George Hall Corp. v. Commissioner

George Hall Corporation, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent George Hall Corp. v. Commissioner Docket No. 107409 United States Tax Court 1 T.C. 471; 1943 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 253; January 19, 1943, Promulgated *253 Decision will be entered for the respondent. The amount forgiven by a shareholder of interest in arrears on debentures of the corporation held by him, which interest, in common with all the other interest on the debentures, had been deducted by the corporation on its returns for the years when it accrued, is properly included within the corporation's income in the year of forgiveness. Howard F. Farrington, C. P. A., for the petitioner. Harold D. Thomas, Esq., for the respondent. Sternhagen, Judge. Black, J., concurring. Smith, Kern, and Opper, JJ., agree with the concurring opinion. STERNHAGEN *471 The Commissioner determined a deficiency of $ 7,704.73 in income tax and $ 50.03 in excess profits tax for 1936 and a deficiency of $ 6,427.14 in income tax for 1937. Petitioner assails the inclusion in income of the forgiven interest on its debenture bonds held by a shareholder. FINDINGS OF FACT. Petitioner is a corporation, with principal office at Ogdensburg, New York. Its books and income tax returns are on an accrual basis; its returns for 1936 and 1937 were filed at Syracuse, New York. During 1932-1937, Frank A. Augsbury, petitioner's president, owned*254 1,984 1/2 of its outstanding 3,000 shares. He also owned $ 384,750 face value of petitioner's 7 percent debenture bonds, of which $ 593,450 were outstanding. In 1932 petitioner ceased to pay interest on the bonds, *472 but continued to accrue it on its books and deduct it on its tax returns. In 1936 Augsbury gave up the accrued and unpaid interest for 1934 and 1935 of $ 53,865, and in 1937 he gave up the accrued and unpaid interest for 1932 and 1933 of $ 53,865. He did this only "because of the strained financial condition of the George Hall Corporation, and in order to relieve such condition and strengthen the corporation's financial position." When interest was canceled the amount was debited to accrued bond interest and credited to donated surplus, where it remains. In 1936 and 1937 current and arrears interest due other bondholders was "satisfied, for the most part, by the cancellation of their indebtedness" for loans which petitioner had made to them. Accrued interest was paid to all bondholders except Augsbury. On its 1932-1935 income tax returns, petitioner deducted the accrued interest, including the $ 26,932.50 due each year to Augsbury. Its return for 1932 showed*255 a net loss of $ 109.95; those for 1933, 1934, and 1935 showed taxable net income. Augsbury's returns for those years were on the cash basis and on them the interest was not included in gross income. From early in 1936 until the latter part of 1939, legal title to Augsbury's shares was held by a voting trust which was occasioned by a $ 500,000 bank loan to petitioner. The loan was paid and the trust terminated on November 27, 1939, when the shares were again registered in Augsbury's name. Of petitioner's remaining shares, 500 were owned by Augsbury's brother and 145 by H. P. Strong. In determining petitioner's income tax for 1936 and 1937, the Commissioner included in the income of each year the $ 53,865 interest forgiven. OPINION. The question at issue is whether the amount forgiven by a shareholder of an indebtedness of his corporation to him for arrears of interest on debentures held by him is properly included in the corporation's income in the year of the forgiveness. The interest, in common with all the other interest on the debentures, had been deducted by the corporation on its returns for the years when the interest accrued. The Commissioner held that the amount constitutes*256 taxable income and the corporation contests the holding. The principal ground for the petitioner's conclusion is that the forgiveness was gratuitous and that petitioner credited it to donated surplus; for these reasons, it argues, the amount swelled the value of the shares and must be regarded as a contribution to the corporation's capital and not as income. We think the Commissioner's determination was correct. The corporation had, correctly, deducted the interest in the earlier years when it accrued and charged its assets with the burden of the *473 interest debt. This burden was removed by the cancellation, which "made available $ 107,130 assets previously offset by the obligation." Cf. . The corporation was solvent, and the amount was apparently available for distribution as dividends, even though it was in the "donated surplus" account. The petitioner relies upon Regulations 