Curie v. Commissioner

Estate of Charles Curie, Deceased, the Second National Bank of Paterson, as Executor, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent Curie v. Commissioner Docket No. 2142 United States Tax Court 4 T.C. 1175; 1945 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 182; April 25, 1945, Promulgated *182 Decision will be entered under Rule 50. 1. Decedent established a trust, reserving the income to himself for the life of his wife. Upon her death the income was to go to decedent's children until they severally reach the age of 30, at which time the corpus was to be distributed to them. If none of the children reached the age of 30 and all of them predeceased decedent's wife, the corpus was to revert to decedent if alive, or to his appointees under his will if he was deceased at the death of his wife. Held, the value of the trust property is includible in decedent's gross estate. Fidelity-Philadelphia Trust Co. ( Stinson Estate) v. Rothensies, 324 U.S. 108. 2. Where the grantor reserved a contingent life estate, to take effect at the death of an initial life tenant, and thereafter predeceased the prior life tenant, the value of the trust property is not includible in decedent's gross estate within the meaning of section 302 (c) of the Revenue Act of 1926, as amended by section 803 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1932. 3. Delinquency penalty determined. Frederick M. Schlater, Esq., and William H. Welsh, Esq., for the petitioner. Walt Mandry, Esq., for the respondent. *184 Arundell, Judge. ARUNDELL *1175 This proceeding involves a deficiency in estate tax in the amount of $ 95,299.69 and a penalty for delinquency in filing the estate tax return in the amount of $ 35,257.23. The deficiency resulted from several adjustments, two of which, involving the inclusion in decedent's gross estate of the corpus of two trusts created by decedent, are alleged as error. The correctness of the penalty is also contested. It is agreed that petitioner shall be entitled to credit for state inheritance and estate taxes paid upon filing proof of payment in the manner required by law and regulations. FINDINGS OF FACT. Petitioner is the estate of Charles Curie, who died on July 15, 1936, a resident of the State of New York. The Second National Bank of Paterson, a national banking corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States and having its principal place of business in Paterson, New Jersey, is the duly qualified and acting executor of the estate. The estate tax return was filed with the collector of internal revenue for the third district of New York, on August 23, 1940. Decedent was survived by his wife, Etta D. Curie, who was born*185 September 10, 1883, and three children, Charles Curie, Jr., born June 13, 1913, Frederick D. Curie, born April 19, 1918, and Ann Gordon Curie, born May 3, 1915. The decedent was born March 4, 1872. *1176 Trust of 1925. Decedent, by indenture of trust dated April 30, 1925, transferred property having a value at the date of his death of $ 104,441.88 to the Second National Bank of Paterson as trustee. The instrument provided that the trustee should pay the income to decedent and upon his death to his appointees, during the life of his wife, Etta D. Curie. Upon the death of his wife, the income was to be paid equally to the three children of decedent until they should severally attain the age of 30. One-third of the corpus was to be paid to each of the three children upon his attaining the age of 30, if the wife should then be dead; otherwise, the trust was to continue until the death of the wife, and then to be distributed equally among or between the children surviving her. Paragraphs 7 and 10 of the trust instrument, providing for the disposition of the corpus in case of the death of all three children prior to the termination of the trust, read in material part as follows: *186 (7) In case of the death of all of our said children before they arrive at the age of thirty years, then, upon the death of the last survivor, said trustee, with all convenient speed, shall pay the whole of said trust fund to me, if living; or, if I shall not be living, to such person or persons as I may appoint in and by my last will and testament to receive the same. * * * * * * * (10) If any doubt should arise as to the true meaning of the foregoing parts of this instrument, I declare, for the purpose of aiding in the interpretation and construction thereof, that it is my general intent to set aside the foregoing principal fund so that I shall have and receive the benefit of the income thereof during the life of my wife and that our children who survive her shall have the benefit of such income and of the principal at the time and in the manner hereinbefore more particularly set forth and that neither income or the principal fund shall revert to me or my appointee or appointees save in case my wife survives all of said children. Decedent in his last will and testament, after referring to the trust instrument dated April 30, 1925, provided as follows: In order to carry out the provisions*187 of Paragraphs three (3) and nine (9) of said instrument of assignment and trust, I hereby direct the Second National Bank of Paterson, N. J. as Trustee therein, upon my death to pay the net income of said securities to my executors hereinafter mentioned, to be held by them in trust, however, for such of my children as shall survive me, for the uses and benefits and in the manner provided for in Paragraph ten (10) of this Will. In order to carry out the provisions of Paragraph seven (7) of said instrument of settlement and trust, in case of the death of all of my said surviving children before they arrive at the age of thirty years, I hereby appoint the children of my said children, if any there be, as the person or persons entitled to the trust fund created by such instrument of assignment and trust, share and share alike, and if there be no such children of any child of mine surviving me, I hereby appoint my two nieces Mrs. W. Beresford Shope (nee Jean Harriet Allee) and Dorothy Diemer Allee, or their survivor, as the person or persons to whom said trust fund shall be paid. *1177 Trust of 1928. On August 15, 1928, decedent executed a trust instrument under which he transferred*188 certain property to the Second National Bank of Paterson as trustee. The trust indenture provides in paragraph three as follows: Third: To pay the Beneficiary during the period of her natural life, and until her death, the net income of said securities, not exceeding, however, the sum of Twelve thousand dollars ($ 12,000.) per annum, and to pay to the Donor during the period of the life of the Beneficiary, and thereafter during the life of the Donor, all income of said securities in excess of Twelve thousand dollars ($ 12,000.) per annum. The payments of income herein provided shall be made quarterly on the fifth day of January, April, July and October in each year. If at the time of the death of said Beneficiary the Donor shall be living, then thereafter, that is to say, after the death of the Beneficiary, to pay all of the said net income to the Donor during the period of his natural life, and upon his death to pay the said income to the lawful issue of the Donor and the Beneficiary per stirpes and not per capita until the youngest of such issue shall attain the age of twenty-one, at which time the said trust shall cease and terminate and the principal thereof shall be paid to*189 such issue per stirpes and not per capita, to have and to hold to them, and their heirs absolutely and forever. In the event of the death of the Donor prior to the death of the Beneficiary, it is stipulated and agreed that upon the death of the Beneficiary the income of the trust fund shall be paid to the lawful issue of the Donor and the Beneficiary per stirpes and not per capita until the youngest of such issue shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, at which time this trust shall cease and terminate and the principal thereof shall be paid to such issue per stirpes and not per capita, to have and to hold to them and their heirs absolutely and forever. In relation to the payment of income as in this paragraph provided for, it is agreed that any income which may have accrued, but which has not been paid at the time of the death of either Beneficiary or the Donor, shall be collected and paid to the successor or successors of the trust income as herein provided. Paragraph ten of the trust instrument reads as follows: Tenth: The Donor further undertakes and agrees in order to assure to the Beneficiary an annual net income of Twelve thousand dollars ($ 12,000.) per annum throughout*190 the period of her natural life that in the event the securities hereinabove enumerated, or others which may be substituted for them, as herein provided, may be or become insufficient or inadequate to produce an annual income of Twelve thousand dollars ($ 12,000.) per annum as aforesaid, to add to the securities constituting the principal of this trust fund, other securities, the income from which shall be sufficient to make up any deficit in the stated annual income herein provided for, it being understood and agreed, however, in the event that the income at any time thereafter derived from such principal shall exceed the specified income of Twelve thousand dollars ($ 12,000.) per annum, the excess thereof shall be paid to the Donor if living, and if deceased, then to the Donor's estate. The corpus of the trust of 1928 never yielded income in a sufficient amount to pay the stipulated sum of $ 12,000 a year to Mrs. Curie. In 1933, decedent and Mrs. Curie having become estranged, she brought an action in the Court of Chancery of New Jersey to compel decedent to *1178 provide additional securities to make up the deficit in the income. A decree on remittitur from the Court of Errors*191 and Appeals was rendered on June 17, 1935, ordering decedent and his guardians (he having in the meantime been declared incompetent) "to add to the securities constituting the principal of said trust fund, other securities, the income from which shall be sufficient, together