White v. Warden, Pickaway Correctional Institution

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO EASTERN DIVISION AT OLUMBUS MARCUS D. WHITE, Petitioner, : Case No. 2:22-cv-2804 - vs - District Judge James L. Graham Magistrate Judge Michael R. Merz WARDEN, Pickaway Correctional Institution, : Respondent. DECISION AND ORDER This habeas corpus case was brought pro se by Petitioner Marcus White to obtain relief from his convictions in the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas on charges of felonious assault and felony murder. The case was referred on filing to Magistrate Judge Peter B. Silvain, Jr., and transferred to Magistrate Judge Michael Merz to help balance the workload in the District. Judge Merz filed a Report and Recommendations recommending that the Petition be dismissed with prejudice (“Report,” ECF No. 31). Petitioner has filed Objections (ECF No. 34) and the case is therefore ripe for decision. As required by 28 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1) and Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b), the Court has reviewed de novo the Report with particular attention to those portions objected to by Petitioner. Having done so, the Court finds the objections are without merit and they are OVERRULED for the reasons set forth below: Ground One Petitioner was charged in the Indictment in this case with murder of Debra Green in violation of Ohio Revised Code § 2903.02. The jury was instructed on the lesser included offense of felony murder in violation of Ohio Revised Code § 2903.02(B) and found White guilty of that offense. The judgment of conviction did not reflect that the underlying felony was felonious assault on Debra Green. On Petitioner’s demand, the Ohio Tenth District Court of Appeals ordered that the judgment of conviction be amended to reflect that the conviction was under § 2903.02(B). The Franklin County Court of Common Pleas complied with that order by entering a Second Nunc Pro Tunc Sentencing Entry without having a resentencing hearing at which White was personally present (State Court Record, ECF No. 8, Ex. 1). In his First Ground for Relief, White asserts resentencing him in that manner violated his federal constitutional rights of due process, equal protection, and access to the courts. The Report recommends dismissing Ground One for failure to state a claim arising under the United States Constitution. Petitioner objects that he relies on Ohio R. Crim. P. 43 which protects rights “rooted in the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Due Process Clause of the 14 Amend, of the U. S. Const.,” (Objections, ECF No. 34-1, PageID 623, citing State v. Dixon, 2016 Ohio 955 (Ohio App. 10th Dist. Mar. 10, 2016)). In Dixon the Tenth District held the defendant had a right to be personally present because the trial court was being called upon to correct a void judgment, in that case a judgment which failed to impose a mandatory term of imprisonment for a firearm specification. In this case the judgment entry being corrected was not void. Instead, the Second Nunc Pro Tunc Entry corrected a clerical error: White had been convicted of felony murder under Ohio Revised Code § 2903.02(B), not murder under Ohio Revised Code § 2903.02. The sentence was not changed as it had been in Dixon, only the numerical reference for the count of conviction. This was consistent with Ohio practice. See State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St. 3d 304 (2012). The Tenth District’s decision that White did not have a right to be physically present is also neither contrary to nor an objectively unreasonable application of United States Supreme Court precedent. In Kentucky v. Stincer, 482 U.S. 730 (1987), authority relied on by Petitioner, the Supreme Court held “a defendant is guaranteed the right to be present at any stage of the criminal proceeding that is critical to its outcome if his presence would contribute to the fairness of the procedure.” Id. at 745 . However, it also held the rule did not guarantee a right to be physically present for a competency hearing. How much less for a proceeding in which a judge signs a corrected judgment entry? Petitioner has not shown how his presence was necessary to the fairness of the procedure. White also objects to the Magistrate Judge’s conclusion that his claim that the indictment did not fairly notify him of his need to defend against conviction on the lesser included offense was barred by the statute of limitations because it could have been raised in the trial court or on White’s prior habeas case. This claim was first raised in this case in White’s Corrected Reply (ECF No. 28), filed December 26, 2023, but it is a claim directed to the original indictment as filed in 2005. White objects that his life and liberty are at stake (Objections, ECF No. 34-1, PageID 624-25). White is not under a capital sentence, so his life is not at stake. The liberty of every habeas corpus petitioner is at stake, but that does not excuse failure to comply with the statute of limitations. Ground Two In his Second Ground for Relief, Petitioner asserts he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel. The Report concluded Petitioner had procedurally defaulted this claim either because the asserted error of counsel could have been litigated on direct appeal and was barred by res judicata because it was not raised or was barred by Petitioner’s failure to include it in a timely petition for post-conviction relief under Ohio Revised Code § 2953.21. Dixon objects that his post-conviction petition was timely because it was filed within a year of the entry of the Second Nunc Pro Tunc Entry (Objections, ECF No. 34-1, PageID 628). But as the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas pointed out in dismissing the Petition for postconviction relief, the trial attorney errors of which White complains occurred before or during the 2005 trial and were of record, so they were available to be raised on direct appeal, or were known to White at the time of trial, so they were available to be raised in a post-conviction petition within a year of completing the record on direct appeal. Ohio’s criminal res judicata rule has been repeatedly upheld by the Sixth Circuit as an adequate and independent state ground of decision. Durr v. Mitchell, 487 F.3d 423, 432 (6th Cir. 2007); Buell v. Mitchell, 274 F.3d 337 (6th Cir. 2001); Coleman v. Mitchell, 268 F.3d 417 (6th Cir. 2001); Byrd v. Collins, 209 F.3d 486, 521-22 (6th Cir. 2000); Rust v. Zent, 17 F.3d 155, 160-61 (6th Cir. 1994)(citation omitted); Van Hook v. Anderson, 127 F. Supp. 2d 899, 913 (S.D. Ohio 2001). Grounds Three and Four In these two Grounds for Relief, Petitioner complains that the trial court imposed postrelease control in a nunc pro tunc entry (Ground Three) and that the form of the Second Nunc Pro Tunc Entry is incorrect (Ground Four). The Report recommends dismissing these claims because they arise under state law, were rejected on that basis by the Tenth District Court of Appeals, and cannot be converted to federal constitutional claims merely by putting constitutional labels on them. Petitioner objects that the Ohio case law he cited is “grounded” or “rooted” in the federal Constitution. That is not enough. To prevail in habeas corpus a petitioner must show that the state court decision in his case is contrary to or an objectively unreasonable application of United States Supreme Court precedent. It is insufficient to say that the state law right protects a federal constitutional value. Conclusion Petitioner’s Objections are overruled. The Court adopts the Report and directs the Clerk to enter judgment dismissing the Petition with prejudice. Because reasonable jurists would not disagree with this conclusion, Petitioner is denied a certificate of appealability and the Court certifies to the Sixth Circuit that any appeal would be objectively frivolous and should not be permitted to proceed in forma pauperis. s/ James L. Graham JAMES L. GRAHAM DATE: January 12, 2024 United States District Judge