Corona v. Marencik

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA [3] RUBEN CORONA; ANA CORONA, ) 4 ) Plaintiffs, ) Case No.: 2:19-cv-00340-GMN-BNW 5 vs. ) ) ORDER [6] LOUISE B. MARENCIK, et al., ) 7 ) Defendants. ) 8 ) 9 Pending before the Court is the Motion to Dismiss, (ECF No. 10), filed by Defendants 10 Bayview Loan Servicing, LLC, Robert Hodapp, Zieve, Brodnax & Steele, LLP, and Shadd 11 A. Wade, to which Defendants Blank Rome LLP, Louise B Marencik, and Bank of America, 12 N.A. filed Joinders, (ECF Nos. 23, 30), (collectively “Defendants”). Plaintiffs Ruben and Ana 13 Corona (“Plaintiffs”) did not file a response. For the reasons stated below, the Court GRANTS 14 Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss. 15 I. BACKGROUND 16 This case concerns a non-judicial foreclosure on Plaintiffs’ real property located at 7312 17 Buttons Ridge Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89131 (the “Property”). (Compl. at 1, ECF No. 1). 18 Plaintiffs purchased the Property through a loan of $799,999.00 from Southstar Funding LLC 19 and Star Mortgage. (Id. at 5). Plaintiffs allege that, after taking out the loan, Defendants did not 20 properly register the loan documents. (Id. at 5–7, 9). That improper loan registration caused 21 Plaintiffs to make payments on a “fake loan.” (Id. at 3). Upon Plaintiffs’ apparent failure to 22 meet payment obligations on that fake loan, Defendants commenced a foreclosure lawsuit in a 23 state court. (Id. at 6, 13). According to Plaintiffs, the improper registration of loan documents 24 meant that the foreclosure proceedings in the state court occurred without proper authority, [25] 1 without verification of a debt, and without the proper parties to enforce the loan. (Id. at 3–4, 2 12). 3 Plaintiffs accordingly filed their Complaint with the Court on February 26, 2019, 4 alleging the following causes of action: (1) breach of contract; (2) scheme to defraud in 5 violation of “the Truth in Lending Act, Regulation Z, 12 CFR § 226 .23”; (3) detrimental 6 reliance; (4) unlawful deception; (5) civil violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt 7 Organization Act; (6) wrongful foreclosure; (7) slander of title; (8) violation of the Consumer 8 Protection Act, also referred to by Plaintiffs as the Nevada Deceptive Trade Practices Act (NRS 9 598); (9) slander of credit; and (10) intentional infliction of emotional distress. (Id. at 5–11). 10 Shortly afterward, Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Permanent 11 Injunction, (ECF Nos. 3, 4); and Defendants filed their Response, (ECF No. 9), and a Motion to 12 Dismiss, (ECF No. 10). On April 25, 2019, the Court denied Plaintiffs’ Motion for Temporary 13 Restraining Order and Permanent Injunction. (Order, ECF No. 27). 14 II. LEGAL STANDARD 15 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) mandates that a court dismiss a cause of action 16 that fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. See N. Star Int’l v. Ariz. Corp. 17 Comm’n, 720 F.2d 578, 581 (9th Cir. 1983). When considering a motion to dismiss under Rule 18 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim, dismissal is appropriate only when the complaint does not 19 give the defendant fair notice of a legally cognizable claim and the grounds on which it rests. 20 See Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). In considering whether the 21 complaint is sufficient to state a claim, the Court will take all material allegations as true and 22 construe them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. See NL Indus., Inc. v. Kaplan, 792 23 F.2d 896, 898 (9th Cir. 1986). 24 The Court, however, is not required to accept as true allegations that are merely 25 conclusory, unwarranted deductions of fact, or unreasonable inferences. See Sprewell v. Golden 1 State Warriors, 266 F.3d 979, 988 (9th Cir. 2001). A formulaic recitation of a cause of action 2 with conclusory allegations is not sufficient; a plaintiff must plead facts showing that a 3 violation is plausible, not just possible. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing 4 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 ). 5 A court may also dismiss a complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) 6 for failure to comply with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a). Hearns v. San Bernardino 7 Police Dept., 530 F.3d 1124, 1129 (9th Cir. 2008). Rule 8(a)(2) requires that a plaintiff’s 8 complaint contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled 9 to relief.” “Prolix, confusing complaints” should be dismissed because “they impose unfair 10 burdens on litigants and judges.” McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1179 (9th Cir. 1996). 