Keokuk & Hamilton Bridge Co. v. Salm

Mr. Justice Brandéis delivered the opinion of the court. The Keokuk & Hamilton Bridge Company, an Illinois corporation, owns a bridge across the Mississippi River. That part of it which lies within the State of Illinois was assessed by the county assessors for purposes of taxation as real estate and was valued at $100,000.. To prevent collection of the tax the company brought, in the federal court for Southern Illinois, this suit for an injunction against the county treasurer and other state officials. It is claimed that the tax is void; first, because the bridge is a railroad and as such is assessable only by the State Board of Equalization; secondly, because the property was deliberately assessed at one hundred and 'fifty per cent, of its actual value, whereas the property of other corporations and individuals was assessed at only forty per cent, of its value; and that, thus, the company is deprived of property without due process of law ánd is denied equal protection of the laws in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. A motion to dismiss was sustained by the District Court on the ground that the complainant has a plain, adequate ai^l complete remedy at law. The case comes here on appeal under § 238 of the Judicial Code because of the constitutional question raised. That such property is assessable by the county officials as real estate and not by the State Board of Equalization as a railroad was settled by People v. *124 Keokuk & Hamilton Bridge Co., 287 Ill. 246; 295 Ill. 176, 181. 1 Whether the bill sets forth a case for equitable relief is the only question requiring consideration. Since the appellant asserted a claim arising under the Federal Constitution, the District Court had jurisdiction although there was no diversity of citizenship. Discrimination in taxation effected by systematic inequality of assessment may violate the Fourteenth Amendment. Greene v. Louisville & Interurban R. R. Co., 244 U. S. 499, 502. But the bill failed to show that plaintiff was being deprived of property without due process of law or was being denied equal protection of the laws or that there was any danger that it would be. Compare Wells, Fargo & Co. v. Nevada, 248 U. S. 165, 168. The law of Illinois affords ample opportunity to question the amount and the- validity of an assessment both before administrative, tribunals and in its courts. The provisions relating to the assessment and taxation of real estate apply to the assessment and taxation of bridge structures like that of the appellant. Hurd’s Revised Statutes of Illinois, 1919, c. 120, § 354. Every such assessment made by the county assessors is subject to revision by them. §§ 319, 320. Moreover, upon complaint in writing that an assessment is incorrect, a board of review is. required to give a hearing, and to correct the assessment “ as shall appear to be just.” § 329; Standard Oil Co. v. Magee, 191 Ill. 84. Payment of taxes as finally assessed and extended against real estate is enforced, in the first instance, not by distraint or levy, but by legal proceedings. §§ 185-193. An application is made by the collector to the county court for judgment against the property. Compare Keokuk & Hamilton Bridge Co. v. People, 145 Ill. 596; 161 Ill. 514; 167 Ill. 15; 176 Ill. 267. *125 The proceeding in the county court is a civil suit for the collection of a debt. People v. St. Louis Merchants Bridge Co., 282 Ill. 408. The owner may appear and defend on any legal ground; among others, that the assessment was deliberately or fraudulently discriminatory and that, hence, the tax is void. People v. Keokuk & Hamilton Bridge Co., 287 Ill. 246; 295 Ill. 176. From the judgment of the county court an appeal may be taken to the Supreme Court of the State upon giving a bond to pay the amount of the assessment and costs; and the appeal will operate as a supersedeas if the appellant deposits with the county collector an amount of money equal to the amount of the judgment and costs. If upon final hearing judgment for sale of the lands for taxes is refused, the deposit is returned by the collector to -the appellant. § 192. Moreover, where it is claimed that a tax is void because of overvaluation which is fraudulently discriminatory, the courts of the State will grant relief in equity, if the plaintiff has sought correction from the board of review and failed to secure redress. Sanitary District v. Young, 285 Ill. 351, 367. Here the alleged invalidity consists wholly in discriminatory overvaluation; and, so far as appears, appellant did not even apply to the board of review to correct the assessment. There is thus no basis for the contention that resort to a suit such as this was necessary to prevent, either a sale for an illegal tax creating a cloud upon title, or multiplicity of suits to recover back the tax, or other irreparable injury. See Singer Sewing Machine Co. v. Benedict, 229 U. S. 481; Ohio Tax Cases, 232 U. S. 567, 587; Farncomb v. Denver, 252 U. S. 7. The bill fails, also for another reason, to state a case entitling plaintiff to relief. Before the suit was begun it had been decided that the taxing statute was valid, that the property was subject to taxation, that it was assessable as real estate, and that the assessment should be made, as *126 was done, .by the county assessor and not by the State Board of Equalization. The amount of the tax payable was, therefore, the- only matter in controversy. Under such circumstances a plaintiff seeking an injunction must aver payment or tender of the amount of taxes confessedly due, or at least offer to pay such amount as the court may find to be justly and equitably due. People’s National Bank v. Marye, 191 U. S. 272; Raymond v. Chicago Union Traction Co., 207 U. S. 20, 38. The bill contains no such allegation. Decree affirmed. Footnotes [1] That so much of the bridge as lies within the State of Illinois is taxable there, although used in interstate commerce, was held in Keokuk & Hamilton Bridge Co. v. Illinois, 175 U. S. 626.