United Automobile Insurance Company v. Christensen

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 United Automobile Insurance Company, Case No.: 2:18-cv-02269-JAD-BNW 4 Plaintiff 5 v. Order Re: Motions to Supplement and for Reconsideration 6 Thomas Christensen, E. Breen Arntz, and Gary Lewis, [ECF Nos. 41, 49] [7] Defendants [8] 9 Last September, I denied Thomas Christensen’s special motion to dismiss United 10 Automobile Insurance Company’s (UAIC’s) barratry claim under Nevada’s anti-SLAPP statutes 11 because he didn’t meet his evidentiary burden.1 Christensen now asks me to reconsider that 12 ruling2 to take into account the Nevada Supreme Court’s recent opinion in Rosen v. Tarkanian,3 13 which alters the standard that courts use in resolving anti-SLAPP motions,4 and to certify two 14 questions to Nevada’s High Court if I deny his reconsideration request.5 I grant Christensen’s 15 motion to supplement, and I take Rosen into account when considering his reconsideration 16 request. But because Christensen hasn’t shown that Rosen or any of his other reconsideration 17 arguments compel a different result, I deny further relief. I also decline to certify Christensen’s 18 proposed questions to the Nevada Supreme Court because to do so would be an unwarranted use 19 of the certification process. [20] 21 1 ECF No. 32. 2 ECF No. 41. [22] 3 Rosen v. Tarkanian, 453 P.3d 1220 (Nev. 2019). 23 4 ECF No. 49 5 ECF Nos. 41, 49. 1 Discussion6 2 I. Christensen’s Motion to Supplement [ECF No. 49] 3 Christensen moves for leave to supplement his motion for reconsideration of my order 4 denying his motion to dismiss under Nevada’s anti-SLAPP statutes.7 He argues that Rosen, 5 which was issued two months after he filed the reconsideration motion, adopted a different 6 standard for courts to use in determining whether an alleged defamatory statement was made in 7 good faith.8 Under Rosen, courts must look at the “gist or sting of communications as a whole, 8 rather than parsing individual words in the communications.”9 Had I applied this standard, 9 Christensen contends, I would have found that he met his burden to show that he made his 10 communications in good faith and therefore would have granted his anti-SLAPP motion.10 11 Because Rosen alters the standard for assessing whether an anti-SLAPP movant has met his 12 burden, I grant Christensen’s motion to supplement and I consider Rosen along with the points 13 and authorities that he submitted in his motion for reconsideration. 14 II. Christensen’s Motion for Reconsideration [ECF No. 41] 15 A. Reconsideration 16 Motions for reconsideration are not expressly authorized by the Federal Rules of Civil 17 Procedure, but courts may grant them under Rule 59(e).11 Reconsideration is only warranted 18 when: (1) the movant presents newly discovered evidence, (2) the district court committed clear [19] 6 The parties are familiar with the facts, so I do not repeat them here. For a full summary of the [20] facts, see ECF No. 32. 21 7 ECF No. 49; see also Nev. Rev. Stat. § 41.660 . 8 ECF No. 49 at 2. [22] 9 Rosen, 453 P.3d at 1222 (internal quotation marks omitted). 23 10 ECF No. 49 at 2. 11 See Sch. Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah Cnty. v. ACandS, Inc., 179 F.3d 656, 665 (9th Cir. 1999). 1 error or the initial ruling was manifestly unjust, or (3) there is an intervening change in 2 controlling law.12 Although reconsideration may also be warranted in other highly unusual 3 circumstances, it is well recognized as an “extraordinary remedy, to be used sparingly in the 4 interests of finality and conservation of judicial resources.”13 “A motion for reconsideration is 5 not an avenue to re-litigate the same issues and arguments upon which the court already has 6 ruled.”14 And a motion for reconsideration may not be based on arguments or evidence that 7 could have been raised previously.15 8 Christensen argues that I erred by requiring him to provide “exacting proof to support his 9 prima facie burden.”16 He also takes issue with my finding that the docketing sheets he attached 10 to show that his filings in other matters before different courts were made in good faith were 11 insufficient.17 But he fails to show that the summary-judgment-like standard that I applied from 12 the Nevada Supreme Court’s opinion in Coker v. Sassone was incorrect.18 That court has 13 emphatically explained that NRS § 41.660(3)(a) requires the defendant to “establish, by a 14 preponderance of the evidence, that the [plaintiff’s] claim is based upon a good-faith 15 communication in furtherance of the right to petition or the right to free speech in direct 16 connection with an issue of public concern.”19 Christensen fails to provide any justification for [18] 12 Id. 19 13 Carroll v. Nakatani, 342 F.3d 934 , 945 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting 12 James William Moore, et al., Moore’s Federal Practice § 59.30[4] (3d ed. 2000)). 