O'Neal v. Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 * * * 4 BRYAN EDWARD O’NEAL, an individual; Case No. 2:17-cv-02765-APG-EJY and KATHLEEN ROBINSON, an individual, [5] Plaintiff, ORDER [6] v. [7] LAS VEGAS METROPOLITAN POLICE 8 DEPARTMENT, a political subdivision of the State of Nevada; LINDA THEOBALD, an 9 individual; PROKOPIOS ZIROS, an individual; GUSTAVO RIOS, an individual; 10 CLARK COUNTY, a County existing under the laws of the State of Nevada; Naphcare, Inc., 11 an Alabama Corporation; and DOES through 1 through 25, inclusive; and POE MEDICAL 12 PERSONNEL 1 through 25, inclusive; 13 Defendants. [14] 15 Before the Court is Defendants Clark County and Naphcare, Inc.’s Motion for Case16 Terminating Sanctions Under F.R.C.P. 37 and for Monetary Sanctions (ECF No. 68).1 The Court 17 has considered the Motion and Defendants Linda Theobald, Prokopios Ziros, Gustavo Rios, and Las 18 Vegas Metropolitan Police Department’s Joinder to the Motion (ECF No. 73).2 No response to the 19 Motion or Joinder was filed. 20 BACKGROUND 21 Plaintiffs filed their Complaint on November 2, 2017 alleging constitutional and state law 22 claims arising from Plaintiff Bryan O’Neal’s (“O’Neal”) arrest, forfeiture of property, and 23 incarceration at Clark County Detention Center (“CCDC”). ECF No. 1. While incarcerated, O’Neal [26] 27 1 Naphcare, Inc. and Clark County are referred to herein as the “Naphcare Defendants.” 2 Defendants Linda Theobald, Prokopios Ziros, Gustavo Rios, and Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department 1 claims he injured his shoulder getting off his top bunk bed using an unsafe metal ladder. Id. at 10. 2 O’Neal allegedly sought treatment, but was supposedly refused care by CCDC and Naphcare. Id. at 3 10. 4 Defendants filed Motions to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ Complaint (ECF Nos. 7, 9, and 15) the results 5 of which eliminated all state law claims asserted against the Naphcare Defendants, but allowed some 6 state law claims against LVMPD and Section 1983 claims against the Naphcare Defendants to 7 proceed. ECF No. 31. Defendants then engaged in discovery ultimately extending the discovery 8 period eight times. ECF Nos. 28, 30, 36, 38, 42, 44, 54 55, 57. Upon granting a motion to withdraw 9 as Plaintiffs’ counsel, the Court denied a ninth stipulation to extend discovery deadlines, but reset 10 deadlines after giving Plaintiffs reasonable time to obtain new counsel. ECF No. 63. 11 During the extended discovery period: (1) LVMPD noticed, vacated, and rescheduled 12 O’Neal’s deposition six times and Plaintiff Kathleen Robinson’s (“Robinson”) deposition eight 13 times (ECF No. 68-4); (2) O’Neal screamed profanities at a process server who came to his residence 14 to serve a deposition notice on his mother-in-law Leslie Robinson, ripped service documents to 15 shreds, and followed the process server to her car (ECF Nos. 68-5); (3) Plaintiffs engaged in verbal 16 abuse calling Defense Counsel numerous profane names after they mistakenly arrived for a vacated 17 deposition (ECF No. 68 at 4; 73 at 8); (4) Plaintiffs interfered with the deposition of Leslie Robinson 18 by attempting to represent her as counsel and, when challenged, calling Defense Counsel 19 “[p]edophiles and crooks,” and then telephoning Mrs. Robinson instructing her not to answer any 20 more questions (ECF No. 68-11); and (5) Plaintiffs failed to respond to the Naphcare Defendants’ 21 Requests for Admissions, and LVMPD’s second set of Requests for Admissions propounded on 22 O’Neal and the first set of Requests for Admissions served on Robinson. ECF Nos. 68 at 14, 73 at 23 8-9. Plaintiffs also failed to supplement grossly deficient discovery responses to LVMPD’s 24 discovery requests despite being advised of the deficiencies. ECF No. 73-19. 25 DISCUSSION 26 I. A Meet and Confer with Plaintiffs would be Futile. 