School District No. 30 v. Alameda Construction Co.

Mr. Justice Burnett delivered the opinion of the court. The bond in question was given under the provisions of Chapter 27 of the Laws of 1913, p. 59, amending Section 6266, L. O. L., so as to read as follows in part: “Hereafter any person or persons, firm or corporation, entering into a formal contract with the State of Oregon, or any municipality, county, or school district within said state, for the construction of any buildings, or the prosecution and completion of any work, or for repairs upon any building or work, shall be required before commencing such work, to execute the usual penal bond with good and sufficient sureties, with the additional obligations that such contractor or contractors shall promptly make payments to all persons supplying him or them labor or materials for any prosecution of the work provided for in such contracts. ’ ’ 1, 2. The same section provides that any person supplying labor or materials shall have a right of action and shall be authorized to bring suit in the name of the State of Oregon or any county, municipality or school — 138 — district within such state for his use and benefit against the contractor and his sureties and to prosecute the same to final judgment and execution. By these excerpts from the pleadings we are taught that the execution of the bond and contract as stated in the fifth allegation of the complaint are admitted. It is true the answer denies that the Surety Company agreed to pay anyone except the School District, but the statute above named must be read as part of the undertaking because the latter instrument was made to fulfill the requirements of that law. By the execution of the bond and its delivery, the Surety Company created a situation in which it would be compelled to pay materialmen for material furnished and not paid for by the contractor. In other words, the effect of this contract is an express agreement of the Surety Company to pay such claims not liquidated by the contractor and not only so, but to make payments directly to the materialmen. In this view of the case, the denial mentioned is sham in effect, so that averment No-. V of the complaint stands uncontroverted, leaving the only contest to be waged over the matter of furnishing the material. It is true that the corporate character of the relator was denied on information and belief, but no notice seems to have been taken of that in the trial and no error is predicated concerning it. 3. The bond has a double obligatory aspect. As to the School District, it is the usual penal undertaking ordinarily required between owners and builders; but it operates equally in favor of those who furnish labor or materials, for the statute imposes upon the surety “the additional obligations that such contractor or contractors shall promptly make payments to all persons supplying him or them labor or materials for any — 139 — prosecution of the work provided for under such contracts. ’ ’ This latter stipulation of the bond, therefore, is for the benefit of the materialman or laborer and is not affected by breaches of other terms of the contract, committed by other parties. As stated in the syllabus to Kansas City ex rel. v. Schroeder, 196 Mo. 281 (93 S. W. 405): “The contract between the materialmen and the contractor is independent of the contract between the city and the contractor; therefore, the relief to which the materialmen are entitled does not depend upon the validity of the contract between the city and the contractor.” Unless, therefore, the relator was a party to the breach of the main contract between the School District and the contractor its rights cannot be prejudiced by any act of either of the other stipulating parties. There is no charge of the kind against the relator. By the terms of the enactment it is entitled to bring an action on the undertaking for its own benefit and to pursue the same even to judgment and execution independent of the School District except the mere use of its name. It is stated in United States v. National Surety Co., 92 Fed. 549 (34 C. C. A. 526), that: “The two agreements which the bond contains, the one for the benefit of the government and the one for the benefit of third persons, are as distinct as if they were contained in separate instruments, the government’s name being used as obligee in the latter agreement merely as a matter of convenience. In view of these considerations, we are of the-opinion that the sureties in a bond, executed under the act now in question, cannot claim exemption from liability to persons who have supplied labor or material to their principal to enable him to execute his contract with the United States, simply because the government and the — 140 — contractor, without the surety’s knowledge, had made some changes in the contract, subsequent to the execution of the bond given to secure its performance which do not alter the general character of the Avork contemplated by the contract or the general character of the materials which are necessary for its execution ' When the government has executed the contract and taken and approved the bond, it ceases to be the agent of third parties whom the contractor employs in the execution of the work or from whom he obtains materials and the rights of such persons under the bond are unaffected by subsequent transactions between the government and the contractor”: Griffith v. Rundle, 23 Wash. 453 (63 Pac. 199, 55 L. R. A. 381); Conn v. State, 125 Ind. 514 (25 N. E. 443). All the allegations of the answer, therefore, respecting a change in the contract after its execution and delivery and of other violations not attributed to the relator may well be disregarded as affecting the right of the plaintiff to recover in this action. Indeed, passing the denial on information and belief of the corporate existence of the relator, all that was incumbent upon it in the trial of the case was to prove its allegation about furnishing material and the failure of the contractor to pay for the same. 4. The Surety Company offered to show at the trial substantially this state of facts: The architect who had prepared the plans and specifications for the building and who was acting as the agent of the School District prepared a form of contract in Portland which was signed by the contractor in triplicate and by it taken to the