11 Mindful of the fact that the Supreme Court has “instructed the federal courts to liberally 12 construe the ‘inartful pleading’ of pro se litigants,” Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th 13 Cir. 1987), the Court will view Plaintiff’s pleadings with the appropriate degree of leniency. 14 “Generally, a district court may not consider any material beyond the pleadings in ruling 15 on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion . . . . However, material which is properly submitted as part of the 16 complaint may be considered on a motion to dismiss.” Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard 17 Feiner & Co., 896 F.2d 1542 , 1555 n.19 (9th Cir. 1990) (citations omitted). Similarly, 18 “documents whose contents are alleged in a complaint and whose authenticity no party 19 questions, but which are not physically attached to the pleading, may be considered in ruling on 20 a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss” without converting the motion to dismiss into a motion for 21 summary judgment. Branch v. Tunnell, 14 F.3d 449, 454 (9th Cir. 1994). Under Federal Rule 22 of Evidence 201, a court may take judicial notice of “matters of public record.” Mack v. S. Bay 23 Beer Distrib., 798 F.2d 1279, 1282 (9th Cir. 1986). Otherwise, if the district court considers 24 materials outside of the pleadings, the motion to dismiss becomes a motion for summary 25 judgment. See Arpin v. Santa Clara Valley Transp. Agency, 261 F.3d 912 , 925 (9th Cir. 2001). 1 If the court grants a motion to dismiss, it must then decide whether to grant leave to 2 amend. The court should “freely give” leave to amend when there is no “undue delay, bad 3 faith[,] dilatory motive on the part of the movant . . . undue prejudice to the opposing party by 4 virtue of . . . the amendment, [or] futility of the amendment . . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a); Foman 5 v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962). Generally, leave to amend is only denied when it is clear 6 that the deficiencies of the complaint cannot be cured by amendment. See DeSoto v. Yellow 7 Freight Sys., Inc., 957 F.2d 655, 658 (9th Cir. 1992). 8 III. DISCUSSION 9 Defendants assert the following grounds for dismissal of Plaintiffs’ Complaint: (1) 10 failure to join a necessary party; (2) inadequate factual allegations to support the claims; and (3) 11 improper service of process pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4. (Mot. Dismiss 1:24– 12 9); (Joinder 2:3–5, ECF No. 23). The Court addresses each ground in turn below. 13 A. Failure to Join a Necessary Party 14 Defendants argue that the Complaint fails to name the necessary party of Bank of New 15 York Mellon (“BONYM”). BONYM, according to Defendants, is the entity that both owned 16 Plaintiffs’ loan prior to the Property’s foreclosure and purchased the Property during the 17 foreclosure sale. (See Assignment of Deed of Trust, Ex. F to Defs.’ Resp., ECF No. 9-6); 18 (Notice of Trustee’s Sale, Ex. I to Defs.’ Resp., ECF No. 9-9); (Trustee’s Deed Upon Sale, Ex. 19 J to Defs.’ Resp., ECF No. 9-10).1 20 As the Court stated in its Order on Plaintiffs’ Motion for Temporary Restraining Order, 21 Plaintiffs’ omission of BONYM as a party to this action is fatal to the current Complaint 22 because, were Plaintiffs to be successful in their claims here, BONYM would lose its interest in [24] 1 The Court presently considers the Deed of Trust, Notice of Sale, and Trustee’s Deed Upon Sale without 25 converting Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss into one for summary judgment because Plaintiffs’ Complaint references these publicly recorded documents and Plaintiffs do not contest the authenticity of Defendants’ records. See Branch v. Tunnell, 14 F.3d 449, 454 (9th Cir. 1994). 1 the Property. (See Compl. at 13–14) (seeking, among other forms of relief, a declaration that 2 the foreclosure sale was void and a discharge of Plaintiffs’ debt related to the loan on the 3 Property). Accordingly, to proceed with this lawsuit Plaintiffs must include BONYM as a 4 party. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 19(a). Because the Court dismisses Plaintiffs’ Complaint with leave 5 to amend as explained below, Plaintiffs will have an opportunity to join BONYM as a party if 6 they choose to amend their claims. Thus, it would be premature for the Court to grant dismissal 7 of Plaintiffs’ Complaint solely for failing to name BONYM. 