20 14 Brown v. Kinross Gold, U.S.A., 378 F. Supp. 2d 1280, 1288 (D. Nev. 2005). 21 15 See Kona Enters., Inc. v. Estate of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877 , 890 (9th Cir. 2000). 16 ECF No. 41 at 5. [22] 17 Id. 23 18 Coker v. Sassone, 432 P.3d 746 , 748–50 (Nev. 2019). [19] Nev. Rev. Stat. § 41.660 (3)(a) (emphasis added). 1 departing from this rule, and his reliance on the Court’s recent opinion Rosen doesn’t provide an 2 alternate path. Even considering the “gist or sting” of the docketing sheets, as Christensen 3 contends Rosen requires, they still fall short of meeting his burden under § 41.660(3)(a). 4 Because I cannot glean from the docket sheets what good-faith communication they contain, I 5 also cannot determine whether the communications were truthful or made without knowledge of 6 their falsehood. These docket sheets simply don’t lend themselves to the § 41.660(3) analysis. 7 Christensen also misinterprets my order as hinging on his failure to attach an affidavit.20 8 Courts may consider an affidavit as evidence of a good-faith communication, but this is only in 9 conjunction with other evidence supporting that premise. For example, the Coker court faulted 10 the defendant for failing to submit evidence, including an affidavit, to show that he believed the 11 alleged counterfeit artwork that he sold was authentic at the time he advertised and sold it.21 In 12 Century Surety Company v. Prince,22 another judge in this district granted an anti-SLAPP 13 motion—missing affidavit notwithstanding—in light of the submitted documents, deposition 14 testimony, and correspondence that the court used to evaluate the communications.23 In 15 affirming the dismissal, the Ninth Circuit added that the fact the attorney signed the complaint 16 further strengthened the lower court’s good-faith determination. 17 I did not deny Christensen’s motion for want of an affidavit; I did so because the totality 18 of the evidentiary record in this case was just too thin to grant the relief he wanted. There was 19 no underlying complaint that I could evaluate to determine the nature of Christensen’s statements [20] 21 20 See ECF No. 41 at 7 (“Christensen should not be required to provide sworn ‘state of mind’ evidence as an attorney of record to satisfy his burden.”). [22] 21 Coker, 432 P.3d at 750 . 23 22 Century Sur. Co. v. Prince, 265 F. Supp. 3d 1182 (D. Nev. 2017). [23] Id. at 1189 . 1 and their truthfulness. And I am not persuaded by his argument that the court should infer that 2 the filings in the docket sheets were made in good faith solely because he is an attorney and 3 presumably signed them under Rule 11.24 Though the signature requirement is unequivocal, his 4 compliance with it is not beyond question. And it’s unclear whether he even submitted the 5 filings himself.25 6 There is also no new evidence that warrants reconsideration. Christensen argues that the 7 Nevada Supreme Court’s answer to two certified questions from the Ninth Circuit—that a party 8 is not entitled to an expired judgment and therefore cannot recover consequential damages from 9 it in a bad-faith claim against an insurer—“expressly left open the question” in this case, i.e. 10 whether tolling saves an otherwise-expired judgment therefore precluding a barratry claim.26 11 But in that unpublished answer to those questions, the Nevada Supreme Court declined to 12 entertain alternative arguments for when an expired judgment might be saved because those 13 arguments exceeded the scope of the certified question.27 Christensen clings to this language to 14 argue that it’s still possible that he can recover the expired judgment, invalidating UAIC’s [15] 24 ECF No. 41 at 7. [16] 25 I also reject Christensen’s argument that I erred by denying his motion outright instead of 17 offering him the opportunity to supplement the record in support of it, see ECF No. 41 at 7, as he fails to cite any legal authority for the notion that the court must give a movant an extra chance 18 to do what he should have done in his original motion before denying it. 26 Id. at 9. In an unpublished disposition, the Nevada Supreme Court held that James Nadler 19 could not recover from UAIC the judgment he won from his suit against Gary Lewis because it expired after six years and Nadler failed to renew it. See ECF No. 41-10 at 4–5 (Nalder v. 20 United Auto. Ins. Co., Docket No. 70504 (Order Answering Certified Questions, Sept. 20, 2019)). It also held that the expired judgment could not form the basis of Lewis and Nadler’s (as 21 Lewis’s assignee) request for consequential damages because Lewis was not entitled to the expired judgment, and the claim for breach of duty to defend was “not an action upon Nalder’s 22 state court judgment against Lewis.” Id. at 6, 8 (“Lewis has not actually suffered a loss [for the state court judgment amount] because the judgment has expired and, thus, it is no longer 23 enforceable against him.”). 