County Commissioners v. Wright

Urner, J., delivered the opinion of the court. The appellee was one of the occupants of a Ford automobile which fell through on open draw in a bridge maintained by the appellants over Cambridge Creek in the City of Cambridge. For his personal injuries, thus occasioned, he recovered the judgment which is the basis of this appeal. The only bill of exceptions in the record is concerned with the rulings on the prayers. The accident occurred at night. It was testified by the appellee, who occupied a rear seat in the automobile, and by George Ricketts, the owner of the car, who was driving it at the time, that there were no lights then observable anywhere on the bridge, and no warnings of any kind were given as to the condition of the draw, and that they did not see the opening into which they fell. According to the testimony offered by the -appellants the approahesi to the draw were brightly iEuminated by two electric arc lamps when the accident happened, and there were red sigual lights displayed on the drawbridge, indicating that it was open for the passage of vessels. In vievy of the conflict of the evidence as to' whether the lights required for the protection of traveler’s oh the bridge were in fact extinguished as the draw was being; operated on the occasion referred to, the question of primary negligence could not properly have been withdrawn from the jury. The most important question in the ease is whether* a verdict should have been directed for the appellants- on the ground of contributory negligence. If the appellee had been in the position of the driver of the automobile, it would seem clear that his own negligence had contributed to his misfortune. *579 The oar was driven forward on the bridge, at accelerating speed, in spite of the fact, to which Ricketts, the driver, testified, that no signal lights were visible showing whether the draw was open or closed. The. occupants of the automobile were familiar with the bridge and the system of lights by which the condition of the draw was intended to be revealed. If the draw was open, red lights were displayed to travelers on the bridge, and if it was closed, the lights appeared green. As the automobile approached the draw1 it was. moving, as Ricketts testified, at the rate of four or five miles an hour, and he had begun to increase its speed just before the car plunged into the creek. The headlights of the automobile should have enabled the driver to see some distance in advance, and if he had been as watchful and careful as the conditions demanded, he ought to have seen the open draw and stopped his; car in time to avoid the accident. It- was certainly not an act of ordinary prudence to proceed merely on the assumption that the draw; was closed, if the customary signal lights were not there to assure him that the way was safe. But the lights were in elevated positions, twenty and thirty feet above the floor of the bridge, and the appellee was on the rear seat of the car, where his view was restricted by the top- and curtains;. Whether, being thus situated, his failure to anticipate the accident and intervene to prevent it was contributory negligence as a matter of law is the question to be determined. The negligence of the driver was not imputable to the appellee, as the former was operating the car as its owner1 and not as the appellee’s agent or employee. For some days preceding the accident Ricketts had been employed by the appellee in the work of gathering holly. They both lived near Federalsburg, and prior to the day of the accident the appellee- had used his own car in taking Ricketts and others to the place where the holly was being gathered. On that day the appellee’s car was not in a condition to he driven, and Ricketts used his car in order that he might he able to return home at night. He was paid nothing for the use of the car, his *580 only compensation being for Ms day’s'labor. There is nothing-in the testimony tq show that the appellee was tr aveling in the car in any capacity that gave Mmi the right to- direct or control' its operation. The proof indicates that he was accompanying the owner as a guest. The case is, therefore, within the rule, which tMs Court hasi repeatedly applied, that “the contributory negligence of a carrier, or of the driver of a public or private vehicle, not owned'or controlled by the pasrsenger, and who is himself without fault, will not constitute a bar to the right of the passenger' to- recover for injuries received.” P., R. & W. R. R. Co. v. Hogeland, 66 Md. 163; B. & O. R. R. Co. v. Strunz, 79 Md. 343; United Rys. Co. v. Biedler, 98 Md. 574; United Rys. & Elec. Co. v. Crain, 123 Md. 332; B. & O. R. R. Co. v. McCabe, 133 Md. 219; W., B. & A. R. Co. v. State, use of Hall, 136 Md. 109; McAdoo v. State, use of Kuntzman, 13§ Md. 452; Chiswell v. Nichols, 137 Md. 291. But independently of the question asi to the driver’s failure to exercise due care isi the issue as to whether the appellee was also negligent in not observing the danger and endeavoring to avoid injury by timely advice and warning to the driver. It was'his individual duty to use ordinary care for Ms safety, and if he failed in the performance of that duty, he cannot recover for an injury to which Ms own negligence thus contributed. TMa principle is fully supported by the decisions above noted. Whether the passenger has exercised reasonable care under the circumstances' is usually a question for the jury to decide. Chiswell v. Nichols; W., B. & A. R. Co. v. State, use of Hall; B. & O. R. R. Co. v. McCabe, supra. In the first of the cases just cited the question was whether the pasr senger, who was seated beside the driver of the' automoHle, was negligent in failing to observe and give notice of the approach, along an intersecting road, of the oar1 with which they collided. In the Hall and McCabe cases, in which the accidents occurred at railway crossings, it was charged that the passengers, who were in each instance seated in the front of the automobile, negligently failed to warn the driver1 of the *581 danger of collision which was imminent. It was held in all of those cases that the question of the passenger’s contributory negligence should he submitted to the jury. The proof in the present ease does not require a different ruling. The issue as to whether the appellee exeaeised due care was properly submitted to the jury by an instruction granted at the appellants’ request, but they were not entitled to a directed verdict in their favor on the theory that contributory negligence on the part of the appellee had been conclusively proven. Tfrom liis seat in the rear of the covered car he had not the1 same opportunity as the driver to notice that the signal lights at the top1 of the draw bridge were not displayed, if such was the fact, and he might not have anticipated that the driver would not stop' the car, in view of the low rate of speed at which they testified it was moving, in time to avoid any danger which the headlights would disclose. The refusal of the trial court to withdraw the case from the jury on the ground that the appellee was guilty of contributory negligence was clearly proper. Ho question has been ina.de in the argument as to the action below on the prayers other than those we have mentioned. In none of the rulings have we found any error. Judgment affirmed, with costs.