with the income now being derived from the securities now in the hands of said Trustee, to yield an annual income of $ 12,000 per year, * * *; provided, however, that the said defendant, Etta D. Curie, shall authorize and direct the said complainant as trustee as aforesaid, during the lifetime of the said Charles Curie, or until the further order of this court, to pay to his guardians all the income derived from the said trust estate in excess of the sum of $ 7,500.00 per annum * * *." In compliance with the decree on remittitur the committee of the property of decedent delivered and transferred to the Second National Bank of Paterson as trustee of the trust created by the indenture of August 15, 1928, additional securities, which securities as of the date of decedent's death had a total value of $ 74,900. Neither of the trusts was established in contemplation of death, nor was the transfer of additional securities*192 to the 1928 trust made in contemplation of death. Delinquency Penalty. The Second National Bank of Paterson, New Jersey, qualified as executor on October 14, 1936. The preliminary notice on Form 704 was filed by the executor on December 2, 1936. The bulk of the estate, excluding the corpora of the two trusts created by decedent in 1925 and 1928, consisted of three parcels of real estate, stocks, bonds, a mortgage, several life insurance policies on the life of decedent, cash, and miscellaneous property, the principal item of which was a stamp collection. At the time of decedent's death these assets were in the possession of decedent's committee, which filed its accounting in December 1936. The executor contested the account on the grounds that the assets of decedent were overvalued and excessive commissions were claimed. This litigation was not concluded until 1938, whereupon, in the month of February, the executor first came into possession of the assets of the estate. After receiving the assets the executor proceeded to ascertain their value. Several difficulties ensued. An appraiser attempted to value the stamp collection, but the value was not definitely fixed until*193 its sale in 1938 or 1939. A claim of the estate on account of decedent's interest in a law firm of which he had been a partner was not finally settled until the summer of 1940. Decedent owned a large estate known as "Idlewild" in Cornwall, New York, and attempts of the executor to appraise the furniture and furnishings located there met *1179 with objections from Mrs. Curie, who desired to be present when the appraisal was made. In consequence, the appraisal of this personalty was not completed until September 1938. Finally, there was involved some question of the rights of Mrs. Curie under the trust agreement of 1928. The executor's trust department consisted of a trust officer, a clerk, a bookkeeper, and a stenographer. The trust officer knew that a Federal estate tax return was required to be filed within 15 months after decedent's death, and that it was the duty of the executor to file the return. The executor had filed returns in connection with other estates and maintained card records showing the due date of the tax returns of various estates, in this case October 15, 1937. Prior to the due date of the return, the trust officer knew that decedent owned at least *194 one piece of realty, but made no attempt to learn from Mrs. Curie whether there was any other real estate owned by decedent at the time of his death. The trust officer also knew that all the assets of the estate were in the possession of the committee, but never asked the committee what the assets were, because from week to week the executor expected to receive possession of the assets. It was the practice of the executor in connection with the administration of estates to entrust all matters of a legal nature to its attorneys. On December 11, 1937, the executor, through its trust officer, wrote to its attorneys as follows: We believe the expiration date for the filing of the Federal [estate] Tax Return has expired and therefore an application for an extension of time should be made provided you have not already done so. Will you please advise us in this matter? On December 13, 1937, the attorneys, who were of the opinion that no return should be filed until a completely accurate one was possible, communicated with the collector of internal revenue for the second district of New York, stating the difficulty encountered in reducing the estate to possession and requesting an extension*195 of six months to file the return. By letter dated January 10, 1938, the request was denied by the Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue for the reason that the time for filing had already expired, and in that letter it was suggested that "A return as complete and accurate as possible should be filed without further delay * * *." This letter was transmitted to the executor by the attorneys upon receipt. On June 4 and July 11, 1938, the attorneys again communicated with the Bureau of Internal Revenue, requesting a further consideration in the matter of the delinquent