Colonial Amusement Co. v. Commissioner

Colonial Amusement Company of Philadelphia, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent Colonial Amusement Co. v. Commissioner Docket No. 12901 United States Tax Court 11 T.C. 67; 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 126; July 20, 1948, Promulgated *126 Decision will be entered for the respondent. On the record, held: (1) The deduction of the amount of $ 14,730.28, representing officers' salaries accrued in 1935, but paid in 1936, by petitioner, which respondent determined was on a cash basis, and the deduction of the cost of premiums distributed by petitioner to patrons attending its theaters were not of a class abnormal to petitioner under section 711 (b) (1) (J) (i) of the Internal Revenue Code. (2) Petitioner has failed to carry its burden of showing such deductions were abnormal in amount under section 711 (b) (1) (J) (ii) of the Internal Revenue Code. Llewellyn A. Luce, Esq., and David Levin, C. P. A., for the petitioner. William D. Harris, Esq., for the respondent. Leech, Judge. LEECH *67 This proceeding involves deficiencies in excess profits taxes for*127 the taxable years ending September 30, 1942 and 1943, in the respective amounts of $ 8,320.11 and $ 12,366.94. The issues presented are: (1) Whether the deduction of $ 14,730.28 as officers' salaries accrued and claimed as a deduction in 1935, but which were not paid until 1936, was abnormal in class or amount under section 711 (b) (1) (J) and (K) for 1936, where respondent determined that petitioner's books were not kept on an accrual basis in 1935, but on a cash basis, and that the salaries were deductible in 1936 when paid; and (2) whether the deductions for the cost of premiums distributed to persons who bought admission tickets and attended petitioner's moving picture shows were abnormal in class or amount in the base period years under section 711 (b) (1) (J) and (K) of the Internal Revenue Code. The case was submitted upon a stipulation of facts, oral testimony, and exhibits. The stipulated facts are so found. Other facts contained in our findings of fact are found from the evidence. FINDINGS OF FACT. Petitioner is a Pennsylvania corporation, having its principal office and place of business at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. During the taxable years and for many years prior*128 thereto, petitioner operated moving picture theaters in the city of Philadelphia. Its Federal income and excess profits tax returns were filed with the collector of internal revenue for the first district of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. *68 During the period 1928 to date, petitioner operated under the names and at the locations below indicated: Colonial, 11th and Moyamensing Avenue Overbrook, 63rd and Haverford Avenue Hamilton, 5926 Lansdowne Avenue Haverford, 456 North 60th Street Petitioner has never engaged in any other business than that of operating moving picture theaters. All the theaters operated by petitioner were operated in buildings it leased. For the calendar year 1935, petitioner authorized and accrued on its books salaries to its officers, as follows: Morris Gerson, president, $ 18,500; and Philip Gerson, secretary, $ 8,000. During the year 1935 it paid to Morris Gerson in salary $ 8,643.98 and to Philip Gerson, $ 3,125.74. Of the remaining $ 14,730.28, accrued as salaries, $ 9,856.02 was paid to Morris Gerson and $ 4,874.26 was paid to Philip Gerson in the year 1936. Petitioner filed its Federal income tax return for the year 1935 on the accrual basis. *129 It deducted as an accrued liability the entire authorized amount of $ 26,500, authorized and accrued as officers' salaries for 1935. During the year 1936, officers' salaries in the amount of $ 55,438.24 were authorized for 1936 and paid to the officers in 1936. Subsequently, upon audit of the returns for 1935 and 1936, the agent of the respondent determined that for 1936, petitioner was entitled to deduct as reasonable officers' salaries only the amount of $ 30,000, in lieu of $ 55,438.24, which had been authorized and paid in 1936. The agent also determined that petitioner should have filed its tax returns for the years 1935 and 1936 on the cash basis rather than on the accrual basis. Accordingly, the agent, for the year 1935, disallowed the deduction of $ 14,730.28, accrued as officers' salaries in that year, but not paid, but allowed that amount as a deduction in 1936. For the year 1936, the agent allowed petitioner a total deduction for officers' salaries of $ 44,730.28, covering the $ 30,000 allowed as reasonable for that year, plus the item of $ 14,730.28, paid in 1936 for services rendered in 1935. Petitioner accepted such adjustments. No other salary adjustments were*130 made by the respondent for the years subsequent to 1936, up to and including the taxable years, except the deduction of $ 5,000 officers' salaries disallowed for the year 1937, which adjustment was accepted by petitioner. During the year 1939, petitioner changed its basis of accounting from a calendar year to a fiscal year beginning October 1 and ending September 30. During the calendar years 1936, 1937, and 1938, the first nine months of 1939, and the fiscal year ended September 30, 1940, petitioner distributed premiums to the patrons of its moving picture theaters. On *69 various nights within those years, to each patron who came into a theater operated by petitioner was distributed a "premium," consisting of dishes, saucers, plates, books, pillow tops and other sundry items. The cost of these premiums and the gross receipts from the theaters during the years 1934 to 1941, inclusive, were as follows: Year Premium costs Gross receipts — 1934 — None $ 231,495.29 — 1935 — $ 457.07 255,414.85 — 1936 — 1,483.89 312,623.78 — 1937 — 10,707.92 339,108.45 — 1938 — 14,774.04 317,512.99 1939 (9 months) 22,866.56 244,040.81 1940 (fiscal) 25,510.72 318,812.59 1941 (fiscal) 15,520.89 325,012.22 *131 The payment of premiums was discontinued during the fiscal year 1942. The cost of the premiums was deducted by petitioner in its tax returns for the years and fiscal periods above shown, and the deductions were allowed by the respondent. Petitioner charged its advertising to expense and did not elect to capitalize it under section 733 of the Internal Revenue Code. OPINION. The basic issue presented is whether, in computing petitioner's excess profits tax for the respective taxable periods involved, the respondent should have disallowed certain deductions under section 711 (b) (1) (J) and (K) of the Internal Revenue Code. 1*70 By way of a preliminary argument, petitioner contends that it does not have the burden of establishing the elements specified in subparagraph (K), since the respondent did not refer to said subsection in his deficiency notice. Wentworth Manufacturing Co., 6 T. C. 1201. That case is clearly distinguishable on its facts. There the taxpayer had filed a claim for relief under section 711 (b) (1) (J). The respondent denied the claim on the sole ground that the taxpayer had not established the elements specified in subparagraph*132 (K) (ii). We held, since the taxpayer had met the only issue presented by the pleadings, it was not required to anticipate other defenses not pleaded or to introduce evidence to negative unfavorable possibilities upon which they are conjectured. In the instant case, the respondent, in his deficiency notice, explained the refusal to disallow the deductions on the ground that "they are not within the purview of section 711 of the Internal Revenue Code." The assignments of error contained in the petition clearly show that petitioner was aware that it had the burden of showing the deductions were either abnormal in class, or amount, and of establishing the negative requirements specified in subparagraph (K) (ii). We find no substance in petitioner's preliminary contention. Cf. E. B. & A. C. Whiting Co., 10 T. C. 102. *133 Apparently relying on the rationale of the Wentworth case, supra, petitioner has not offered proof showing compliance with the provisions of section 711 (b) (1) (J) (ii) and subparagraph (K). Hence, the only issue we have to determine is whether the contested deductions are of a class abnormal for petitioner under section 711 (b) (1) (J) (i). The first item relates to the amount of $ 14,730.28, being the amount of salaries of its two officers accrued in 1935. Petitioner, assuming that its books were kept on the accrual basis, accrued on its books and deducted on its return for 1935 the amount of $ 14,730.28. The respondent determined that petitioner's books were actually kept on a cash basis and disallowed the deduction in the year 1935, but allowed it in 1936, when the amount was actually paid. Petitioner contends that the deduction of the $ 14,730.28 in the base period year 1936 was abnormal in class, because it is the only time it was required to pay, in one taxable year, salaries to its officers for services rendered in a prior year. Petitioner argues that in 1936 it had two classes of salary payments and the situation is analogous to that existing in Green Bay Lumber Co., 3 T. C. 824.*134 We there held that two different kinds of bad debts might be put into separate classes, and that a bad debt resulting from loans to employees of a corporation to enable them to purchase stock in another corporation was of a class different from other bad debts which were claimed and allowed. There, the amounts allowed as bad debt deductions in other years did not include any bad debts with respect to money loaned to employees. There is no evidence in this record that in years prior to the base period petitioner had not made *71 payments for salaries in one year for services rendered in a prior year. The stipulated facts relate to salary adjustments subsequent to the year 1936, and not to prior years. But assuming, arguendo, that this condition occurred for the first time in 1936, the fact that petitioner was on a cash basis, as determined by respondent, requiring the deduction to be taken in the year in which the salaries were paid, does not, we think, justify placing the deduction in a separate classification. Oaklawn Jockey Club, 8 T. C. 1128; Arrow-Hart & Hegeman Electric Co., 7 T. C. 1350, 1368. On this*135 record, we conclude that the deduction of $ 14,730.28 for officers' salaries paid in 1936 for services rendered in 1935 does not constitute a deduction of a class abnormal for petitioner. The second issue relates to the abnormality of deductions claimed during the base period years representing the cost of premiums distributed to patrons who attended petitioner's theaters on "off nights." The stipulated facts show that the policy of distributing premiums to stimulate attendance was initiated by petitioner prior to the base period year of 1936. In Frank Shepard Co., 9 T. C. 913, we held that certain deductions were of a class separate and distinct from all other deductions in the first year in which they were inaugurated and, therefore, abnormal under section 711 (b) (1) (J) (i) but that their continuation in subsequent years established a definite course of conduct rendering such deductions normal in the later years. On the authority of Frank Shepard Co., supra, we hold that the deductions claimed for the cost of premiums distributed to patrons of petitioner's theaters are not of a class abnormal to petitioner in the *136 base period years. For reasons heretofore stated, petitioner has not sustained its burden of establishing abnormality as to amount. The respondent's action in refusing to disallow the deductions claimed for officers' salaries and the cost of premiums as not within the purview of section 711 (b) (1) (J) and (K) of the Internal Revenue Code was proper and his determination is sustained. Decision will be entered for the respondent. Footnotes 1. SEC. 711. EXCESS PROFITS NET INCOME. * * * * (b) Taxble Years in Base Period. -- (1) General rule and adjustments. -- The excess profits net income for any taxable year subject to the Revenue Act of 1936 shall be the normal-tax net income, as defined in section 13 (a) of such Act; and for any other taxable year beginning after December 31, 1937, and before January 1, 1940, shall be the special-class net income, as defined in section 14 (a) of the applicable revenue law. In either case the following adjustments shall be made (for additional adjustments in case of certain reorganizations, see section 742 (e)): * * * * (J) Abnormal Deductions. -- Under regulations prescribed by the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary, for the determination, for the purposes of this subparagraph, of the classification of deductions -- (i) Deductions of any class shall not be allowed if deductions of such class were abnormal for the taxpayer, and (ii) If the class of deductions was normal for the taxpayer, but the deductions of such class were in excess of 125 per centum of the average amount of deductions of such class for the four previous taxable years, they shall be disallowed in an amount equal to such excess. (K) Rules for Application of Subparagraphs (H), (I), and (J). -- For the purposes of subparagraphs (H), (I), and (J) -- * * * * (ii) Deductions shall not be disallowed under such subparagraphs unless the taxpayer establishes that the abnormality or excess is not a consequence of an increase in the gross income of the taxpayer in its base period or a decrease in the amount of some other deduction in its base period, and is not a consequence of a change at any time in the type, manner of operation, size, or condition of the business engaged in by the taxpayer. * * * *↩