27 Rule 37(d)(1)(B) requires a motion for sanctions include a certification that the movant “has 1 Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(d)(1)(B). United Stated District Court for the District of Nevada Local Rule 2 (“Local Rule”) define “meet and confer” as direct communication and discussion in good faith of 3 the relevant issues under the particular rule or order. Specifically, “[d]iscovery motions will not be 4 considered unless the movant (1) makes a good-faith effort to meet and confer. . . before filing the 5 motion; and (2) includes a declaration setting forth the details and results of the meet-and-confer 6 conference about each disputed discovery request.” Local Rule 26-7(c). Although a good faith 7 attempt to meet and confer is required before a motion for sanctions will be considered, futility is 8 recognized as an exception to the meet and confer requirement. Gayler v. High Desert State Prison, 9 No. 2:17-CV-02429-JAD-EJY, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 40055 , at *2 (D. Nev. Mar. 9, 2020); 10 Eruchalu v. U.S. Bank, No. 2:12-cv-1264-RFB-VCF, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 127974 , at *8 (D. Nev. 11 Sep. 12, 2014) (plaintiff’s failure to meet and confer excused because defendant’s failure to comply 12 with discovery rendered a meet and confer futile). 13 Here, Defendants demonstrate that efforts to meet and confer with Plaintiffs would have been 14 futile. Defendants sent multiple notices of Plaintiffs’ depositions that were ignored; Plaintiffs’ failed 15 to respond to Defendants’ Requests for Admissions; Plaintiffs have engaged in verbally abusive 16 conduct when confronted with discovery processes; and, Plaintiffs have not responded to 17 Defendants’ instant Motion or Joinder. Based on these uncontested facts, there is no doubt that had 18 Defendants attempted to meet and confer with Plaintiffs such attempts would have been futile. 19 II. Plaintiffs’ Willfulness and Outrageous Conduct Warrants Sanctions. 20 Fed. R. Civ. P. 37 generally governs sanctions for discovery abuses. The sanctions available 21 under Rule 37(d) applies to a party’s failure to attend his/her deposition or respond to interrogatories 22 or document requests. Incorporated into the sanctions enumerated in Rule 37(d) are all of the 23 sanctions listed in Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(i)-(vi). Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(i)-(vi) allows the Court to issue, 24 among other sanctions, an order designating facts as established in favor of the prevailing party; 25 “prohibiting the disobedient party from supporting or opposing designated claims or defenses, or 26 from introducing” evidence; “striking pleadings in whole or in part”; or dismissing a “proceeding in 27 whole or part.” The Naphcare “Defendants specifically request the sanction set forth in Rule 1 37(b)(2)(A)(v)—dismissing the action or proceeding in whole or in part.” ECF No. 68 at 9. LVMPD 2 joins in this request. ECF No. 73 at 11. 3 The Ninth Circuit uses a five factor test to determine if case terminating sanctions are 4 appropriate under Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(v). Connecticut General Life Ins. Co. v. New Images of Beverly 5 Hills, 482 F.3d 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal citation omitted). These five factors include: 6 “(1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of the litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage 7 its dockets; (3) the risk of prejudice to the party seeking sanctions; (4) the public policy favoring 8 disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions.” Id. (citing 9 Jorgensen v. Cassiday, 320 F.3d 906, 912 (9th Cir.2003) (quoting Malone v. U.S. Postal Serv., 833 10 F.2d 128, 130 (9th Cir.1987)). The fifth factor has three subparts including: “whether the court has 11 considered lesser sanctions, whether it tried them, and whether it warned the recalcitrant party about 12 the possibility of case-dispositive sanctions.” Id. (citing Valley Eng’rs v. Electric Eng’g Co., 158 F. 13 3d 1051, 1057 (9th Cir. 1998). Dismissal is appropriate “where at least four factors support 14 dismissal, or where at least three factors strongly support dismissal.” Dreith v. Nu Image, Inc., 648 15 F.3d 779, 788 , (9th Cir. 2011) (quoting Yourish v. Cal. Amplifier, 191 F.3d 983 , 990 (9th Cir. 1999)). 