Tarbox Corp. v. Commissioner

Tarbox Corporation, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent Tarbox Corp. v. Commissioner Docket No. 6145 United States Tax Court 6 T.C. 35; 1946 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 317; January 11, 1946, Promulgated *317 Decision will be entered for the respondent. Held, that petitioner's failure to file a personal holding company return was not due to reasonable cause, and the delinquency penalty was properly imposed. Samuel Perman (an officer), for the petitioner. Thomas R. Charshee, Esq., for the respondent. Arundell, Judge. ARUNDELL *35 Respondent determined deficiencies of $ 71.97 in petitioner's income tax and of $ 2,025.02 in personal holding company surtax for the calendar year 1941, and imposed a 25 percent delinquency penalty of $ 506.25 for failure to file a personal holding company return. Petitioner concedes that the deficiencies were correctly asserted and is here contesting only the imposition of the penalty. FINDINGS OF FACT. Petitioner is a corporation organized under the laws of New York, with an office at Worcester, *318 Massachusetts. Its corporation income and declared value excess profits tax return for the calendar year 1941 was timely filed on Form 1120 with the collector for the second district of New York. During the taxable year, the president and treasurer of petitioner, Martin V. B. Coe, was also its sole stockholder. Coe formed the corporation in 1939, upon the advice of his counsel, for the purpose of avoiding threatened attachments and injunctions because of marital difficulties then existing between himself and his wife. The business of the corporation was that of purchase and sale of securities in the market, the firm of F. E. Hutton & Co. acting as stockbroker. Upon the occasion of filing the corporation's first Federal tax return, Coe consulted his attorney, who went with him to engage the services of one Hayden, an accountant for F. E. Hutton & Co., in preparing the return. Hayden was briefly informed with reference to the corporate structure and filled out the return. The return was then submitted to Coe's counsel for his opinion, and he advised Coe that Hayden was more competent than he to pass upon the matter. There was no discussion at that time with reference to the corporation*319 being a personal holding company. Substantially the same procedure was followed in connection with the return for the taxable year in question. Hayden prepared the return from the records of F. E. Hutton & Co., petitioner's broker. There was no mention or discussion by anyone at that time as to whether the corporation was a personal holding company. No personal holding company return was filed. Coe was not aware of *36 any peculiar classification to which the corporation belonged, and he acted in reliance upon the preparation made by the accountant and in part upon his attorney's advice. The corporation income and declared value excess profits tax return for 1941 described that petitioner had a gross income of $ 3,118.39, consisting of $ 1,185.89 interest and $ 1,932.50 dividends from securities, and deductions amounting to $ 366.51, leaving a net income of $ 2,751.88. On page 3 of the return the following questions were answered "No," as indicated: 7. Is the corporation a personal holding company within the meaning of section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code? No (If so, an additional return on Form 1120 H must be filed.) * * * * 9. * * * (b) Did any corporation, *320 individual, partnership, trust, or association own at any time during the taxable year 50 percent or more of your voting stock? No Petitioner's failure to file a personal holding company return was not due to reasonable cause. OPINION. The only issue in this case is whether there was reasonable cause for petitioner's failure to file a personal holding company return within the time prescribed by law. In support of its contention that there was, petitioner relies upon the fact that its president and sole stockholder first consulted his attorney and then engaged an accountant to prepare petitioner's tax return, and that he acted in complete reliance upon them. Clearly this is not a case where petitioner's status as a personal holding company was in substantial doubt and its officer or officers, after a consideration of all relevant factors and after consulting and discussing the entire matter with counsel, came to the conclusion, based upon reasonable grounds, that the corporation was not a personal holding company. See Girard Investment Co. v. Commissioner, 122 Fed. (2d) 843; Agricultural Securities Corporation, 39 B. T. A. 1103;*321 affd. per curiam, 116 Fed. (2d) 800; cf. Dayton Bronze Bearing Co. v. Gilligan, 281 Fed. 709; C. R. Lindback Foundation, 4 T. C. 652; affd. per curiam, Fed. (2d) (C. C. A., 3d Cir., Oct. 17, 1945). Petitioner does not here contest its liability to personal holding company surtax. The provisions of the personal holding company statute, so far as applicable to petitioner, are plain, for all its income was derived from interest and dividends on securities and more than 50 percent of its stock was owned by not more than five individuals. On the contrary, the question was apparently not even considered by petitioner's president or his attorney. The president was not "aware of any peculiar classification to which this corporation belonged." So far as we know, the accountant did not consider the *37 question either, except for the fact that question No. 7 on the return was answered in the negative. At any rate, he did not discuss the matter with Coe and the attorney. Whether sufficient information was made available to the accountant to enable him to come to an intelligent*322 conclusion about the personal holding company status of petitioner we do not know. The evidence shows that at the time of filing the first corporation return he was "briefly informed with reference to the corporate structure," but it was stated on the return that no individual at any time during the taxable year owned more than 50 percent of the voting stock of petitioner. Certainly that was not the fact, for Coe owned all the stock. The reasons advanced by petitioner for its failure to file a personal holding company return either "merely reduce themselves to a plea of ignorance of the law," Samuel Goldwyn, Inc., Ltd., 43 B. T. A. 1086, or amount to reliance upon an agent to whom, apparently, insufficient information was disclosed or who likewise was unfamiliar with the requirements of the taxing statute, Eagle Piece Dye Works, 10 B. T. A. 1360; cf. Berlin v. Commissioner, 59 Fed. (2d) 996. Neither is sufficient excuse. Petitioner's return on Form 1120 is clearly inadequate for purposes of the required personal holding company return. O'Sullivan Rubber Co. v. Commissioner, 120 Fed. (2d) 845;*323 Girard Investment Co. v. Commissioner, supra. This is not such a case as Germantown Trust Co. v. Commissioner, 309 U.S. 304, in which the taxpayer merely filed the wrong form. Petitioner properly filed Form 1120, as it was obligated to do, but it was additionally required to file a separate personal holding company return on Form 1120-H, for it was "under liability for two taxes and under an obligation to file two returns." Commissioner v. Lane-Wells Co., 321 U.S. 219. In the state of the evidence we conclude, and we have found as a fact, that petitioner's failure to file a personal holding company return was not due to reasonable cause. The delinquency penalty was therefore properly imposed. Decision will be entered for the respondent.