8 B. Failure to State a Claim for Relief 9 i. Breach of Contract 10 Plaintiffs’ first claim is for breach of contract. To support this claim, Plaintiffs must 11 allege: (1) the formation of a contract between Plaintiffs and Defendants; (2) performance by 12 Plaintiffs; (3) Defendants’ failure to perform; and (4) resulting damage. See Wachovia v. 13 Chaparral Contracting, Inc., 2010 WL 2803016 , *3 (D. Nev. July 12, 2010). 14 Plaintiffs attempt to support a breach of contract claim by alleging that Defendants’ 15 securitization of Plaintiffs’ loan on the Property caused that loan to be barred from becoming a 16 “registered security” and prevented it from being filed in the state-court case authorizing the 17 foreclosure. (Compl. at 5–6). Plaintiffs do not, however, allege how securitizing the loan 18 constituted a violation of the underlying loan contract’s terms. Nor do Plaintiffs allege that 19 Defendants violated the terms of the loan contract by failing to file the loan in the state-court 20 lawsuit. The allegations instead go to apparently fraudulent acts that were separate from 21 contractual obligations. Consequently, the present Complaint does not support the breach of a 22 contract between Plaintiffs and any Defendant.2 [23] 24 2 Plaintiffs allege that they “signed a lien against . . . property in return for a loan and no loan was ever provided.” (Compl. at 5, 8). But this contradicts Plaintiffs’ other allegations, which state that they purchased the 25 Property in November 2006 with a mortgage loan, (id. at 5). This present contradiction means that Plaintiffs do not plausibly allege how Defendants breached a term of the loan contract because Defendants would have complied with the loan’s terms by provided funds to secure the Property’s purchase; and Plaintiffs do not allege 1 Because Plaintiffs’ allegations do not support a breach of contract claim, it is dismissed. 2 Nevertheless, at this stage the Court cannot be sure that Plaintiffs are entirely unable to allege 3 additional facts, if true, to support such a claim. Dismissal is therefore without prejudice.3 4 ii. Detrimental Reliance 5 Related to Plaintiffs’ breach of contract cause of action is their fourth claim for 6 detrimental reliance. This fourth claim largely mirrors the elements of promissory estoppel, 7 and thus the Court analyzes the merits of it under that view. “The doctrine of promissory 8 estoppel, which embraces the concept of detrimental reliance, is intended as a substitute for 9 consideration, and not as a substitute for an agreement between the parties.” Vancheri v. GNLV 10 Corp., 777 P.2d 366, 369 (Nev. 1989). “Accordingly, the first prerequisite of the agreement is 11 a promise.” Id. To then establish promissory estoppel, four elements must exist: (1) the party to 12 be estopped must be apprised of the true facts; (2) he must intend that his conduct shall be acted 13 upon, or must so act that the party asserting estoppel has the right to believe it was so intended; 14 (3) the party asserting the estoppel must be ignorant of the true state of facts; and (4) he must 15 have relied to his detriment on the conduct of the party to be estopped. Pink v. Busch, 691 P.2d 16 456, 459 (Nev. 1984). “If a party can show that it reasonably relied to his determinant based on 17 a promise made to him, the court will enforce the promise, despite a lack of consideration.” 18 Archer v. Bank of Am. Corp., No. 2:11-cv-1264 JCM-RJJ, 2011 WL 6752562 , at *3 (D. Nev. [19] 20 the existence of any other loan besides that mortgage loan. Plaintiffs may, however, be able to remedy this contradiction in support a breach of contract claim if they elect to amend their Complaint. [21] 3 Defendants argue that Plaintiff Ruben Corona lacks standing to make claims related to the loan on the Property 22 because the loan agreement was not signed by him; it was signed by Ana Corona and Buenaventura Corona. (Mot. Dismiss 5:3–7). Plaintiffs have not addressed this standing issue in their filings, nor do they claim that 23 Buenaventura Corona is Ruben’s other name. Thus, because Ruben Corona’s name does not appear on the loan agreement, the Court finds that Ruben does not have standing to assert a claim for breach of that agreement’s 24 terms. See Meritage Homes of Nevada, Inc. v. FNBN-Rescon I, LLC, 86 F. Supp. 3d 1130, 1143 (D. Nev. 2015), aff’d, 690 F. App’x 507 (9th Cir. 2017) (“A breach of contract claim may only be raised by the recipient of the 25 promise, and third-party beneficiaries are only entitled to seek remuneration if it can be clearly discerned that the contracting parties intended to benefit the third party when the agreement was formed—incidental beneficiaries lack the right to claim relief.”); (see Exs. A–D to Mot. Dismiss., ECF Nos 10-1 to 10-4). 