27 Id. at 5. 1 barratry claim against him and proving that UAIC used it to chill his protected activity.28 But 2 this unpublished disposition is not new evidence of the type that warrants reconsideration; it does 3 nothing to change the facts UAIC alleged in its complaint. Christensen simply failed to meet his 4 burden, and nothing he offers on reconsideration or in his supplement demonstrates otherwise. 5 His motion for reconsideration is granted to the extent that I have reviewed my prior decision, 6 but any relief from it is denied. 7 B. Certification of questions of law 8 In the alternative, Christensen moves to certify two questions to the Nevada Supreme 9 Court: 10 1. Must a licensed Nevada attorney who should be presumed to file materials pursuant to Rule 11 of the relevant rules of 11 Civil Procedure be required to submit a sworn declaration/affidavit stating that his/her communications in 12 connection with litigation are truthful or made without knowledge of falsity in order to satisfy the first prong of the 13 Anti-SLAPP analysis? 14 2. Does a licensed attorney, who should be presumed to file materials pursuant to Rule 11 of the relevant rules of Civil 15 Procedure, forfeit his opportunity to pursue an Anti-SLAPP motion to dismiss because he/she did not affirmatively swear 16 under oath to the truth or lack of knowledge of falsehood when filing his or her Special Motion to Dismiss? 17 Alternatively, should such attorney be afforded the opportunity to supplement the record to make such filing to 18 the extent such filing is deemed necessary?29 [22] 23 28 ECF No. 41 at 9–10. 29 Id. at 11. 1 UAIC responds that certification is improper where, as here, Christensen has already lost on this 2 issue and seeks to “take a third bite of the apple.”30 Christensen’s argumentative and uniquely 3 case-specific questions are not appropriate for certification. 4 “Certification of open questions of state law to the state supreme court . . . rests in the 5 sound discretion of the federal court.”31 “There is a presumption against certifying a question to 6 a state supreme court after the federal district court has issued a decision.”32 The Ninth Circuit 7 has held that a “party should not be allowed ‘a second chance at victory’ through certification by 8 the appeals court after an adverse district court ruling,”33 and the same rationale disfavors 9 certification on a motion for reconsideration.34 10 Christensen misapprehends Coker and misconstrues my ruling. Irrespective of whether a 11 party—including an attorney—submits an affidavit or declaration testifying that the challenged 12 communications were made in good faith, the court may still require additional evidence to 13 conclude that the party’s communications and conduct were truthful or made without knowledge 14 of falsehood.35 Christensen neither filed an affidavit nor submitted evidence from which I could 15 determine what purported protected conduct or communication was at issue, much less whether 16 it was made in good faith. He is simply unhappy with my application of Coker to the facts of 17 this case, and the certification process is not designed to remedy that. [19] 30 ECF No. 46 at 14. [20] 31 Thompson v. Paul, 547 F.3d 1055, 1065 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting Lehman Bros. v. Schein, 416 21 U.S. 386 , 391 (1974)). [32] Id. [33] Id. (quoting In re Complaint of McLinn, 744 F.2d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 1984)). 23 34 See, e.g., Carolina Cas. Ins. Co. v. McGhan, 572 F. Supp. 2d 1222, 1226 (D. Nev. 2008). 35 See ECF No. 32 at 6–9; Coker, 432 P.3d at 750 . 1 Christensen’s argument that the docket sheets he provided lend themselves to this task and that I can presume their veracity based solely on the fact that he is a licensed attorney bound Rule 11’s signature requirement, is not helpful. Although Rule 11 requires attorneys to sign filings to attest that they are not “being presented for any improper purpose,” an attorney 5] signature alone doesn’t mean that he complied with this requirement. And I decline to make that 6]| generous of an inference, specially when some of these papers were filed by other attorneys.*° 7\|So I decline Christensen’s request to certify his questions to the Nevada Supreme Court. 8 Conclusion 9 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the defendant’s motion to supplement 10|| [ECF No. 49] is GRANTED. 11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the defendant’s motion to reconsider my order denying 12|| his special motion to dismiss [ECF No. 41] is GRANTED to the extent that the court has reviewed the prior order, but DENIED in all other respects. 14 Dated: August 6, 2020 U.S. District Judge Jennifér A. Dorsey [23] °° See ECF No. 46 at 12-13, n.15.