94, art. 22 (a)-14. This is the same as that considered in . As applied to cases like this, we can not regard that regulation as a correct statement of the*257 law. We seriously doubt that the court in , meant to hold, as the regulation categorically says, that every gratuitous forgiveness by a shareholder is per se a contribution of capital, even though the opinion apparently so holds. With some hesitation, we sustain the Commissioner's determination. Cf. ; certiorari denied, ; rehearing denied . Decision will be entered for the respondent. BLACK Black, J., concurring: The forgiveness by Frank A. Augsbury, one of the principal stockholders of petitioner, of his debt against petitioner seems to come literally within the terms of article 22 (a)-14 of Regulations 94, which is applicable to the taxable year involved in this proceeding. That article deals with the cancellation of indebtedness, and provides that in certain cases "the cancellation of indebtedness in whole or in part may result in the realization of income." The article goes on and enumerates some of the instances*258 where income results from the cancellation of indebtedness and then specifically provides: "If a shareholder in a corporation which is indebted to him gratuitously forgives the debt, the transaction amounts to a contribution to the capital of the corporation." In the instant case it is conceded that Augsbury was a stockholder of petitioner and owned 1,984 1/2 of its 3,000 shares outstanding. Also it seems clear that his cancellation of his indebtedness against petitioner was gratuitous. The only question which therefore remains is: Was the debt which Augsbury canceled one which is contemplated by the regulations and which resulted in a contribution to capital? I do not think it was. I think a reasonable construction of the Treasury regulations on this point is that the word "debt" as therein used means a debt incurred for a capital outlay. For example, if Augsbury had canceled any of the principal of the debenture bonds which were owing to him by the corporation, such would have been in truth and in *474 fact a contribution to the capital of the corporation on his part. If such a forgiveness is made to a solvent corporation by an outsider the transaction results in taxable*259 income to the corporation. Where it is made by a stockholder, it is a contribution to capital. Regulations 94, art. 22 (a)-14. But interest which the corporation has accrued on its books and has taken as a deduction in determining its net taxable income, receiving a tax benefit thereby, but which the corporation has never paid, falls into a different category. Article 22 (a)-14 of Regulations 101 recognizes this difference and the language therein contained which corresponds to the portion of article 22 (a)-14 of Regulations 94, quoted above, reads as follows: "In general, if a shareholder in a corporation which is indebted to him gratuitously forgives the debt, the transaction amounts to a contribution to the capital of the corporation to the extent of the principal of the debt." [Italics supplied.] There had been no change of law to bring about this change in the language of the regulations, nor do I think that the change in question was meant to be a departure from the former regulation, but was simply a clarification of what had been the meaning of the language all along. That the regulation involved in this proceeding has the meaning which I have indicated above seems*260 to be the view of the court in ; certiorari denied, . The decision of the court in that case was primarily based upon the fact that the cancellation by the Jane Holding Corporation of the indebtedness which was owed it by the trust stockholder of the corporation was not gratuitous. The court, however, went further and pointed out that in its opinion the sort of debt which the regulation was intended to cover was the principal of the debt and not the interest which the taxpayer corporation had from time to time used as a deduction in reducing its net income subject to taxation. The court said on this point: We think it plain that the Article purports and intends to deal only with principal indebtedness and that the declaration and the three illustrations of the Article indicate that the subject of interest accruing upon indebtedness as a separate matter distinct from indebtedness, was "not in the draftsman's mind" (Member Sternhagen), or within the scope or intendment of the Article. * * * Because I share the views above expressed, I concur in the majority*261 opinion in holding that petitioner is taxable upon the forgiven interest which it had accrued in prior years as a liability but has never paid and had used as a deduction for reducing its taxable net income.