1 Dec. 23, 2011) (citations omitted). However, “any promise must be sufficiently clear and 2 unambiguous in its terms for the court to enforce any promised duty.” Id. 3 Here, Plaintiffs’ detrimental reliance claim centers on signing a lien against the Property 4 for a loan, but without a loan ever being provided. This claim fails for two reasons. First, 5 Plaintiffs provide only broad references to “defendant” or “defendants” for this claim, without 6 identifying which particular Defendant committed the alleged misconduct. Plaintiffs 7 accordingly do not provide sufficient allegations to place Defendants on notice of the violations 8 alleged against them, thus warranting dismissal of the claim. Second, the party that provided 9 the loan at issue in the Complaint appears to be “Southstar Funding LLC” or “Star Mortgage.” 10 (Compl. at 5). However, neither party is named in the Complaint as a party. Plaintiffs 11 consequently do not plausibly allege a claim for detrimental reliance against those currently 12 named as parties in this matter and against whom Plaintiffs seek relief. 13 iii. Unlawful Deception, Scheme to Defraud, Civil RICO 14 Plaintiffs next bring claims for a “scheme to defraud” and “unlawful deception in the 15 original foreclosure case.” These claims center on a promissory note that was not registered 16 properly and, as a result, fraudulently “used in court as a security” to earn a foreclosure. (Id. at 17 6–9). Additionally, Plaintiffs assert a similar fourth claim for “civil RICO,” which concerns 18 violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act based on allegations that 19 a “creditor had collected an unlawful debt” with an “interest rate . . . that exceeded . . . twice 20 the enforceable rate.” (Id. at 9).4 [22] 4 To the extent Plaintiffs allege a claim under the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq., as 23 part of their “scheme to defraud” cause of action, such claim is untimely. To explain, Plaintiffs allude to a request for rescission of their loan on the Property due to the deceptive nature of the contract. (Compl. at 6). A 24 rescission remedy under TILA is only available for three years, and the statute of limitations period for such remedy begins at the “consummation of the transaction or upon the sale of the property, whichever occurs first.” [25] 15 U.S.C. § 1635 (f). This statute of limitations period, unlike the statute of limitations applicable to a TILA damages claim, is an absolute limitation not subject to equitable tolling. Martinez v. Bank of America, No. 2:10– cv–01387–GMN–LRL, 2011 WL 1740146 , at *2 (D. Nev. May 5, 2011). Accordingly, here the three-year 1 Plaintiffs’ “scheme to defraud,” “unlawful deception,” and “civil RICO” claims sound in 2 fraud and must be pleaded with particularity. Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b). In other words, “the pleader 3 must state the time, place, and specific content of the false representations as well as the 4 identities of the parties to the misrepresentation.” Alan Neuman Productions, Inc. v. Albright, [5] 862 F.2d 1388, 1392 (9th Cir. 1988). Plaintiffs’ Complaint does not meet the requisite level of 6 particularity that Rule 9(b) requires. The Complaint’s allegations relating to these fraud claims 7 do not identify which particular Defendant committed the fraud; nor do the allegations explain 8 which actions form the basis of the fraudulent “scheme.” The Court accordingly dismisses 9 these claims for failure to satisfy the requirements of Rule 9(b), but does so without prejudice. 10 iv. Wrongful Foreclosure 11 Plaintiffs assert a wrongful foreclosure claim on the basis that their deed of trust was not 12 properly registered “because it was bundled and sold during the securitizing process.” (Compl. 13 at 10). Plaintiffs contend that, without proper registration due to securitization, the party who 14 eventually executed the foreclosure on their Property was not authorized to do so because they 15 were not a named trustee on the original deed of trust. (Id. at 2, 10). 