Whitaker v. . Wade

BaRniiill, J. The ancillary writ of attachment may be issued only on one or more of the grounds specified by statute, G. S. 1-440.3, and the grounds upon which it is issued must be made to appear by affidavit. G. S. 1-440.11. When the defendant contests the grounds on which the writ issued, the statute provides a ready means of attack upon the writ without awaiting the trial of the main issue. G. S. 1-440.36. Rut this remedy is not exclusive. G. S. 1-440.41. He may make the necessary allegations in his answer by way of defense and await the trail. Bizzell v. Mitchell, 195 N. C., 484. This latter course was pursued by the defendant. The falsity of the averment in plaintiff’s affidavit is sufficiently alleged. Hence the submission of the second issue must be sustained. See G. S. 1-440.36 (c). The jury having found by their answer to the second issue that the attachment was wrongfully issued, it was proper for the court to dissolve *329 the attachment and discharge the defendant’s surety from liability. Bizzell v. Mitchell, supra. Prior to 1947, there was no provision in the statute G. S. Chap. 1, Art. 35, for the assessment of damages in the original action against the plaintiff and his surety for the wrongful issuance of a warrant of attachment. The defendant was compelled to pursue his remedy by independent action after the groundlessness of the action or the ancillary writ was judicially determined. Kramer v. Electric Light Co., 95 N. C., 277; Mahoney v. Tyler, 136 N. C., 40; Hoft v. Lighterage Co., 215 N. C., 690, 3 S. E. (2d), 20; Anno., 85 A. L. R., 648. But the Legislature in 1947, by Chap. 693, Session Laws of 1947, revised and re-enacted G. S. Chap. 1, Art. 35, making certain material changes therein. See G. S. 1-440.1 et seq. Part 6 of Chap. 693, Session Laws of 1947, is entitled “Procedure after Judgment” and the first section thereof is as follows : “Sec. 1-440.45. When defendant prevails in the principal action.— “(a) If the defendant prevails in the principal action, or if the order of attachment is for any reason dissolved, dismissed or set aside, or if service is not had on the defendant as provided by Sec. 1-440.7 . . . “(b) ... “(c) The defendant may recover in the original action on any bond taken for his benefit therein, or he may maintain an independent action thereon.” This does not mean that defendant’s claim against plaintiff’s bond may be heard and damages assessed at the original hearing. It provides instead that such damages are to be assessed in the same action, at the election of the defendant, after judgment on the main issue. Defendant’s cause of action on the bond is bottomed on the wrongful issuance of the writ. The groundlessness of the writ is an essential element of his right to damages and this cannot completely exist or appear until that fact is judicially determined either by judgment vacating the writ or judgment against the plaintiff in the main action. Then only does defendant’s cause of action on the bond arise and become complete. His proper remedy is by motion in the cause after judgment. If defendant’s cross action as alleged in his answer be treated as an action against plaintiff for the rvrongful issuance of the writ and not as an action on the bond, the result is the same. His cause of action does not arise until the rvrongfulness of the writ is adjudicated. Hence, “It would be anomalous and absurd to sue upon a cause of action before it had arisen. And quite as absurd to sue upon a constituent part of a cause of action that may never arise! There was therefore no counterclaim alleged.” Kramer v. Electric Light Co., supra. *330 The submission of the third issue and the judgment thereon must be held for error. The cause must be retained on the docket for the assessment of the damages sustained by defendant by reason of the wrongful issuance of the warrant of attachment herein, provided defendant so elects. lie may, however, if he so desires, pursue his cause by independent action. The cause is remanded to the end that judgment may be entered accordant with this opinion. Modified and affirmed.