Connolly v. Sharpe

VAUGHN, Judge. Though defendants bring several assignments of error, there are only two basic issues. The first is whether G.S. 1-440.1 et seq., which permits prejudgment attachment, without prior notice and opportunity to be heard, violates the federal and state constitutions. We must affirm the constitutionality of the statute. The second is whether prejudgment attachment may be issued without supporting factual evidence that defendants had attempted to defraud any creditor. We hold it was prejudicial error to order attachment upon plaintiffs’ bare affidavit in this case and reverse. We need not present a detailed constitutional analysis of the attachment statute here. The question defendants seek to raise has already been answered adversely to their contentions. Supply Service v. Thompson, 35 N.C. App. 406, 241 S.E. 2d 364 (1978). The statute complies with procedural due process as required by the federal constitution. Hutchinson v. Bank of North Carolina, 392 F. Supp. 888 (M.D.N.C. 1975). Also, it has withstood attack under our state constitution. Properties, Inc. v. Ko-Ko Mart, Inc., 28 N.C. App. 532, 222 S.E. 2d 267, cert. den., 289 N.C. 615, 223 S.E. 2d 392 (1976). Nevertheless, plaintiffs were required to submit an affidavit meeting statutory requirements before attachment could be ordered. Whitaker v. Wade, 229 N.C. 327, 49 S.E. 2d 627 (1948). Plaintiffs’ affidavit recited the elements of G.S. l-440.11(a)(l) and in pertinent part stated: 3. That the ground for attachment in this action is that the defendant is: *154 x A person or a domestic corporation which, with intent to defraud his or its creditors, x Has removed, or is about to remove, property from this State, or x Has assigned, disposed of, or secreted, or is about to assign, dispose of, or secrete, property. 4. That the facts and circumstances supporting allegations or acts committed with intent to defraud creditors are as follows: Defendants, Betty and Charles Sharpe, are believed to have destroyed a house belonging to them in Alexander County, by fire, one week after obtaining a $5,000.00 increase in insurance coverage on that property. Plaintiffs presented no evidence other than the affidavit at the hearing upon defendants’ motion to dismiss the attachment. We conclude that plaintiffs’ affidavit was insufficient to support prejudgment attachment. Attachment is a statutory remedy which must be strictly construed; however, substantial compliance with the statutory requirements will suffice. Bethell v. Lee, 200 N.C. 755, 158 S.E. 493 (1931). Attachment against resident defendants must be based on an affidavit setting forth the facts and circumstances supporting allegations that they have done or are about to do any act with intent to defraud their creditors. G.S. l-440.11(a)(2) (b); Howard Co. v. Baer, 203 N.C. 355, 166 S.E. 77 (1932). Failure to set forth supporting facts and circumstances in a definite and distinct manner causes the attachment affidavit to be fatally defective. Finch v. Slater, 152 N.C. 155, 67 S.E. 264 (1910). Plaintiffs requested the extraordinary remedy of prejudgment attachment relying only on a belief that defendants had destroyed their house one week after obtaining a $5000.00 increase in insurance coverage. No further facts were ever given to establish a justification for this belief. Plaintiffs did not even provide the date on which defendants allegedly destroyed their house. We cannot tell whether the timing of the destruction was a motivating factor in plaintiffs’ request for protection by the attachment process. We are compelled, however, to agree with defendants that the attachment appears to have been “issued on the basis of no more than a rumor, with no evidence offered *155 at any time, in the affidavit or at the hearings, to support the rumor.” The affidavit should have stated more particulars concerning defendants’ destruction of their house enabling the court to determine whether there had been a fraudulent disposition of property. Hughes v. Person, 63 N.C. 548 (1869). The rule is best stated in Judd v. Mining Co.: When the affidavit is that the defendants are “about to assign or dispose of their property with intent to defraud the plaintiffs,” that being not the assertion of a fact, but necessarily of a belief merely, the grounds upon which such belief is founded must be set out that the court may adjudge if they are sufficient. 120 N.C. 397, 399, 27 S.E. 81 (1897); Brown v. Hawkins, 64 N.C. 645 (1871). Thus, it is generally held that an affidavit made on belief as to the ground of attachment must give the sources of information and recite positive facts reasonably supporting the belief. Annot., 86 A.L.R. 588 (1933). See also Annot., 8 A.L.R. 2d 578 (1949). Clearly, plaintiffs’ mere suspicion that defendants committed a possibly unrelated fraudulent act will not support prejudgment attachment to prevent another anticipated fraudulent act. Finally, we must note that G.S. l-440.36(c) provides that “[ejither the clerk or the judge hearing and determining the motion to dissolve the order of attachment shall find the facts upon which his ruling thereon is based.” In the record before us, the trial court made no findings of fact when it upheld the attachment on 3 December 1979. The burden was upon plaintiffs to come forward with evidence in support of the bare allegations of the affidavit. They failed to do so. There was, therefore, no evidence that would have supported findings sufficient to sustain the order of attachment. The motion to dismiss the attachment should have been allowed. The order appealed from is reversed. Reversed. Judges Martin (Robert M.) and Webb concur.