return, and were advised that an extension was impossible but that if a return was filed within 30 days consideration would be given to an affidavit explaining the delinquency in determining whether a penalty should be imposed. *1180 Complete information in regard to all the assets of the estate was in the possession of the executor in August 1938, and was furnished by it to its attorneys at that time for preparation of the estate tax return. The return was filed on August 23, 1940. Payments on account of the tax were made in the amounts and on the dates as follows: June 14, 1938 $ 15,000.00 May 25, 1939 20,000.00 Nov. 7, 1939 10,000.00 Aug. 23, 1940 729.22 45,729.22 *196 OPINION. The first question presented for decision involves the includibility in the decedent's gross estate, under the provisions of section 302 (c) of the Revenue Act of 1926 as amended, of the value of the corpus of a trust created by him in 1925. By the terms of the trust instrument the income was to be paid to decedent during his lifetime and after his death to his appointees, as long as his wife should live. Upon the death of his wife the income was to be paid to or for the benefit of the three children of decedent until they should severally reach the age of 30, whereupon the corpus was to be distributed to them absolutely. In no event were the children to receive the corpus or the income until the death of the wife. Paragraphs 7 and 10 provide in substance that if the children should die before reaching 30 or before the death of the wife, the corpus should revert to decedent or his appointees. It is clear that nothing is to be included in the estate of the decedent by reason of the retention of the income during his life, since the trust was created prior to the Joint Resolution of March 3, 1931. Hassett v. Welch, 303 U.S. 303; May v. Heiner, 281 U.S. 283;*197 Estate of Edward E. Bradley, 1 T. C. 518; affd., 140 Fed. (2d) 87. Respondent has determined, however, that the corpus is includible as a transfer intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment at or after death, within the meaning of section 302 (c) of the Revenue Act of 1926 as amended. Petitioner argues that the transfer was not one intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment at or after death, because nothing was given contingently upon decedent's death and because the rights of all takers were the same, regardless of the death of decedent. It is apparent, however, that the decedent retained a string or a contingent power of appointment over the trust corpus. The remainder to the children was not absolute until they reached the age of 30 years and survived their mother. In the event none of the children were able to take, the corpus was to be paid over to petitioner if he *1181 was then alive or to his appointee under his will if he was then deceased. Hence, until the time of decedent's death or some undeterminable time thereafter it was uncertain whether the property would pass as provided in the trust*198 instrument, or whether it would be distributed under the power of appointment. The retention of such a string subjects the property to estate tax liability. The principles enunciated in Klein v. United States, 283 U.S. 231; Helvering v. Hallock, 309 U.S. 106; and more recently the construction placed thereon in Fidelity-Philadelphia Trust Co. ( Stinson Estate) v. Rothensies, 324 U.S. 108, require us to approve the Commissioner's determination. The second trust, created in 1928, presents a different problem. Respondent determined that the entire corpus of that trust was includible in decedent's estate, but has now modified his position, tacitly conceding that the corpus as originally constituted is not includible in decedent's estate, but contending that the value at the date of death of the additional securities transferred to the trust in 1935 is includible under section 302 (c) of the 1926 Act, as amended by section 803 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1932. The argument is that the transfer of additional securities was a transfer under which decedent "has retained for his life*199 or for any period not ascertainable without reference to his death or for any period which does not in fact end before his death (1) the possession or enjoyment of, or the right to the income from, the property * * *." The terms of the instrument to which the transfer was subject provided that during the life of Mrs. Curie the income in excess of $ 12,000 per year should be paid to decedent and after her death, if decedent survived her, all of the income should be paid to him as long as he should live. Upon the death of survivor of them the income was to be paid to his lawful issue until the youngest should reach the age of 21, at which time the corpus was to be distributed to the then living issue per stirpes. Petitioner argues, first, that the transfer is not controlled by section 803 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1932, effectuating the Joint Resolution of March 3, 1931, because this trust was established prior to March 3, 1931, and