Hooton v. Jarman Chevrolet Co.

*270 BROWN, J. Based “upon the record of this cause and wherein it appears that the judgment was entered in the lower court on October 22,1929, and that no bill of exceptions was tendered to the lower court until on October 17, 1930, and after the argument of this cause before this court,” the plaintiff has filed a motion to expunge the bill of exceptions, dismiss the appeal, and affirm the judgment appealed from. As set out in the motion, the record discloses that the judgment order herein was entered on October 22, 1929; that no bill of exceptions was tendered until October 17, 1930, and no extension of time was ever granted for filing the same. In so far as it pertains to the question presented by this motion, Oregon Code 1930, § 2-703, provides: “A proposed bill of exceptions may be tendered by presenting it to the clerk of the court within sixty days (60) after the entry of the judgment or decree, or within such further time as may be granted by order of the court.” This law must be so administered, however, as to harmonize with, and come within the compass of Oregon Constitution, art. 1, § 10, which announces that “justice is to be administered * * * completely and without delay.” Clearly, the trial court abused its discretion in settling and allowing the bill of exceptions nearly a year after the entry of judgment. It came too late, and should be expunged from the record. But, as written by our court, speaking through Mr. Justice Rand in Student v. Goldapp, 124 Or. 102 (259 P. 207): ‘ ‘ This, however, will not result as in the Ptack case [121 Or. 688, 257 P. 19] in the dismissal of the appeal, for with the bill of exceptions expunged the appellant, under the record here, may still try out the'question of the sufficiency of the pleadings, the correctness of the court’s rulings in denying the motion for change of venue, and in denying the motion for a new trial and possibly other questions.” *271 This doctrine is well settled in this jurisdiction, and is based upon statute and court decisions. In the early ease of Bridal Veil Lumbering Co. v. Johnson, 25 Or. 105 (34 P. 1026), the question of the necessity for an exception arose, and Mr. Justice Moore, spealdng for the court, said: “No exceptions are required to be taken or allowed to any decision upon a matter of law, when it is entered in the journal or made wholly upon matters in writing and on file in the court: Hill’s Code, § 233.” This decision is recognized and followed in Chung v. Stephenson, 50 Or. 244 (89 P. 386), where Mr. Justice Bakin, in delivering the opinion of the court, said: “We understand that exceptions are only necessary to be taken to save and bring up errors transpiring upon the trial that cannot be preserved in the record without a bill of exceptions. This error appears from the record, viz., the pleadings and the findings, and does not depend upon the bill of exceptions to disclose it.” In Pullen v. Eugene, 77 Or. 320 (146 P. 822, Ann. Cas. 1917D, 933), in passing upon the question of the necessity of presenting error of the trial court by bill of exceptions, the court declared: “Nor was it necessary, when the demurrer was sustained, to save an exception to the court’s ruling, since it was made upon a matter in writing and on file in the court: L. O. L., §172.” In the case of Chrudinsky v. Evans, 85 Or. 548 (167 P. 562), the opinion of the court was delivered by Mr. Justice Burnett. Among other things, the learned justice said: “The principal error relied upon by the appealing defendant is the entry of a separate judgment on the several verdicts. For one thing, in opposition to this, the plaintiff contends that the defendant cannot be heard here on that point because there is nothing about it in the bill of exceptions. We read, however, in L. O. L., §172: *272 “ ‘No exception need be taken or allowed to any decision upon a matter of law, when the same is entered in the journal, or made wholly upon matters in writing and on file in the court.’ “An exception is an objection, and a bill of exceptions is necessary only where the matter to which it applies does not otherwise appear of record. Here, however, the decision complained of was made upon these written verdicts which were filed, and was embodied in an entry upon the journal of the court. Hence there was no neéd of duplicating the history of the transaction impugned.” The question was again presented in Annand v. Austin, 86 Or. 403 (167 P. 1017, 168 P. 725), and the court, in its opinion on rehearing, wrote : “The plaintiff raised the question appropriately by her motion to substitute other findings, and as the decision on that point was made upon matters in writing and on file, it is not necessary that specifications of the error should appear in the bill of exceptions: L. 0. L., § 172.” In School District No. 30 v. Alameda Construction Co., 87 Or. 132 (169 P. 507, 788), the court, in passing upon the question, held: “The error is apparent on the face of the record itself, so that no bill of exceptions is required: L. O. L., § 172.” In Emmons v. Southern Pacific Co., 97 Or. 263 (191 P. 333), Mr. Justice Burnett, in discoursing upon this subject, said: “It presents a case under the second clause of L. 0. L., § 172, where it is said: “ ‘No exception need be taken or allowed to any decision upon a matter of law, when the same is entered in the journal, or made wholly upon matters in writing and on file in the court. ’ *273 ‘ ‘ The pleadings are here, the verdict is here, and the judgment is here. The error of entering such a judgment on such a verdict is one of law, made wholly upon written documents on file in the circuit court, and hence is reviewable on appeal on the record thus made. ’ ’ This clause was quoted and followed in Bailey v. Security Ins. Co., 100 Or. 163 (196 P. 252), and again in Montague-O’Reilly v. Town of Milwaukie, 101 Or. 478 (193 P. 824, 199 P. 605). In the case of State v. Laundy, 103 Or. 443 (204 P. 958, 206 P. 290), Mr. Justice Harris, in rendering the opinion for the court, made the following pertinent observation (p. 508): “The original importance of one of the two functions of an exception was recognized by Or. L., § 172, where it was and still is provided: “ ‘No exception need be taken or allowed to any decision upon a matter of law, when the same is entered in the journal, or made wholly upon matters in writing and on file in the court’; because in the enumerated cases an exception was not necessary for the reason that such ‘decision’ became a part of the judgment-roll, even though no bill of exceptions was prepared. ’ ’ Continuing his discussion as to the jurisdiction of the court to pass upon particular questions, the justice says: “In this jurisdiction, as in most jurisdictions, the general rule established by court decisions is that only such questions of law as are presented upon an objection, an adverse ruling, and an exception will be reviewed upon an appeal [citing authorities]; but this rule, like many rules, has its exceptions. One exception to this general rule, expressly recognized by the code, is found where the question of law is one that is involved in a ruling which properly appears in the judgment-roll, even though there be no bill of exceptions.” *274 In the case of State v. Karpenter, 120 Or. 90 (250 P. 633, 251 P. 307), the conrt refused to consider the objection made to the verdict for the reason that it “was not raised to the court below and was not incorporated in the bill of exceptions.” But, on petition for rehearing, that part of the original opinion that had reference to the foregoing objection and the refusal of the court to consider the same was withdrawn by the court “because it is not a proper statement of the law.” A “bill of exceptions” has been aptly defined by this court as “a memorial of matters occurring at the trial of a cause which do not otherwise appear of record”: Ku bik v. Davis, 76 Or. 501 (147 P. 552). See, also, Hanna v. Alluvial Farm Co., 79 Or. 557 (152 P. 103, 156 P. 265). Notwithstanding the bill of exceptions has been expunged from the record in this case, the judgment-roll, duly certified by the clerk, is here, and it contains all the proceedings had in the lower court pertaining to the motion for a new trial. The motion to dismiss the appeal is, therefore, denied.