16 There are two reasons why Plaintiffs’ wrongful foreclosure claim fails under the current 17 allegations. First, “securitization does not void the deed of trust, split the note irreparably or 18 extinguish [a plaintiff’s] mortgage obligations.” Banks v. Freddie Mac, No. 2:11-cv-0064819 GMN, 2013 WL 1182685 , at *3 (D. Nev. Mar. 20, 2013). Thus, Plaintiffs’ apparent contention 20 that securitization automatically prevented the deed of trust from being held by the same entity 21 holding the promissory note (and thereby prevented a valid foreclosure) is incorrect. (See 22 Compl. at 10) (contending that “[i]n this case there is no legal trustee because . . . the 23 promissory note and deed of trust . . . was bundled and sold during the securitization process). [25] limitations period would have begun at the time of the loan’s consummation in November 2006. (See Compl. at 5). Because Plaintiffs brought this lawsuit roughly thirteen years later, it is time barred. 1 To the extent that Plaintiffs assert a wrongful foreclosure claim based on securitization alone 2 irreparably invalidating their mortgage loan, such claim is dismissed with prejudice. 3 Additionally, besides securitization not serving as a proper basis for their wrongful 4 foreclosure claim, Plaintiffs fail to allege a necessary fact to support this cause of action: that 5 they were not in default on their loan prior to the foreclosure. See Collins v. Union Federal Sav. 6 & Loan Ass’n, 662 P.2d 610, 623 (Nev. 1983). Plaintiffs may, however, be able to allege this 7 necessary fact if true to show that they were not in default when an unauthorized party executed 8 the foreclosure sale on their Property. Id. The Court accordingly will permit Plaintiffs a limited 9 opportunity to amend this claim in their Complaint. 10 v. Slander of Title and Credit 11 To state a slander of title claim under Nevada law, a plaintiff must allege “false and 12 malicious communications, disparaging to [his] title in land, and causing special damage.” See 13 Exec. Mgmt ., Ltd. v. Ticor Title Ins. Co., 963 P.2d 465, 478 (Nev. 1998). Plaintiffs attempt to 14 allege slander of title and credit claims by stating that Defendants caused various documents to 15 be recorded on their Property, including a Notice of Trustee Sale, which has impaired “the 16 plaintiff’s” title and credit rating. (Compl. at 11). 17 Critically lacking from Plaintiffs’ slander claims are allegations explaining which 18 statements in the at-issue documents, such as the Notice of Trustee Sale, were untrue. Plaintiffs 19 appear to proceed under a theory that the wrong party enforced these recorded documents, 20 rather than the information in these documents being false. (See Compl. at 10) (discussing how 21 “the foreclosing party did not have standing to execute the power of sale clause in the deed of 22 trust . . . . [and] [t]hese documents will show the defendant who invoked the power of sale was 23 not the true beneficiary”). Plaintiffs accordingly do not provide enough factual allegations to 24 plausibly support their slander of title and credit causes of action. [25] 1 While Plaintiffs’ theories in support of their slander claims appear to lack merit such that 2 amendment would be futile, the uncertainty and unclear allegations surrounding these claims 3 prevent the Court from dismissing them with prejudice. Dismissal is thus without prejudice; 4 but if Plaintiffs seek to amend these claims, Plaintiffs must include additional, specific factual 5 allegations to permit the Court’s full review of their merits.5 6 vi. Violation of Nevada’s Deceptive Trade Practices Act 7 Plaintiffs allege in their seventh claim that Defendants “engaged in a pattern of unfair 8 trade practices in violation of the Nevada Revised Statutes Nevada Deceptive Trade Practices 9 Act (NRS 598).” (Compl. at 11). The Complaint’s allegations do not detail what “pattern” of 10 conduct occurred outside the isolated act of foreclosing on Plaintiffs’ Property. This claim also 11 does not distinguish between Defendants to show what each did to support this cause of action. 12 The factual deficiencies consequently warrant dismissal of this claim without prejudice because 13 Defendants do not have fair notice of their alleged wrongful conduct serving as the basis for 14 this claim. See Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). 15 vii. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress 16 Plaintiffs’ last claim is for intentional infliction of emotional distress, and it requires 17 Plaintiffs to demonstrate: (1) extreme and outrageous conduct by a defendant with either the 18 intention of, or reckless disregard for, causing emotional distress; (2) severe or extreme 19 emotional distress; and (3) actual or proximate causation. See Dillard Dept. Stores v. Beckwith, [20] 989 P.2d 882, 886 (Nev. 1999). 