16 Moreover, in order for the Court to order dismissal as a sanction, the party’s violations of a court’s 17 orders must be willful or in bad faith. Id. (citing Wyle v. R.J. Reynolds Indus., Inc., 709 F.2d 585 , 18 589 (9th Cir. 1983)). 19 The first three factors considered by the Court strongly support sanctions. There is no doubt 20 that Plaintiffs’ actions have substantially delayed and interfered with the expeditious resolution of 21 this case as well as the Court’s ability to manage its docket. Plaintiffs’ conduct, detailed above, has 22 also caused prejudice to Defendants through repeated delays, abusive behavior, and non23 responsiveness. Plaintiffs’ willfulness and bad faith is demonstrated through repeated failures to 24 appear for depositions (ECF Nos. 68-4, 68-10; 73-4, 73-7, 73-20, 73-22, 73-23), failure to respond 25 to Defendants’ Requests for Admissions as required under Fed. R. Civ. P. 36 (ECF Nos. 68 at 14, 26 73 at 9), interference with service of process (ECF No. 68-5, 73-16) and interference with the 27 deposition of Leslie Robinson (ECF No. 68-11). The strength of evidence regarding these factors 1 the proceedings will deprive the parties of a final disposition on the merits, this finding does not 2 militate against sanctions. See In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Products Liability Litig., 460 F.3d 3 1217, 1228 (9th Cir. 2006) (internal citations omitted). 4 Defendants properly contend that when determining whether sanctions are warranted, the 5 Court must take into consideration the history of discovery in the litigation. Link v. Wabash R.R. 6 Co., 370 U.S. 626, 634 (1962) (“the District Court in this case relied on all the circumstances that 7 were brought to its attention, including the earlier delays”). The Court has considered the history of 8 Plaintiffs’ discovery abuses, but also considers that it has not issued any prior sanctions or warnings 9 to Plaintiffs in this case. Specifically, the Court has issued no warning to Plaintiffs that case 10 dispositive sanctions may be ordered if Plaintiffs fail to respond to or otherwise participate in 11 discovery. For this reason, the Court finds that, before case dispositive sanctions are properly issued, 12 the Court must consider less drastic sanctions. 13 III. Defendants’ Requests for Admissions are Deemed Admitted. 14 Plaintiffs failed to respond to the Naphcare Defendants’ Requests for Admissions served on 15 February 11, 2020, as well as LVMPD’s second set of Requests for Admissions to O’Neal and first 16 set of Requests for Admissions to Robinson served on February 5, 2020. ECF Nos. 68 at 14; 73 at 17 9. Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(a)(3) states that a matter is deemed admitted “unless, within 30 days after being 18 served, the party to whom the request is directed serves on the requesting party a written answer or 19 objection addressed to the matter and signed by the party or its attorney.” Once admitted, the matter 20 “is conclusively established unless the court, on motion, permits the admission to be withdrawn or 21 amended.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(b). 22 Here, Plaintiffs had substantial opportunity to respond to the Requests for Admissions, but 23 failed to do so. Thus, the Court finds deeming all of the Naphcare Defendants Requests for 24 Admissions and all of LVMPD’s second set of Requests for Admissions propounded on O’Neal and 25 first set of Requests for Admissions propounded on Robinson “Admitted” is appropriate sanction in 26 this case. While this is a “severe sanction,” Plaintiffs’ repeated egregious conduct, discussed above, 27 supports the Court’s finding. Asea, Inc. v. Southern Pacific Transp. Co., 669 F.2d 1242, 1247 (9th 1 IV. Monetary Sanctions are Awarded. 2 Defendants have clearly incurred substantial fees and costs bringing their motions for 3 sanctions. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(c) includes among the wide range of sanctions available the addition 4 of an award of reasonable attorney’s fees and costs. In fact, “[t]he district court has great latitude in 5 imposing sanctions under [Rule 37].” Lew v. Kona Hosp., 754 F.2d 1420, 1425 (9th Cir. 1985). 6 “Courts need not tolerate flagrant abuses of the discovery process.” Campbell Indus. v. M/V Gemini, [7] 619 F.2d 24 , 27 (9th Cir. 1980). Given the Plaintiffs’ documented, flagrant discovery abuses in this 8 case, an award of fees and costs to Defendants is appropriate. 9 V. The Court Issues an Order to Show Cause Why Case Terminating Sanctions Should not be Granted. [10] 11 The Naphcare Defendants correctly state that case terminating sanctions are properly granted 12 when the Court finds willfulness, fault or bad faith; however, such a sanction is generally ordered 13 only after the Court has considered the availability of less severe sanctions. R&R Sails, Inc. v. Ins. 14 Co. of the Pa., 673 F.3d 1240, 1247 (9th Cir. 2012) (internal citations omitted). There is little doubt 15 that Plaintiffs’ conduct was willful and clearly within their control. Tom v. S.B. Inc., 280 F.R.D. 16 603, 610 (D. N.M. 2012) (quoting In re Standard Metals Corp., 817 F.2d 625 , 628-29 (10th Cir. 17 1987); Jorgensen, 320 F.3d at 912 . Taking into consideration the history of the discovery abuses 18 engaged in by Plaintiffs, the Court finds it appropriate to provide Plaintiffs one opportunity to show 19 cause why case terminating sanctions, requested by Defendants, should not be granted. This one 20 time opportunity gives Plaintiffs the potential ability to prevent dismissal of their Complaint based 21 on their egregious conduct and failure to engage in any discovery in good faith. 22 ORDER 23 Accordingly, 24 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendants Naphcare, Inc. and Clark County’s Motion for 25 Case-Terminating Sanctions Under Fed. R. Civ. P. 37 and for Monetary Sanctions (ECF No. 68) is 26 GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. [27] 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants Linda Theobald, Prokopios Ziros, Gustavo 2 Rios, and Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department’s Joinder to the Defendants Naphcare and 3 Clark County’s Motion (ECF No. 73) is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. 4 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants Naphcare, Inc. and Clark County’s Requests 5 for Admissions served on O’Neal, LVMPD’s second set of Requests for Admissions served on 6 O’Neal, and first set of Requests for Admissions served on Robinson are deemed admitted. 7 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants Naphcare, Inc. and Clark County, as well as 8 Defendants Linda Theobald, Prokopios Ziros, Gustavo Rios, and Las Vegas Metropolitan Police 9 Department, are awarded reasonable attorney’s fees and costs for bringing their respective Motion 10 for Sanctions and Joinder to the Motion for Sanctions. 11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants’ counsel shall submit a memorandum of fees 12 and costs incurred in Motion for Case Terminating Sanctions and for Monetary Sanctions (ECF No. 13 68) and Joinder thereto (ECF No. 73) detailing the activities, hours spent (in tenths of hours), and 14 the rate charged by each attorney who worked on the Motion and Joinder. Appropriate redactions 15 from billing records for attorney client privilege and/or work product may be made for the public 16 filing with non-redacted copies of such records filed under seal. 17 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs are Ordered to Show Cause why Defendants 18 Naphcare, Inc., Clark County, Linda Theobald, Prokopios Ziros, Gustavo Rios, and Las Vegas 19 Metropolitan Police Department are not entitled to the case terminating sanction of dismissal of 20 Plaintiffs’ Complaint no later August 31, 2020. Failure to timely respond to this Order to Show 21 Cause shall result in a recommendation to the District Judge that this case be dismissed. 22 DATED: August 10, 2020 [24] ELAYNA J. YOUCHAH 25 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE