6 (S.D.N.Y. July 26, 2021). D. Contingent Business Interruption Coverage Olmsted fails to plead facts to support application of contingent business interruption coverage, because there is no allegation that any direct suppliers, customers, or other third parties that Olmsted depended upon to attract customers suffered a “direct physical loss or damage to any real or personal property.” Olmsted asserts that Continental owes it coverage under the Contingent Business Interruptions Revision Endorsement of the Policy, which provides: [L]oss to the Insured resulting from necessary interruption of business conducted by the Insured at Locations occupied by the Insured and covered in this policy, caused by perils insured against that result in direct physical loss or damage to any real or personal property, of the type insured hereunder, owned and operated by: (a) direct suppliers or service providers of the Insured, which wholly or partially prevents the delivery of materials, products or services . . . to the Insured or to others for the account of the Insured; or (b) direct customers of the insured, to whom the Insured’s products or services . . . are provided, which wholly or partially prevents the acceptance of said products or services by the Insured’s customers; or (c) any other third-parties that the Insured depends upon to attract customers. Coverage under this subsection is limited to dependent property within 5 miles of the Insured’s Location . . . . (Policy at 52.) Contingent Business Interruption coverage does not apply because there are no allegations that Olmsted’s losses were caused by the direct physical loss or damage to the property of its direct suppliers or providers, or to the property of its direct customers, or to others on which Olmsted depended to attract customers. The Amended Complaint fails to describe or identify any direct supplier or service provider that incurred direct physical loss or damage to property that prevent the delivery of supplies to Olmsted. Nor does it describe or identify any customers who incurred direct physical loss or damage to property that prevented the customer from receiving Olmsted’s services. And it does not describe or identify physical loss or damage to property operated by others that Olmsted depends on to attract customers. Olmsted generally notes that some persons in the community tested positive for COVID-19 and alleges that these positive cases, along with the Governor’s Order and quarantine and isolation protocols, led to canceled procedures, but it does not identify a physical loss or identify any particular suppliers or customers who were affected by the pandemic. Olmsted speculates that if a customer or supplier caught COVID-19 then it likely spread to their property and then created a loss, but this theory is purely speculative and lacks any foundation in the Amended Complaint. E. Civil Authority Coverage Olmsted’s claim for civil authority coverage is time-barred and, additionally, Olmsted fails to plead facts to support a such a claim. The Policy provides Civil Authority coverage for: the actual loss sustained: (a) during the period of time while access to the Insured’s Location is prohibited by order of civil authority, but only when such order is given as a direct result of physical loss or damage to property of the type insured from a peril insured against occurring at or in the immediate vicinity of said Location. (Policy at 24.) Here, there is no allegation that there was a physical loss or damage to property at or in the immediate vicinity of Olmsted’s property. See, e.g., Sandy Point Dental, PC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 488 F. Supp. 3d 690 , 694 (N.D. Ill. 2020) (“Just as the coronavirus did not cause direct physical loss to plaintiff’s property, the complaint has not (and likely could not) allege that the coronavirus caused direct physical loss to other property”), cited with approval in Bachman’s Inc., 525 F. Supp. 3d at 989. Additionally, the Governor’s Executive Order never “prohibited” access to Olmsted’s premises. Olmsted’s employees and patients always had access for essential medical procedures and the premises remained open. See, e.g., Sandy Point Dental, PC, 488 F. Supp. 3d at 694 (“[W]hile coronavirus orders have limited plaintiff’s operations, no order issued in Illinois prohibits access to plaintiff’s premises. Indeed, plaintiff concedes that dental offices were deemed essential businesses for emergency and non-elective work. Consequently, plaintiff has failed to allege that access to its premises was prohibited by government order, and its claim for civil authority coverage fails.”) (citation omitted). F. Ingress-Egress Coverage Olmsted fails to plead facts to invoke Ingress-Egress coverage, and, to the extent the claim is based on the Executive Order, it is time barred. The Policy provides coverage for: [A]ctual loss sustained: . . . (b) during the period of time when as a direct result of physical loss or damage to property of the type insured from a peril insured against, ingress to or egress from the Insured’s Location is thereby physically prevented. (Policy at 24.) As analyzed with respect to Business Interruption coverage, Olmsted has failed to plead a physical loss or physical damage to its property. Second, it did not plead that ingress to or egress from its property was “physically prevented.” Employees and patients could still enter and leave Olmsted’s property during the pendency of the first Executive Order to perform or undergo essential medical procedures. The Executive Order only limited the types of medical procedures that could be performed on Olmsted’s property, it did not affect access to the property. After the expiration of the Executive Order, employees and patients continued to access the property for procedures, even if at a lower frequency. Accordingly, based upon the files, records, and proceedings herein, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: Defendant Continental Casualty Company’s Motion to Dismiss [Docket No. 17] is GRANTED and this matter is dismissed with prejudice. LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY. Dated: January 13, 2022 s/Michael J. Davis Michael J. Davis United States District Court