21 Here, Plaintiffs fail to allege any “extreme and outrageous conduct” committed by a 22 Defendant. The central conduct at issue is Defendants’ foreclosure on the Property and 23 enforcement of loan obligations. Courts in this District routinely find that, without additional [24] 25 5 To the extent that Plaintiffs rely on a theory of securitization to void their loan obligations or show an improper registration of the debt instruments, the Court again notes that such argument is without merit and does not support a claim for slander of title or credit here. See Banks, 2013 WL 1182685 , at *5. 1 allegations showing extreme and outrageous conduct, lenders exercising their rights under a 2 contract does not plausibly support a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress. Smith 3 v. Accredited Home Lenders, No. 2:15-cv-01130-KJD-VCF, 2016 WL 1045507 , at *3 (D. Nev. 4 Mar. 15 , 2016). Plaintiffs’ claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress thus fails and is 5 dismissed. Plaintiffs may, however, be able to allege additional facts if true to support this 6 cause of action. Accordingly, dismissal is without prejudice. 7 C. Improper Service of Process 8 In addition to pleading deficiencies, Defendants Blank Rome, LLP and Louise B. 9 Marencik contend that Plaintiffs did not properly serve them with the Complaint. These 10 Defendants state that Plaintiffs merely mailed the Complaint to their corporate offices or 11 registered agent. (Joinder 2:3–5, ECF No. 23). 12 Upon review of the docket, Blank Rome, LLP and Louise B. Marencik are correct; 13 Plaintiffs have not filed a proof of service, nor otherwise shown that service of process was 14 proper in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4. Failure to properly serve the 15 Complaint to Blank Rome, LLP, Louise B. Marencik, and other Defendants is an alternative 16 ground for the Court’s dismissal of Plaintiffs’ Complaint.6 17 IV. CONCLUSION 18 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, (ECF No. 10), is 19 GRANTED. The following claims are dismissed without prejudice: breach of contract, 20 detrimental reliance, “unlawful deception,” “civil RICO” concerning violations of the 21 Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, wrongful foreclosure (in part), slander of [23] 6 Because the Court dismisses Plaintiffs’ Complaint, the following Motions filed by Plaintiffs are dismissed as 24 moot: Motion to Remove Civil Case to Federal Court, (ECF No. 50); Motion for Sanctions Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11, (ECF No. 51); Motion for Preliminary Injunction, (ECF No. 52); and Motion to 25 Stay, (ECF No. 53). The Court similarly dismisses as moot the Motion to Compel Deposition Testimony, (ECF No. 43), filed by Defendants Bank of America, N.A., Bayview Loan Servicing, LLC, Robert Hodapp, Phoenix Asset Management, Shadd A. Wade, Zieve, and Brodnax & Steele, LLP. 1 title, slander of credit, violation of Nevada’s Deceptive Trade Practices Act, and intentional 2 infliction of emotional distress. The following claims are dismissed with prejudice: wrongful 3 foreclosure (in part) and violations of the Truth in Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq. 4 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the following Motions filed by Plaintiffs are 5 DISMISSED as moot: Motion to Remove Civil Case to Federal Court, (ECF No. 50); Motion 6 for Sanctions Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11, (ECF No. 51); Motion for 7 Preliminary Injunction, (ECF No. 52); and Motion to Stay, (ECF No. 53). 8 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion to Compel Deposition Testimony, (ECF 9 No. 43), filed by Defendants Bank of America, N.A., Bayview Loan Servicing, LLC, Robert 10 Hodapp, Phoenix Asset Management, Shadd A. Wade, Zieve, Brodnax & Steele, LLP is 11 DISMISSED as moot. 12 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs may, if they elect to do so, amend the 13 claims dismissed without prejudice in this Order. Plaintiffs shall have twenty-one days from 14 the date of this Order to file an amendment. Failure to timely file an amendment will result in 15 dismissal of Plaintiffs’ claims with prejudice. [16] 17 DATED this _2_9___ day of October, 2019. [18] 19 ___________________________________ Gloria M. Navarro, District Judge [20] United States District Court