the transfer of the additional securities in 1935 was not more than the fulfillment of an obligation undertaken in 1928. The statute, however, embraces all transfers of the category specified, made after its effective date. Regardless of the circumstances*200 under which the transfer was made, if it is of the category against which the amendment was directed, the value at the date of decedent's death must be included in his estate, inasmuch as the transfer is the determinative event, by the plain words of the statute. Under basically similar circumstances the same conclusion was reached in City Bank Farmers Trust Co. v. Hoey, 101 Fed. (2d) 9. In that case the contention was made that certain gratuitous payments actually made *1182 subsequent to the effective date of the Gift Tax Act of 1932 were not taxable under that act because made pursuant to an obligation existing prior to the effective date. The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that "The prior creation of rights to have the transfers made could not change the fact of the transfers or the time of the transfers," and that the transfers, regardless of the preexisting obligation, were taxable under the Revenue Act of 1932. So here, despite the fact that the transfer of additional securities in 1935 was made pursuant to an obligation existing in 1928, the actual transfer occurred after the effective date of section 803 (a) *201 of the Revenue Act of 1932 and of the Joint Resolution of March 3, 1931, and its taxability must be determined in the light of those provisions. The question is thus narrowed to whether the value of the additional securities is includible in decedent's estate by reason of his limited and contingent right to the income of the trust. That right was in reality twofold: (1) A right to receive all income in excess of $ 12,000 while his wife lived, and (2) a contingent right to the entire income of the trust in case he should survive his wife. As to the first right, the income of the trust has never been as great as $ 12,000 per year and decedent or his estate has never received anything under that reservation. 1 The principal controversy centers around the right to receive all the income in case decedent should have survived his wife. *202 The purposes sought to be accomplished by the enactment of section 803 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1932, as set forth in the Report of the Committee on Ways and Means, 72d Cong., 1st sess., pp. 46, 47 (C. B. 1939-1 (Part 2), pp. 490-1), were as follows: 2 The purpose of this amendment to section 302 (c) of the Revenue Act of 1926 is to clarify in certain respects the amendments made to that section by the joint resolution of March 3, 1931, which were adopted to render taxable a transfer under which the decedent reserved the income for his life. The joint resolution was designed to avoid the effect of decisions of the Supreme Court holding such a transfer not taxable if irrevocable and not made in contemplation of death. Certain new matter has also been added, which is without retroactive effect. The changes are: (1) The insertion of the words "or for any period not ascertainable without reference to his death," is to reach, for example, a transfer where decedent reserved to himself semiannual payments of the income of a trust which he had established, but with the provision that no part of the trust income between the last semiannual payment to him and his death should be paid to*203 him or his estate, or where he reserves the income, not necessarily for the remainder of his life, but for a period in the ascertainment of which the date of his death was a necessary element. *1183 (2) The insertion of the words "or for any period which does not in fact end before his death," which is to reach, for example, a transfer where decedent, 70 years old, reserves the income for an extended term of years and dies during the term, or where he is to have the income from and after the death of another person until his own death, and such other person predeceases him. This is a clarifying change and does not represent new matter. [Emphasis added.] (3) The insertion of the words "the right to the income" in place of the words "the income" is designed to reach a case where decedent had the right to the income, though he did not actually receive it. This is also a clarifying change. In 1934, under Regulations 80, article 15, the Treasury*204 ruled that, where a grantor reserves a life estate to take effect upon the death of a prior life tenant and thereafter predeceases the life tenant, the corpus of the trust is not includible in his gross estate. E. T. 5, C. B. XIII-2, p. 369. That ruling, after setting forth the above quoted excerpt from the committee reports, concluded as follows: In (2), above, the intention is clearly expressed that one of the objects sought to be accomplished was to reach a transfer "where he [the transferor] is to have the income from and after the death of another person until his own death, and such other person predeceases him." In other words, if the transferor