Surety Company to whom it applied for the bond. The company executed the bond and gave it to the contractor to be delivered to the School District. The officers of the contractor then went to Warrenton with the bond and the contract in triplicate signed by — 141 — itself and tendered the papers to the School District. The officers of the district then made some material changes in the contract increasing the obligation of the contractor without the knowledge of the Surety Company and signed the contract thus altered and retained the bond. The Circuit Court denied the Surety Company the right to show this state of facts under the pleadings as framed. This ruling was correct for the reason that the allegation was to the effect that the alterations were made after the execution of the contract, whereas the offer of proof was to show a change before the contract was executed. The allegations and the proof did not correspond. If the Surety Company intended to rely upon this state of facts it should have denied the execution of the bond and contract and then would have been fulfilled its statement in the brief that “our contention is that there was no valid subsisting contract of insurance ever entered into between the Illinois Surety Company and School District No. 30, or any materialmen or laborers; that in fact, no contract of insurance was ever entered into at all on the part of the Illinois Surety Company.” Moreover, the new matter in the answer is controlled by the admission of the truth of paragraph V of the complaint. It being conceded in all the pleadings that a contract was entered into and that the bond was given, thenceforward a separate obligation arises in favor of the materialman and against the Surety Company which cannot be prejudiced by any of the matters averred in the answer. The judgment of the Circuit Court on the merits was right and is therefore affirmed. 5,6. After judgment plaintiff filed his cost bill wherein he claimed for sundry witnesses and for a re — 142 — porter’s fee. The answering defendant filed objections to certain items, among others, against the amount claimed for two witnesses who were not called and did not testify in the case. Afterwards, without making any statement of the amount of costs and disbursements properly taxable in favor of the plaintiff, the court ordered “that the plaintiff’s cost bill filed herein be and the same is in all respects allowed, and the clerk of this court is hereby directed to tax the amount hereof as the costs of plaintiff in this action. ’ ’ In its notice of appeal the Surety Company used this language: “And appeal from the judgment of said court in taxing and allowing J. E. Tourtellotte $25.00 as witness fees and mileage, and Clara Munson $3.20 as witness fees in said cause.” On this branch of the case, which is a separate proceeding, as stated by Mr. Justice Ramsey in Perkins v. Perkins, 72 Or. 302 (143 Pac. 995), the only matters on file and of record are the bill of costs and disbursements, the objection thereto and the judgment of the court. It is laid down by Section 570, L. O. L., that the only pleadings in a matter of disputed costs and disbursements are the statement of the prevailing party and the objection of the opposite litigant; that all issues involved by the statement and objections shall be heard by the court without a jury; that at such a hearing either party may produce any testimony either oral, by deposition or otherwise, to sustain the issues on his behalf; and that a bill of exceptions may be framed as in other actions. It is further required by this section that: “As soon as convenient after the hearing, the court or judge thereof shall make and file with the clerk of — 143 — the court a correct itemized statement of the costs and disbursements as allowed by the court or judge, and shall render judgment thereon accordingly for the party in whose favor the same are allowed; and no other finding or conclusion of law or fact shall be necessary, and the same shall be final and conclusive as to all questions of fact. ’ ’ It further provides for a separate appeal wherein the statement of disbursements, the objections, the statement of costs and judgment filed by the court or judge, the judgment or decree rendered therein, and the bill of exceptions, if any, shall- constitute the judgment-roll. There is presented, therefore, for our consideration an appeal wherein the record consists of only the pleadings and the judgment without any findings to support it. Such a judgment is void under the authority of Moody v. Richards, 29 Or. 282 (45 Pac. 777), and Clackamas Southern R. Co. v. Vick, 72 Or. 580 (144 Pac. 84). The error is apparent on the face of the record itself so that no bill of exceptions is required: Section 172, L. O. L. The judgment of the Circuit Court upon the matter of costs and disbursements is reversed and remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent herewith. Modified. Costs Eetaxed. Me. Chief Justice McBeide, Me. Justice Benson and Me. Justice Haeeis concur. — 144 — (169 Pac. 788.) Affirmed. Mr. John H. Hall, for tbe objectors. Mr. George G. Fulton and Mr. A. C. Fulton, contra. Action of clerk in allowing costs approved January 15, 1918. On Objection to Cost Bill. Department 1. Mr. Justice Burnett delivered tbe opinion of tbe court. 7. Tbe relator recovered a judgment in tbe Circuit Court. In due time after tbe rendition thereof it filed its cost bill. Tbe defendant surety company objected to certain items thereof and being dissatisfied with tbe decision of tbe Circuit Court on that matter as well as with the result of tbe trial on tbe main issues found in tbe original pleadings it appealed not only from the latter decision but also from tbe one rendered by tbe court on tbe objections to tbe cost bill. Tbe bearing in this court resulted in an affirmance of tbe principal judgment with costs and disbursements in favor of tbe relator and a reversal of tbe judgment of tbe Circuit Court in tbe matter of costs with directions to remand tbe ancillary issue for further proceedings. At this juncture tbe relator filed in this court a cost bill which was allowed in full by tbe clerk. Tbe surety company also tendered for filing here a cost bill on its behalf which tbe clerk refused to file or allow. Consequent upon this the surety company has served upon tbe relator and now files a paper purporting to be a notice not only to tbe clerk but to tbe attorneys for tbe rela — 145 — tor to the effect that the Surety Company appeals to the justices of the Supreme Court from the decision of the clerk “disallowing appellants’ hill of costs and disbursements, and declining to file the same, and from the order of the said clerk filing and allowing respondents’ bill of costs and disbursements, and from the whole thereof. ’ ’ This paper will he treated as an objection to the relator ’é cost hill notwithstanding it has not been verified as required by Section 569, L. O. L. The defendant contends that inasmuch as our former decision reversed the ruling of the Circuit Court on the matter of costs and disbursements it constituted such a modification of the whole decision below as to carry costs for the defendant in this court. In support of this contention the following precedents are cited: La Vie v. Crosby, 43 Or. 612 (74 Pac. 220); Anderson v. Adams, 43 Or. 621 (74 Pac. 215); Gardner v. Kinney, 60 Or. 292 (117 Pac. 971). All these cases were instances where the principal judgment itself was modified to the advantage of the appellant. In Anderson v. Adams, although it was an action at law, the principal judgment was modified without allowing costs. Section 569, L. O. L., provides for the taxation of costs and disbursements. Nothing can he allowed in that behalf unless a verified statement of the prevailing party with proof of service thereof, if notice to the adverse litigant is required, shall be filed with the clerk. Under certain circumstances it may be filed as late as the first day of the next term. Such- statement shall he allowed of course by the clerk unless the adverse party files objections thereto, stating particulars. The statement and the objections constitute the only pleadings required on the settlement of costs and disbursements. The issues on that subject having been thus made up, Section 570, L. O. L., has provided — 146 — the manner of their determination. The hearing is by the court or judge without a jury and provision is made for excepting to the rulings and for the formation of a bill of exceptions. It is required that the court embody its decision in the shape'of “a correct itemized statement of the costs and disbursements as allowed,” and judgment is rendered thereon for the party in whose favor the same are allowed. That section also contains the following clause: “The issues arising on the statement of disbursements, and the objections thereto, shall be heard and determined by the court or judge without either party recovering further costs or disbursements from the other, except that in the discretion of the court, or judge thereof, a sum not exceeding $5 as costs, but without further disbursements may be allowed to the party prevailing on the issues arising on the statement and objections thereto.” The remainder of the section provides for an appeal in which the cost bill, the objections, the correct itemized statement made by the court, judgment thereon, and the bill of exceptions, if any, shall constitute the judgment-roll. The procedure governing the settlement of costs and disbursements, although ancillary to the principal matter in dispute is, in practice, entirely separate from the latter and is sui generis. It is provided in Section 550, L. O. L., as amended by the act of February 28, 1913, Laws 1913, p. 617, that the aggrieved party may appeal orally at the time the judgment is rendered or by serving a written notice within sixty days thereafter if the appeal is from a determination of the Circuit Court, or, in other cases, within thirty days after the rendition of the judgment. We have seen that the party there prevailing is permitted to file his cost bill, at any rate, within five days after the judgment and — 147 — under certain circumstances by the first day of the next term, and that the opposite party may file his objections within five days thereafter. There is possible delay in hearing and determining the issues thus formed so that in many cases the sixty-day period allowed for appealing from the main judgment might elapse before such subsidiary matters were settled. All this indicates that the Code must be construed as making the two proceedings separate where the controversy is about the amount to be allowed as costs and disbursements. This principle is recognized in Lemmons v. Huber, 45 Or. 282 (77 Pac. 836), Wadhams v. Allen, 45 Or. 485 (78 Pac. 362), Perkins v. Perkins, 72 Or. 302 (143 Pac. 995), and Morris v. Leach, 82 Or. 509 (162 Pac. 253). We are bound, therefore, to consider the questions here involved as distinct from the principal judgment. It is not affected in any way by the present dispute. The only provision for costs and disbursements in a procedure of this kind is that in Section 570, allowing $5 to the prevailing party in the discretion of the court. We find also in Section 581 the following: “In any action, suit, or proceeding as to which the allowance and recovery of costs may not be provided for in this chapter or elsewhere in this Code, costs may be allowed or not, according to the measure herein prescribed and apportioned among the parties, in the discretion of the court.” Here, then, is a separate proceeding, the recovery of costs in which are discretionary to the extent of $5. It is not one which “is not provided for in this chapter.” At best it would not be exercising sound discretion to cast the relator in costs when his judgment on the main issue was declared to be sound and a trifling error was discovered in the ancillary litigation. — 148 — In no event would it be proper to allow costs and disbursements in favor of the defendant on the main appeal. Even the prevailing party in the separate litigation about costs is not necessarily entitled to additional costs therein. Much less will he obtain them in the main dispute where his adversary secures a complete affirmance of his judgment. ' The action of the clerk in allowing the relator’s cost bill and in refusing ' to file or allow the cost bill of the defendant will therefore be affirmed and a correct itemized statement of the costs and disbursements of the relator identical in amounts with the original will be filed as required by Section 570, L. O. L. Modified. Costs Retaxed. Mr. Chief Justice McBride, Mr. Justice Benson and Mr. Justice Harris concur.