Bank of Oxford v. Love

Mr. Justice McReynolds delivered the opinion of the court. A special act of the Mississippi Legislature, approved March, 1872, incorporated the Bank of Oxford and authorized it to “exercise the privilege appertaining to a general banking, exchange an^d brokerage business, with all the power of a body corporate.” Section IV declares: “That the business of said bank shall be confided to and controlled by its stockholders under such rules of laws and regulations as said Company may see fit to adopt, Provided; the same be not in conflict with the Constitution of the United States or of this State.” It was immediately organized, and has continued to carry on business under the charter so granted. By a comprehensive act containing sixty-nine sections, *605 approved March 9, 1914, the legislature prescribed general regulations concerning banking. Its scope is fairly indicated by the title, copied below. 1 Section 23 provides: “Each bank subject to the provisions of this act is hereby assessed for each year one-fortieth of one per cent, of its total assets, and the money accruing from said assessment shall be used for the maintenance of the banking department.” After paying one assessment under protest, plaintiff bank, May 14, 1914, instituted this proceeding in' the Chancery Court for Hinds County. The original bill sets up and relies upon the charter of 1872 as a contract, protected by the Federal Constitution, which by confiding control to stockholders excludes legislative authority in respect thereto. It alleges: 1£ That the said bank éxaminers are threatening to interfere with the affairs of this bank, and to exercise such powers as are provided for by said statute [of 1914] over this bank, and are threatening to *606 make such examinations and reports upon and about, and to exercise all the other authorities and powers provided for by such statute, over the affairs of your orator, said bank. And .your orator pleads hereby, and invokes for such, its contract, immunity from such supervision and control, the said contract clause of the Constitution of the United States, and claims its right exclusively to control and manage the affairs of its own bank.” And further: “Your orator protests and shows that it was not subject to the provisions of said banking law, and by its said contract charter, the whole scheme, so devised, as applied to your orator bank, was unconstitutional and void; and your orator shows that for such reason it was not subject to assessment devised and contrived only for the purpose of maintaining such bank department; and your orator was' protected against the payment of such assessment, also, by the said contract clause of the Constitution of the United States.” The prayer is for an injunction perpetually restraining defendants and their successors from examining or undertaking to enforce as against the complainant any provision contained in the Act of March 9, 1914, and for a decree requiring repayment of the sum assessed and paid under protest. No argument is required to show that the charter of 1872 constitutes a contract protected by the Federal Constitution. But the construction placed upon § IV by counsel for plaintiffs in error is not tenable. It really contains nothing which purports to take away commonly recognized power of the State to establish such reasonable and general regulations of banks as may be essential to public safety, and to enforce them through a board supported by moderate assessments upon those engaging in the business. While the bill proceeds upon the theory that the bank's affairs are wholly exempt from interference by legislative direction, the only past or immediately probable wrongs *607 adequately complained of are enforced contribution- to expense of the banking department and threats by defendants to make examinations and reports. And we think it clear that no impairment of the corporate charter has resulted or will result from reasonable examinations and reports by duly authorized officers and the small prescribed payments. It is unnecessary to consider other distinct provisions of the statute, and, of course, we intimate no opinion concerning them. The Supreme Court of the State affirmed a decree of the Chancery Court dismissing the bill upon demurrer, and its action must be Affirmed. Footnotes [1] “An act establishing a banking department for the State of Mississippi, creating a board of bank commissioners, prescribing their qualifications, duties and compensation, providing for the election of State bank examiners, prescribing their qualifications, duties and compensation, defining what shall constitute a bank and banking business in the State of Mississippi, fixing the capital required to do a banking business, and providing for the examination, regulation and. control of banks and banking business conducted by corporations, other than national banks and postal savings banks and fixing the assessment for the revenues of the department, fixing qualifications and liability of officers, stockholders and directors of banking corporations; fixing the qualifications and liability of persons, firms and’corporations in the banking business; providing for the payment of deposits to minors and other persons under disability and on joint account; prohibiting banking except under the provisions of this act; providing for the liquidation of banks and the distribution of the.assets thereof; providing for giving publicity to deposits more than five years old; and prescribing penalties for the breach of any of the provisions thereof, and to provide a system for guaranteeing deposits, and for other purposes, without expense to the State.”