was at the date of his death in the actual enjoyment of the income of the trust, the transfer should be subjected to tax; and, where the transferor's contingent right to the trust income was obliterated by his death prior to that of the life tenant, the transfer is not taxable. Since A predeceased his wife, it is held, under the construction of section 302 (c) indicated in the above-quoted provisions of the report of the Committee on Finance of the Senate with respect to the amendment of that section by section 803 (a) of the Revenue*205 Act of 1932, that the value of the property transferred in trust by A may not properly be included in his gross estate. In 1937 Regulations 80, article 18, was amended to read as follows: Art. 18. Transfers with possession or enjoyment retained. -- (a) Transfers included. -- The statutory phrase, "a transfer * * * intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment at or after his death," includes a transfer, whether in trust or otherwise, made subject to the reservation or retention by the decedent of the use, or the possession, or the rents or other income or enjoyment of the transferred property, or any part thereof, for his life, or for a period not ascertainable without reference to his death, or for such a period as to evidence his intention that it should extend at least for the duration of his life; including also the reservation or retention of the use, possession, rents, or other income the actual enjoyment of which, by the decedent, was to be postponed until the termination of a transferred precedent interest or estate. (See article 15.) [Emphasis added.] If for any such period the use, possession, rents, or other income (in whole or in part) were to be*206 disposed of in discharge of a legal obligation of the decedent or otherwise for his pecuniary benefit, then to that extent the use, possession, rents or other income will be treated as having been reserved to or retained by the decedent. Respondent's position is based upon this regulation. However, the opinion of the Commissioner was otherwise in 1936, at which time he adhered to the view which had been expressed in E. T. 5, supra. The history of the legislation, we think, supports the earlier view of *1184 the Commissioner. The Supreme Court, in May v. Heiner, supra, and in later cases following that decision, held that a transfer was not one "intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment at or after death" simply by reason of the fact that the income from the property transferred was retained for his life by the grantor. By the Joint Resolution of March 3, 1931, Congress sought to overcome the future effect of those decisions by adding a new provision designed to tax transfers where the grantor had retained for his life, or for any period not ascertainable without reference to his death, (1) the possession or enjoyment of, or *207 the income from, the property. The 1932 Act further amended the provisions by adding the phrase "or for any period which does not in fact end before his death," and adding "or the right to the income from, the property." It is obvious that the decedent did not retain the income for his life. At the creation of the trust his wife came into the enjoyment of the income for her life. Nor do we think the phrase "for a period not ascertainable without reference to his death" is applicable. Decedent's death merely cut off the possibility of his ever coming into the possession or enjoyment or the right to the income from the property and to apply this phrase to the case at hand would render it meaningless. The obvious purpose of this language was to tax transfers where decedent actually came into the enjoyment of the income, not for his life, but for a period, in the determination of which the date of his death was a necessary element, for example, where the grantor is to receive the income annually but with the provision that none of the income between the last annual payment and his death is to be received by him or his estate. It seems clear that the case at hand would fall within*208 the meaning of the phrase "or for any period which does not in fact end before his death," had decedent ever come into the enjoyment of or the right to the income during his lifetime. Since the reservation of the possibility of coming into a life estate does not amount to the retained estate contemplated by the statute, we are of the opinion that the petitioner should prevail. The final question involves the correctness of the penalty determined by respondent for delinquency in filing the return. Section 3176 of the Revised Statutes, as amended by section 1103 of the Revenue Act of 1926, imposes a 25 percent penalty in case of failure to file a return within the time prescribed by law or by respondent or the collector in pursuance of law, unless it is shown that such failure was due to a reasonable cause and not to willful neglect. Section 406 of the Revenue Act of 1935 provides that the penalty shall be 5 percent for each 30 days of delinquency, not exceeding 25 percent in the aggregate. Article 63 of Regulations 80 provides that the return must be filed within 15 months after decedent's death. Section 304 of the Revenue Act of 1926 provides in part as follows: *1185 (b) *209 * * * If the executor is unable to make a complete return as to any part of the gross estate of the decedent, he shall include in his return a description of such part and the name of every person holding a legal or beneficial interest therein, and upon notice from the collector such person shall in like manner make a return as to such part of the gross estate. Article 64 of Regulations 80 provides in part as follows: Art. 64. Persons liable for return. -- The statute provides that the duly qualified executor or administrator shall file the return. * * * If, in any case, the executor is unable to make a complete return as to any part of the gross estate, he is required to give all the information he has as to such property, including a full description, and the name of every person holding a legal or beneficial interest in the property. * * * The facts may be summarized as follows: The return was due October 15, 1937. The executor, a national banking institution, knew the return was due October 15, 1937. On December 11, 1937, the executor wrote to its attorney, stating that it believed the time for filing had expired, and suggested that "an application for an extension of *210 time should be made provided you have not already done so." Shortly thereafter the attorneys requested an extension and by letter dated January 10, 1938, the request was denied, with the suggestion that a return as nearly complete and accurate as possible should be filed without further delay. This letter was transmitted to the executor, but no action was taken. In June and July 1938 the attorneys again wrote for an extension, but were advised again that an extension was impossible, but that if a return was filed within 30 days consideration would be given to an affidavit explaining the delinquency. Still no action was taken. It was not until August 15, 1940, almost two and one-half years after being advised by the Commissioner to file a return as complete as possible without further delay, that the executor finally filed the return. Petitioner advances several grounds as constituting reasonable cause for this extended delinquency. The first is that it entrusted the preparation and filing of returns to its attorneys. The burden of filing returns, however, can not be avoided by placing the duty upon an agent. Eagle Piece Dye Works, 10 B. T. A. 1360.*211 Secondly, it argues that it was advised by its attorneys that no return should be filed until a complete and accurate one was possible. Petitioner, however, was a national banking institution, accustomed to filing returns for estates administered by it, and must be presumed to have been acquainted with the requirements of the law. Furthermore, on the evidence it is questionable whether such advice was received prior to the due date of the return, or whether any advice at all was sought before the due date. The letter of December 11, 1937, would suggest the latter conclusion. A third argument is that the assets of the estate were not reduced to physical possession until February 1938, by reason of litigation *1186 over the accounting of decedent's committee. When asked if any attempt had been made to learn from the committee of the assets it had belonging to decedent, the trust officer of the executor in charge of this estate replied: Q. But did you ask Mr. Scully [one of the decedent's committee], in 1937, or any other time prior to February when he turned the assets over to you, what the assets were that they had that belonged to the incompetent? A. I don't know -- we talked*212 about them generally -- I don't know if I put the question to him point blank. We were to get the securities -- about a year prior to when we did receive them. Q. I didn't get that last statement. A. I don't recall asking him exactly what securities he had there because we expected to get the securities about a year before we actually did. Moreover, the whole question is colored by the protracted delay in filing the return. It was admitted that full information about the assets was in the possession of the executor and its attorneys by August 1938. No return was filed until two years later, despite the warnings of the respondent in January and June of 1938 that a return should be filed without further delay if the penalty was to be avoided. All of these circumstances combine to show clearly a lack of reasonable cause for failure to file, if not willful neglect to file. On this point, therefore, the determination of the Commissioner is sustained. Decision will be entered under Rule 50. Footnotes 1. T. D. 4868 (C. B. 1938-2, pp. 355-6) -- If such retention or reservation is of a part only of the use, possession, income, or other enjoyment of the property, then only a corresponding proportion of the value of the property should be included in determining the value of the gross estate.↩ 2. Id↩. Finance Committee Report, 72d Cong., 1st sess., pp. 49, 50.